Stark effect of atomic Helium singlet lines

L. Windholz; T. J. Wasowicz; R. Drozdowski; J. Kwela

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.29.000934

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 29,
Issue 5,
pp. 934-943
(2012)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.29.000934

Stark effect of atomic Helium singlet lines

L. Windholz, T. J. Wasowicz, R. Drozdowski, and J. Kwela

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L. Windholz, T. J. Wasowicz, R. Drozdowski, and J. Kwela, "Stark effect of atomic Helium singlet lines," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 29, 934-943 (2012)

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Abstract

We present experimental and theoretical investigations of the He spectral series $2 {}^{1}S - n {}^{1}Q$ ( $n = 3 \div 9$ , $Q = S, P, D, \dots, n - 1$ ) and $2 {}^{1}P - n {}^{1}Q$ ( $n = 3 \div 9$ , $Q = S, P, D, \dots, n - 1$ ) in electric fields up to $1635 kV / cm$ . Apart from the allowed transitions with $| Δ L | = 1$ , the transitions with $| Δ L | = 0, 2, 3, \dots$ —without field strictly forbidden—were observed. Several He patterns become similar to hydrogen patterns, which means they are nearly symmetric and show in higher fields nearly linear Stark shifts. The applied fields are high enough that patterns belonging to neighboring principal quantum numbers (for $n > 6$ ) begin to overlap, which leads to interesting level-anticrossing effects. The experimental results are compared with numerical calculations, taking into account mixing between states of different principal quantum numbers and between singlet and triplet states. The agreement between experimental and theoretical results is quite good.

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Term	Energy	Term	Energy
$9 {}^{1}S$	196912.903	$10 {}^{1}S$	197182.066
$9 {}^{1}P$	196959.693	$10 {}^{1}P$	197216.090
$9 {}^{1}D$	196955.449	$10 {}^{1}D$	197212.990
$9 {}^{1}F$	196955.947	$10 {}^{1}F$	197213.354
$9 {}^{1}G$	196956.039	$10 {}^{1}G$	197213.421
$9 {}^{1}H$	196956.061	$10 {}^{1}H$	197213.437
$9 {}^{1}I$	196956.068	$10 {}^{1}I$	197213.442
$9 {}^{1}K$	196956.071	$10 {}^{1}K$	197213.444

	Term
$n$	${}^{1}S$	${}^{1}P$	${}^{1}D$	${}^{1}F$
11	197380.44	197405.87	197403.62	197403.89
12	197530.68	197550.24	197548.54	197548.76
13	197647.38	197662.63	197661.22	197661.50
14	197739.67	197751.82	197750.75	197750.92
15	197813.95	197823.79	197822.96	197823.15
16	197874.90	197882.82	197882.01	197882.01

Transition	$2 {}^{1}S - 3 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}S - 3 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}S - 3 {}^{1}D$
Wavelength (Å)	5378.50	5015.68	5042.09
Intensity (this work)	2	$5 / 5$	$4 / 4$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	$> 1400$	$> 1400 / > 1400$	$> 1400 / > 1400$

Transition	$2 {}^{1}P - 3 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}P - 3 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}S - 3 {}^{1}D$
Wavelength (Å)	7281.35	6631.90	6678.16
Intensity (this work)	5	$4 / 5$	$4 / 5 / 4$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	$> 700$	$1500 / > 1600$	$> 1600 / > 1600 / > 1600$

Transition	$2 {}^{1}S - 4 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}S - 4 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}S - 4 {}^{1}D$	$2 {}^{1}S - 4 {}^{1}F$
Wavelength (Å)	4053.55	3964.73	3972.02	3971.16
Intensity (this work)	4	$4 / 5$	$4 / 2$	$5 / 4$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	1400	$1050 / 1050$	$1400 / 850$	$> 1400 / 1150$

Transition	$2 {}^{1}P - 4 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}P - 4 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}P - 4 {}^{1}D$	$2 {}^{1}P - 4 {}^{1}F$
Wavelength (Å)	5047.74	4910.75	4921.93	4920.61
Intensity (this work)	4	$4 / 5$	$4 / 4 / 4$	$4 / 2 / 2$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	1100	$1050 / 1200$	$1200 / 1300 / 1300$	$1400 / 1110 / 400$

Transition	$2 {}^{1}S - 5 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}S - 5 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}S - 5 {}^{1}D$	$2 {}^{1}S - 5 {}^{1}F$	$2 {}^{1}S - 5 {}^{1}G$
Wavelength (Å)	3650.45	3613.64	3616.80	3616.43	3616.37
Intensity (this work)	5	$3 / 3$	3	$5 / 1$	$3 / 4$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	600	$380 / 410$	600	$600 / 410$	$410 / 550$

Transition	$2 {}^{1}P - 5 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}P - 5 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}P - 5 {}^{1}D$	$2 {}^{1}P - 5 {}^{1}F$	$2 {}^{1}P - 5 {}^{1}G$
Wavelength (Å)	4437.55	4383.28	4387.93	4387.38	4387.29
Intensity (this work)	3	$4 / 5$	$3 / 5 / 4$	$2 / 2 / 4$	$2 / 1 / 4$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	660	$380 / 460$	$580 / 660 / 580$	$560 / 560 / 660$	$580 / 380 / 580$

Transition	$2 {}^{1}S - 6 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}S - 6 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}S - 6 {}^{1}D$	$2 {}^{1}S - 6 {}^{1}F$	$2 {}^{1}S - 6 {}^{1}G$	$2 {}^{1}S - 6 {}^{1}H$
Wavelength (Å)	3466.72	3447.59	3449.27	3449.07	3449.06	3449.05
Intensity (this work)	5	$3 / 3$	$3 / 1$	$4 / 1$	$1 / 1$	$3 / 3$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	320	$175 / 200$	$320 / 320$	$320 / 150$	$195 / 260$	$220 / 195$

Transition	$2 {}^{1}P - 6 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}P - 6 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}P - 6 {}^{1}D$	$2 {}^{1}P - 6 {}^{1}F$	$2 {}^{1}P - 6 {}^{1}G$	$2 {}^{1}P - 6 {}^{1}H$
Wavelength (Å)	4168.97	4141.33	4143.76	4143.47	4143.42	4143.41
Intensity (this work)	4	$4 / 4$	$2 / 5 / 3$	$3 / 3 / 3$	$3 / 1 / 1$	$1 / 2 / 2$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	310	$175 / 225$	$140 / 340 / 310$	$310 / 250 / 360$	$215 / 225 / 40$	$60 / 200 / 260$

Transition	$2 {}^{1}S - 7 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}S - 7 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}S - 7 {}^{1}D$	$2 {}^{1}S - 7 {}^{1}F$
Wavelength (Å)	3365.87	3354.55	3355.56	3355.45
Intensity (this work)	5	$2 / 2$	$2 / 1$	3
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	175	$85 / 100$	$175 / 175$	175
Transition	$2 {}^{1}S - 7 {}^{1}G$	$2 {}^{1}S - 7 {}^{1}H$	$2 {}^{1}S - 7 {}^{1}I$
Wavelength (Å)	3355.42	3355.42	3355.42
Intensity (this work)	$1 / 1$	$1 / 2$	$2 / 2$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	$175 / 80$	$100 / 130$	$100 / 100$

Transition	$2 {}^{1}P - 7 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}P - 7 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}P - 7 {}^{1}D$	$2 {}^{1}P - 7 {}^{1}F$
Wavelength (Å)	4023.98	4007.82	4009.26	4009.09
Intensity (this work)	3	$3 / 4$	5	2
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	190	$82 / 110$	190	(45)
Transition	$2 {}^{1}P - 7 {}^{1}G$	$2 {}^{1}P - 7 {}^{1}H$	$2 {}^{1}P - 7 {}^{1}I$
Wavelength (Å)	4009.06	4009.05	4009.05
Intensity (this work)	2	2	$1 / 1 / 1$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	(50)	65	$85 / 85 / 130$

Transition	$2 {}^{1}S - 8 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}S - 8 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}S - 8 {}^{1}D$	$2 {}^{1}S - 8 {}^{1}F$
Wavelength (Å)	3304.06	3296.77	3297.43	3297.35
Intensity (this work)	5	1	$2 / 3$	2
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	85	40	$85 / 95$	95
Transition	$2 {}^{1}S - 8 {}^{1}G$	$2 {}^{1}S - 8 {}^{1}H$	$2 {}^{1}S - 8 {}^{1}I$	$2 {}^{1}S - 8 {}^{1}K$
Wavelength (Å)	3297.34	3297.33	3297.33	3297.33
Intensity (this work)	2	—	2	2
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	60	—	35	30

Transition	$2 {}^{1}P - 8 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}P - 8 {}^{1}P$	$2 {}^{1}P - 8 {}^{1}D$	$2 {}^{1}P - 8 {}^{1}F$
Wavelength (Å)	3935.95	3925.62	3926.54	3926.44
Intensity (this work)	3	$3 / 3$	$5 / 1$	$3 / 3$
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	—	—	—	—
Transition	$2 {}^{1}P - 8 {}^{1}G$	$2 {}^{1}P - 8 {}^{1}H$	$2 {}^{1}P - 8 {}^{1}I$	$2 {}^{1}P - 8 {}^{1}K$
Wavelength (Å)	3926.42	3926.41	3926.41	3926.41
Intensity (this work)	1	—	—	—
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	—	—	—	—

Transition	$2 {}^{1}S - 9 {}^{1}S$	$2 {}^{1}S - 9 {}^{1}P$
Wavelength (Å)	3263.25	3258.27
Intensity (this work)	5	—
$F_{\max}$ ( $kV / cm$ )	40	—

Abstract

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Tables (15)

Equations (17)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B