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Preparation of proton-exchange LiNbO3 waveguides in benzoic acid vapor

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Abstract

Either α- or β-phase LiNbO3 guides of high quality were obtained by proton exchange of x- and z-cut substrates in benzoic acid vapor. The second-harmonic-generation efficiency of z-cut samples was found to be similar to that of the substrate for 0.01Δne0.1. x-cut samples show second-harmonic-generation efficiency that is good for Δne0.03 and negligible for Δne0.03. All cuts exhibit low optical losses (<0.35 dB cm-1) for Δne0.03 and Δne0.09 and a high optical damage threshold for Δne>0.03.

© 1999 Optical Society of America

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