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Diffraction analysis of three-dimensional volume gratings with arbitrary boundaries

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Abstract

On the basis of two-dimensional coupled-wave theory, the diffraction of finite bounded beams with arbitrary profiles by nonuniform, arbitrarily bounded mixed volume gratings is described, taking into account deviations from the Bragg condition, attenuation of the modulation depth, and constant absorption. The resulting differential equations are solved numerically with a two-dimensional Runge–Kutta method. The quality of the diffracted beam is influenced strongly by the deviation from the Bragg case. Planar finite gratings in contrast to crossed-beam gratings, show a smoothing effect of the diffraction characteristics. This is also found for crossed-beam gratings with a moderate attenuation. It is demonstrated that the amplitude profiles of the grating writing beams and the readout beams have a strong influence on the intensity profiles of the diffracted beams.

© 1989 Optical Society of America

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