Spectroscopic properties, self-frequency doubling, and self-sum frequency mixing in GdAl₃(BO₃)₄:Nd³⁺

Abstract

We present the absorption and emission spectroscopy of ${\mathrm{GdAl}}_3({\mathrm{BO}}_3{)}_4:{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ as functions of the σ and π polarizations. From the Judd–Ofelt analysis extended to anisotropic crystals, we have determined the parameters ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{2\sigma }=1.455\times {10}^{-20} {\mathrm{cm}}^2,$ ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{4\sigma }=1.175\times {10}^{-20} {\mathrm{cm}}^2,$ ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{6\sigma }=2.043\times {10}^{-20} {\mathrm{cm}}^2,$ ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{2\pi }=0.208\times {10}^{-20} {\mathrm{cm}}^2,$ ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{4\pi }=0.326\times {10}^{-20} {\mathrm{cm}}^2,$ and ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{6\pi }=1.257\times {10}^{-20} {\mathrm{cm}}^2.$ The radiative lifetime of the ${ }^4{F}_{3/2}$ level is 293 µs. The σ-polarized stimulated emission cross section was measured to be $3.0\times {10}^{-19} {\mathrm{cm}}^2$ at the laser wavelength of 1061.9 nm. No excited-state absorption was found at this wavelength. Green generation by self-frequency doubling was obtained with a yield of 4.3%. Blue generation tuneable in the 436-nm to 443-nm range was obtained with a yield of 7.3% from self-sum frequency mixing.

© 2001 Optical Society of America

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