Abstract

Crystals of CsMgCl₃ containing Gd³⁺ and Er³⁺ exhibit UV emissions from excited Gd³⁺ ions when the ⁴S_3/2(E) (546-nm) and the ²H_11/2(F) (522-nm) states of Er³⁺ are pumped by pulsed laser excitation. The Gd³⁺ long-lived emissions that appear at 281 nm (τ = 6 ms) and 313 nm (τ = 3 ms) are assigned to the ⁶I_7/2(C) and the ⁶P_7/2(A) states, respectively. The luminescence dynamics indicate that the excited Gd³⁺ ions are produced by cooperative energy transfer from excited pairs of Er³⁺ ions. Direct excitation of the ⁴G_9/2(T) state of Er³⁺ at 277 nm is shown to sensitize the Gd³⁺ emission at 281 nm. Excitation spectra that are observed when pumping the Er³⁺ states while monitoring the Gd³⁺ emissions indicate that there are spectroscopically distinct Er³⁺–Gd³⁺ clusters with slightly different absorption energies and noticeably different emission dynamics.

© 1994 Optical Society of America

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