Zheng Huang, Qiang Liu, Michael R. Pointer, Wei Chen, Ying Liu, and Yu Wang, "Color quality evaluation of Chinese bronzeware in typical museum lighting," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 37, A170-A180 (2020)
A series of psychophysical experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of light sources on the color appearance of Chinese bronzeware. Three groups of 30 observers were asked to evaluate a set of Chinese bronzeware under different light sources in three paired-comparison experiments—one group of observers for each experiment. The visual attributes of color preference, color comfort, color discrimination, and antiquity were scaled. A panel of seven light sources of 3000 K, with Duv values ranging from $ - {0}.{015}$ to 0.015, was used in Experiment 1. A second panel of seven light sources of 4000 K, with a similar range of Duv values, was used in Experiment 2. For Experiment 3, six light sources were chosen from Exps. 1 and 2, plus four lights of 2700 K, 3300 K, 3700 K, and 4300 K, with Duv values of zero. These experimental lights produced a constant illuminance of approximately 200 lux in a pair of viewing booths, and their color rendering indices were between 88 and 95. The results showed that the subjective judgments for color preference and color comfort were highly correlated while the whiteness of the lighting strongly influenced the perception of color preference, comfort, and discrimination. A light source of 4000 K with a Duv value of zero exhibited the best color preference and color comfort performance, while observers were found to show the greatest capability for color discrimination under a light source of 4000 K with a Duv value of $ - {0}.{015}$. In addition, the bronzeware appeared to have greatest antiquity when illuminated by a 3000 K light source with a Duv value equal to 0.005. Based on the psychophysical data, the performance of typical color quality metrics were also tested in relation to the four scaled visual attributes.
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(${ x}$, ${ y}$), CIE 1931 chromaticity; (${{ u}^\prime}$, ${{ v}^\prime }$), CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinates; Duv, the distance from the test chromaticity coordinates to the Planckian locus; CRI(Ra). the CIE General Color Rendering Index [16]; GAI, Gamut Area Index [17]; Qa, Qf, Qp, Qg, Color Quality Scale (CQS) [18]; FSCI, Full Spectrum Color Index [19]; CPI, Color Preference Index [20]; FCI, Feeling of Contrast Index [21]; CDI, Color Discrimination Index [22]; CSA, Cone Surface Area [23]; CRI-CAM02UCS, CRI computed in CAM02UCS color space [24]; CRI2012, an updated version of CRI [25]; MCRI, Memory Color Rendering Index [26]; Rf and Rg, IESNA TM-30 metrics [27]; $\Delta {\rm C}*$, mean chroma shift of CQS [7,28,29]; CQI and CQI’, two combined metrics named Color Quality Index [28,29]; GAI-RA, the arithmetic mean value of GAI and CRI [5,30]; GVI, Gamut Volume Index [31]; ${{ S}_{{\rm neutral}}}$, Degree of neutrality [32]; WS, White Sensation [33]; Percent tint, a metric describing the amount of tint for lighting [34]; DSI, Daylight Spectrum Index [35]; CIE-Rf, CIE 2017 color fidelity index [36,37]; CSD, cone sensitivity difference [11]. For detailed information of those measures, the reader is referred to the cited articles.
Table 2.
Colorimetric Properties and Corresponding Values of Color Quality Metrics of the Light Sources (#10 to #18)
(${ x}$, ${ y}$), CIE 1931 chromaticity; (${{ u}^\prime}$, ${{ v}^\prime }$), CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinates; Duv, the distance from the test chromaticity coordinates to the Planckian locus; CRI(Ra). the CIE General Color Rendering Index [16]; GAI, Gamut Area Index [17]; Qa, Qf, Qp, Qg, Color Quality Scale (CQS) [18]; FSCI, Full Spectrum Color Index [19]; CPI, Color Preference Index [20]; FCI, Feeling of Contrast Index [21]; CDI, Color Discrimination Index [22]; CSA, Cone Surface Area [23]; CRI-CAM02UCS, CRI computed in CAM02UCS color space [24]; CRI2012, an updated version of CRI [25]; MCRI, Memory Color Rendering Index [26]; Rf and Rg, IESNA TM-30 metrics [27]; $\Delta {\rm C}*$, mean chroma shift of CQS [7,28,29]; CQI and CQI’, two combined metrics named Color Quality Index [28,29]; GAI-RA, the arithmetic mean value of GAI and CRI [5,30]; GVI, Gamut Volume Index [31]; ${{ S}_{{\rm neutral}}}$, Degree of neutrality [32]; WS, White Sensation [33]; Percent tint, a metric describing the amount of tint for lighting [34]; DSI, Daylight Spectrum Index [35]; CIE-Rf, CIE 2017 color fidelity index [36,37]; CSD, cone sensitivity difference [11]. For detailed information of those measures, the reader is referred to the cited articles.
Table 3.
Details of the Light Sources Selected for Study in Exp. 3
(${ x}$, ${ y}$), CIE 1931 chromaticity; (${{ u}^\prime}$, ${{ v}^\prime }$), CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinates; Duv, the distance from the test chromaticity coordinates to the Planckian locus; CRI(Ra). the CIE General Color Rendering Index [16]; GAI, Gamut Area Index [17]; Qa, Qf, Qp, Qg, Color Quality Scale (CQS) [18]; FSCI, Full Spectrum Color Index [19]; CPI, Color Preference Index [20]; FCI, Feeling of Contrast Index [21]; CDI, Color Discrimination Index [22]; CSA, Cone Surface Area [23]; CRI-CAM02UCS, CRI computed in CAM02UCS color space [24]; CRI2012, an updated version of CRI [25]; MCRI, Memory Color Rendering Index [26]; Rf and Rg, IESNA TM-30 metrics [27]; $\Delta {\rm C}*$, mean chroma shift of CQS [7,28,29]; CQI and CQI’, two combined metrics named Color Quality Index [28,29]; GAI-RA, the arithmetic mean value of GAI and CRI [5,30]; GVI, Gamut Volume Index [31]; ${{ S}_{{\rm neutral}}}$, Degree of neutrality [32]; WS, White Sensation [33]; Percent tint, a metric describing the amount of tint for lighting [34]; DSI, Daylight Spectrum Index [35]; CIE-Rf, CIE 2017 color fidelity index [36,37]; CSD, cone sensitivity difference [11]. For detailed information of those measures, the reader is referred to the cited articles.
Table 2.
Colorimetric Properties and Corresponding Values of Color Quality Metrics of the Light Sources (#10 to #18)
(${ x}$, ${ y}$), CIE 1931 chromaticity; (${{ u}^\prime}$, ${{ v}^\prime }$), CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinates; Duv, the distance from the test chromaticity coordinates to the Planckian locus; CRI(Ra). the CIE General Color Rendering Index [16]; GAI, Gamut Area Index [17]; Qa, Qf, Qp, Qg, Color Quality Scale (CQS) [18]; FSCI, Full Spectrum Color Index [19]; CPI, Color Preference Index [20]; FCI, Feeling of Contrast Index [21]; CDI, Color Discrimination Index [22]; CSA, Cone Surface Area [23]; CRI-CAM02UCS, CRI computed in CAM02UCS color space [24]; CRI2012, an updated version of CRI [25]; MCRI, Memory Color Rendering Index [26]; Rf and Rg, IESNA TM-30 metrics [27]; $\Delta {\rm C}*$, mean chroma shift of CQS [7,28,29]; CQI and CQI’, two combined metrics named Color Quality Index [28,29]; GAI-RA, the arithmetic mean value of GAI and CRI [5,30]; GVI, Gamut Volume Index [31]; ${{ S}_{{\rm neutral}}}$, Degree of neutrality [32]; WS, White Sensation [33]; Percent tint, a metric describing the amount of tint for lighting [34]; DSI, Daylight Spectrum Index [35]; CIE-Rf, CIE 2017 color fidelity index [36,37]; CSD, cone sensitivity difference [11]. For detailed information of those measures, the reader is referred to the cited articles.
Table 3.
Details of the Light Sources Selected for Study in Exp. 3
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