The absolute scale of the second-order nonlinear-optical coefficients of several important nonlinear-optical materials has been obtained with improved accuracy. Second-harmonic generation, parametric fluorescence, and difference-frequency generation measurements have been made at several wavelengths in the near-infrared region. The second-harmonic generation measurement was performed at the fundamental wavelengths of 1.548, 1.533, 1.313, 1.064, and 0.852 µm. The materials measured included congruent
quartz, GaAs, GaP, α-ZnS, CdS, ZnSe, and CdTe. We made the parametric fluorescence measurement to determine the nonlinear-optical coefficients of congruent and at pump wavelengths of 0.532 and 0.488 µm. We made the difference-frequency generation measurement for congruent at a pump wavelength of 0.532 µm. The second-harmonic generation, parametric fluorescence, and difference-frequency generation measurements yielded consistent data on the nonlinear-optical coefficients of the materials. We found that many of the currently accepted standard values are overestimated because of neglect of the multiple-reflection effect in (nearly) plane-parallel-plate samples. The dispersion of the nonlinear-optical coefficients showed that Miller’s Δ is barely constant over the wavelength range measured and thus that Miller’s rule is not so good as other methods for wavelength scaling of the nonlinear-optical coefficients.
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Second-harmonic wavelength or pump wavelength (in µm) is shown in parentheses.
Relative SHG values are rescaled with (0.532 µm).10,11
Ref. 2.
Ref. 3.
Roberts’s recommendation11 is adopted in indicating the tensor (see Section 3).
Ref. 4.
Ref. 5.
Ref. 6.
Ref. 7.
Ref. 8.
Ref. 9.
Table 2
Summary of Reported Values of Nonlinear-Optical Coefficients of LiNbO3 (in pm/V)a
The wavelengths shown are the fundamental wavelengths for SHG or the pump wavelengths for PF (denoted ).
Relative SHG values are rescaled with 11
Relative SHG values are rescaled with 10,11
Relative SHG values are rescaled with 10,11
Relative SHG values are rescaled with 7
Table 3
Methods and Wavelengths for Determination of Nonlinear-Optical Coefficients of Congruent a
Wavelength
Coefficient
1.313 µm
1.064 µm
0.532 µm
0.488 µm
0.852 µm
SHG (Abs.)
SHG (Abs., Rel.)
SHG (Abs.)
SHG (Abs.)
SHG (Rel.)
DFG (Abs.)
PF (Abs.)
PF (Abs.)
SHG (Abs.)
Abs., Rel., absolute and relative measurements, respectively. The wavelengths shown are the fundamental wavelengths for SHG or the pump wavelengths for PF and DFG (denoted ).
Table 4
Congruent LiNbO3 Wedge Samples Used in the SHG Measurements
Second-harmonic wavelength or pump wavelength (in µm) is shown in parentheses.
Relative SHG values are rescaled with (0.532 µm).10,11
Ref. 2.
Ref. 3.
Roberts’s recommendation11 is adopted in indicating the tensor (see Section 3).
Ref. 4.
Ref. 5.
Ref. 6.
Ref. 7.
Ref. 8.
Ref. 9.
Table 2
Summary of Reported Values of Nonlinear-Optical Coefficients of LiNbO3 (in pm/V)a
The wavelengths shown are the fundamental wavelengths for SHG or the pump wavelengths for PF (denoted ).
Relative SHG values are rescaled with 11
Relative SHG values are rescaled with 10,11
Relative SHG values are rescaled with 10,11
Relative SHG values are rescaled with 7
Table 3
Methods and Wavelengths for Determination of Nonlinear-Optical Coefficients of Congruent a
Wavelength
Coefficient
1.313 µm
1.064 µm
0.532 µm
0.488 µm
0.852 µm
SHG (Abs.)
SHG (Abs., Rel.)
SHG (Abs.)
SHG (Abs.)
SHG (Rel.)
DFG (Abs.)
PF (Abs.)
PF (Abs.)
SHG (Abs.)
Abs., Rel., absolute and relative measurements, respectively. The wavelengths shown are the fundamental wavelengths for SHG or the pump wavelengths for PF and DFG (denoted ).
Table 4
Congruent LiNbO3 Wedge Samples Used in the SHG Measurements