Abstract
The role of both permanent molecular dipoles and virtual molecular states, for two- and three-photon molecular excitation, is discussed in the context of the two- and three-photon excitation cross sections, with a ten-energy-level giant-dipole molecule as a model. Two types of excitation mechanisms are involved, that which requires permanent dipole moments and that which requires virtual molecular excited states. The results are relevant to the understanding of two- and three-photon excitation processes and for the design of fluorophores with large multiphoton absorption cross sections.
© 2002 Optical Society of America
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