Growth and evaluation of ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum borate as a potential self-doubling laser crystal

Pu Wang; Judith M. Dawes; Peter Dekker; David S. Knowles; James A. Piper; Baosheng Lu

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.16.000063

Growth and evaluation of ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum borate as a potential self-doubling laser crystal

Pu Wang, Judith M. Dawes, Peter Dekker, David S. Knowles, James A. Piper, and Baosheng Lu

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 16,
Issue 1,
pp. 63-69
(1999)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.16.000063

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Pu Wang, Judith M. Dawes, Peter Dekker, David S. Knowles, James A. Piper, and Baosheng Lu, "Growth and evaluation of ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum borate as a potential self-doubling laser crystal," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 63-69 (1999)

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Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Materials (160.0160)
- Laser materials (160.3380)
- Nonlinear optical materials (160.4330)
- Absorption (300.1030)
- Emission (300.2140)

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History
- Original Manuscript: June 18, 1998
- Published: January 1, 1999

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Abstract

The doped nonlinear optical crystal, ytterbium: yttrium aluminum borate, ${Yb}^{3 +} : {YAl}_{3} ({BO}_{3})_{4},$ has been grown with good optical quality in a high-temperature solution from $K_{2} {Mo}_{3} O_{10}$ and $B_{2} O_{3}$ fluxes. Room- and low-temperature absorption and fluorescence spectra have been measured, and spectral parameters have been calculated. The ground-state energy-level splitting is 581 cm^-1. The emission lifetime, the absorption cross section, and the peak emission cross section are 0.68 ms, $3.4 \times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2},$ and $0.8 \times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2},$ respectively. In comparison with established laser crystals, the results for the cross sections, lifetime, and energy splitting suggest that this crystal has potential as an efficient self-frequency-doubled laser operating in the green.

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Properties	YABa	BCBFb	YAGc	FAPd	KYWe
$λ_{pump}$ (nm)	975	912	942	905	981.2
$Δ λ_{pump}$ (nm)	20	19	18	2.4	3.5
$λ_{ext}$ (nm)	1040	1034	1031	1043	1025
$σ_{abs}$ ( $10^{- 20} {cm}^{2},$ $λ = λ_{pump}$ )	3.4	1.1	0.8	10	13.3
$k_{abs}$ (cm^-1, $λ = λ_{ext}$ )	0.12	-	>1.0a	-	-
$σ_{em}$ ( $10^{- 20} {cm}^{2};$ RM)	0.8	1.3	2.0	5.9	3.0
$d_{eff}$ (pmV^-1)	1.42	0.26	-	-	-
$τ_{em}$ (ms)	0.68	1.17	1.08	1.08	0.60
$τ_{em}$ (ms)	0.60	-	0.93	-	-
$β_{min}$	0.043	0.097	0.055	0.047	-
$I_{sat}$ (kW/cm²)	8.8	17	28	1.9	-
$I_{min}$ (kW/cm²)	0.38	1.64	1.54	0.09	-

Extraction channel	$Δ E$ (cm^-1)	$f_{a}$ (%)	$σ_{abs}$ $(10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$σ_{em}$ $(10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$β_{min}$
998 nm	185	19.4	0.388	1.14	0.252
1040 nm	581	2.8	0.039	0.8	0.043

Properties	Nd:YABa	Yb:YABb
Space group	R32	R32
Optical quality	poor	good
Ion concentration (at. %)	2–10	2–20
Lattice parameters	$a = 9.293 Å,$ $b = 9.293 Å$	$a = 9.277 Å,$ $b = 9.277 Å$
(concentration, 5 at. %)	$c = 7.245 Å,$	$c = 7.224 Å,$
Phase-matching angle	$1.06 µ m \Rightarrow 0.53 µ m$	$1.04 µ m \Rightarrow 0.52 µ m$
	$θ_{I} = 30.8 ° C,$ $θ_{II} = 45.6 ° C$	$θ_{I} = 32.78 ° C,$ $θ_{II} = 52.4 ° C$
Absorption coefficient	at 809 nm, 5.03 cm^-1	at 975 nm, 10.4 cm^-1
(ion concentration, 4 at. %)	at 532 nm, 1.0 cm^-1	at 520 nm, no absorption
FWHM (nm)	at 809 nm, 7 nm	at 975 nm, 20 nm
Fluorescence lifetime	60 µs	680 µs
Emission cross section	at 1.06 µm, $2 \times 10^{- 19} {cm}^{2}$	at 1.04 µm, $1.0 \times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2}$

Properties	YABa	BCBFb	YAGc	FAPd	KYWe
$λ_{pump}$ (nm)	975	912	942	905	981.2
$Δ λ_{pump}$ (nm)	20	19	18	2.4	3.5
$λ_{ext}$ (nm)	1040	1034	1031	1043	1025
$σ_{abs}$ ( $10^{- 20} {cm}^{2},$ $λ = λ_{pump}$ )	3.4	1.1	0.8	10	13.3
$k_{abs}$ (cm^-1, $λ = λ_{ext}$ )	0.12	-	>1.0a	-	-
$σ_{em}$ ( $10^{- 20} {cm}^{2};$ RM)	0.8	1.3	2.0	5.9	3.0
$d_{eff}$ (pmV^-1)	1.42	0.26	-	-	-
$τ_{em}$ (ms)	0.68	1.17	1.08	1.08	0.60
$τ_{em}$ (ms)	0.60	-	0.93	-	-
$β_{min}$	0.043	0.097	0.055	0.047	-
$I_{sat}$ (kW/cm²)	8.8	17	28	1.9	-
$I_{min}$ (kW/cm²)	0.38	1.64	1.54	0.09	-

Extraction channel	$Δ E$ (cm^-1)	$f_{a}$ (%)	$σ_{abs}$ $(10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$σ_{em}$ $(10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$β_{min}$
998 nm	185	19.4	0.388	1.14	0.252
1040 nm	581	2.8	0.039	0.8	0.043

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