Abstract

We study the optical coupling between a gold nanowire and a silver ion-exchanged waveguide, with special emphasis on the nanowire antenna radiation pattern. We measure the radiation patterns of waveguide-coupled gold nanowires with a height of 70 nm and width of 50 or 150 nm in the 450–700 nm spectral range for TE and TM polarizations. We perform a systematic theoretical study on the wavelength, polarization, nanowire size, and material dependences on the properties of the radiation pattern. We also give some elements concerning absorption and near-field. Experiments and calculations show localized plasmon resonance for the polarization orthogonal to the wire (far-field resonance at 580 nm for the smallest wire and 670 nm for the widest). It is shown that a great variety of radiation patterns can be obtained, together with a high sensitivity to a change of one parameter, particularly near-resonance.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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2011 (3)

F. Degirmenci, I. Bulu, P. Deotare, M. Khan, M. Loncar, and F. Capasso, “Waveguide integrated plasmonic platform for sensing and spectroscopy,” Proc. SPIE 7941, 794117 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. Tervonen, B. West, and S. Honkanen, “Ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology: a review,” Opt. Eng. 50, 071107 (2011).
[Crossref]

H. Hattori, Z. Li, and D. Liu, “Driving plasmonic nanoantennas with triangular lasers and slot waveguides,” Appl. Opt. 50, 2391–2400 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (5)

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

K. Strelau, R. Kretschmer, R. Möller, W. Fritzsche, and J. Popp, “SERS as tool for the analysis of DNA-chips in a microfluidic platform,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396, 1381–1384 (2010).
[Crossref]

C. Delacour, S. Blaize, P. Grosse, J. Fedeli, A. Bruyant, R. Salas-Montiel, G. Lerondel, and A. Chelnokov, “Efficient directional coupling between silicon and copper plasmonic nanoslot waveguides: toward metal-oxide-silicon nanophotonics,” Nano Lett. 10, 2922–2926 (2010).
[Crossref]

W. Ewe, H. Chu, E. Li, and B. Luk’yanchuk, “Field enhancement of gold optical nanoantennas mounted on a dielectric waveguide,” Appl. Phys. A 100, 315–319 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. Alù and N. Engheta, “Wireless at the nanoscale: optical interconnects using matched nanoantennas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 213902 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (2)

2008 (2)

A. Politi, M. Cryan, J. Rarity, S. Yu, and J. O’Brien, “Silica-on-silicon waveguide quantum circuits,” Science 320, 646–649 (2008).
[Crossref]

M. Righini, G. Volpe, C. Girard, D. Petrov, and R. Quidant, “Surface plasmon optical tweezers: tunable optical manipulation in the femtonewton range,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 186804 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (5)

J. Broquin, “Glass integrated optics: state of the art and position toward other technologies,” Proc. SPIE 6475, 647507 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Vial and T. Laroche, “Description of dispersion properties of metals by means of the critical points model and application to the study of resonant structures using the FDTD method,” J. Phys. D 40, 7152 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Li and N. Engheta, “Core-shell nanowire optical antennas fed by slab waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 55, 3018–3026 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. Yu, D. Chang, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).
[Crossref]

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (2)

2005 (1)

H. Wang, F. Tam, N. Grady, and N. Halas, “Cu nanoshells: effects of interband transitions on the nanoparticle plasmon resonance,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 18218–18222 (2005).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

M. Beversluis, A. Bouhelier, and L. Novotny, “Continuum generation from single gold nanostructures through near-field mediated intraband transitions,” Phys. Rev. B 68, 115433 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

P. Taneja, P. Ayyub, and R. Chandra, “Size dependence of the optical spectrum in nanocrystalline silver,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 245412 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

2000 (1)

1997 (1)

L. Novotny, R. Bian, and X. Xie, “Theory of nanometric optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 645–648 (1997).
[Crossref]

1995 (1)

1977 (1)

1972 (1)

P. Johnson and R. Christy, “Optical constants of the noble metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Akimov, A.

A. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. Yu, D. Chang, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).
[Crossref]

Alù, A.

A. Alù and N. Engheta, “Wireless at the nanoscale: optical interconnects using matched nanoantennas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 213902 (2010).
[Crossref]

Ayyub, P.

P. Taneja, P. Ayyub, and R. Chandra, “Size dependence of the optical spectrum in nanocrystalline silver,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 245412 (2002).
[Crossref]

Benech, P.

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Beversluis, M.

M. Beversluis, A. Bouhelier, and L. Novotny, “Continuum generation from single gold nanostructures through near-field mediated intraband transitions,” Phys. Rev. B 68, 115433 (2003).
[Crossref]

Bian, R.

L. Novotny, R. Bian, and X. Xie, “Theory of nanometric optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 645–648 (1997).
[Crossref]

Blaize, S.

C. Delacour, S. Blaize, P. Grosse, J. Fedeli, A. Bruyant, R. Salas-Montiel, G. Lerondel, and A. Chelnokov, “Efficient directional coupling between silicon and copper plasmonic nanoslot waveguides: toward metal-oxide-silicon nanophotonics,” Nano Lett. 10, 2922–2926 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Bouhelier, A.

M. Beversluis, A. Bouhelier, and L. Novotny, “Continuum generation from single gold nanostructures through near-field mediated intraband transitions,” Phys. Rev. B 68, 115433 (2003).
[Crossref]

Broquin, J.

J. Broquin, “Glass integrated optics: state of the art and position toward other technologies,” Proc. SPIE 6475, 647507 (2007).
[Crossref]

Bruyant, A.

C. Delacour, S. Blaize, P. Grosse, J. Fedeli, A. Bruyant, R. Salas-Montiel, G. Lerondel, and A. Chelnokov, “Efficient directional coupling between silicon and copper plasmonic nanoslot waveguides: toward metal-oxide-silicon nanophotonics,” Nano Lett. 10, 2922–2926 (2010).
[Crossref]

Bulu, I.

F. Degirmenci, I. Bulu, P. Deotare, M. Khan, M. Loncar, and F. Capasso, “Waveguide integrated plasmonic platform for sensing and spectroscopy,” Proc. SPIE 7941, 794117 (2011).
[Crossref]

Capasso, F.

F. Degirmenci, I. Bulu, P. Deotare, M. Khan, M. Loncar, and F. Capasso, “Waveguide integrated plasmonic platform for sensing and spectroscopy,” Proc. SPIE 7941, 794117 (2011).
[Crossref]

E. Cubukcu, E. Kort, K. Crozier, and F. Capasso, “Plasmonic laser antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 093120 (2006).
[Crossref]

Chandra, R.

P. Taneja, P. Ayyub, and R. Chandra, “Size dependence of the optical spectrum in nanocrystalline silver,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 245412 (2002).
[Crossref]

Chang, D.

A. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. Yu, D. Chang, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).
[Crossref]

Chelnokov, A.

C. Delacour, S. Blaize, P. Grosse, J. Fedeli, A. Bruyant, R. Salas-Montiel, G. Lerondel, and A. Chelnokov, “Efficient directional coupling between silicon and copper plasmonic nanoslot waveguides: toward metal-oxide-silicon nanophotonics,” Nano Lett. 10, 2922–2926 (2010).
[Crossref]

Christy, R.

P. Johnson and R. Christy, “Optical constants of the noble metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Chu, H.

W. Ewe, H. Chu, E. Li, and B. Luk’yanchuk, “Field enhancement of gold optical nanoantennas mounted on a dielectric waveguide,” Appl. Phys. A 100, 315–319 (2010).
[Crossref]

Crozier, K.

E. Cubukcu, E. Kort, K. Crozier, and F. Capasso, “Plasmonic laser antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 093120 (2006).
[Crossref]

Cryan, M.

A. Politi, M. Cryan, J. Rarity, S. Yu, and J. O’Brien, “Silica-on-silicon waveguide quantum circuits,” Science 320, 646–649 (2008).
[Crossref]

Cubukcu, E.

E. Cubukcu, E. Kort, K. Crozier, and F. Capasso, “Plasmonic laser antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 093120 (2006).
[Crossref]

Custillon, G.

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

Degirmenci, F.

F. Degirmenci, I. Bulu, P. Deotare, M. Khan, M. Loncar, and F. Capasso, “Waveguide integrated plasmonic platform for sensing and spectroscopy,” Proc. SPIE 7941, 794117 (2011).
[Crossref]

Delacour, C.

C. Delacour, S. Blaize, P. Grosse, J. Fedeli, A. Bruyant, R. Salas-Montiel, G. Lerondel, and A. Chelnokov, “Efficient directional coupling between silicon and copper plasmonic nanoslot waveguides: toward metal-oxide-silicon nanophotonics,” Nano Lett. 10, 2922–2926 (2010).
[Crossref]

Deotare, P.

F. Degirmenci, I. Bulu, P. Deotare, M. Khan, M. Loncar, and F. Capasso, “Waveguide integrated plasmonic platform for sensing and spectroscopy,” Proc. SPIE 7941, 794117 (2011).
[Crossref]

Engheta, N.

A. Alù and N. Engheta, “Wireless at the nanoscale: optical interconnects using matched nanoantennas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 213902 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. Li and N. Engheta, “Core-shell nanowire optical antennas fed by slab waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 55, 3018–3026 (2007).
[Crossref]

Ewe, W.

W. Ewe, H. Chu, E. Li, and B. Luk’yanchuk, “Field enhancement of gold optical nanoantennas mounted on a dielectric waveguide,” Appl. Phys. A 100, 315–319 (2010).
[Crossref]

Fedeli, J.

C. Delacour, S. Blaize, P. Grosse, J. Fedeli, A. Bruyant, R. Salas-Montiel, G. Lerondel, and A. Chelnokov, “Efficient directional coupling between silicon and copper plasmonic nanoslot waveguides: toward metal-oxide-silicon nanophotonics,” Nano Lett. 10, 2922–2926 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Ferrand, J.

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

Fritzsche, W.

K. Strelau, R. Kretschmer, R. Möller, W. Fritzsche, and J. Popp, “SERS as tool for the analysis of DNA-chips in a microfluidic platform,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396, 1381–1384 (2010).
[Crossref]

Gaylord, T.

Ghosh, G.

E. Palik and G. Ghosh, Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids (Academic, 1998), Vol. 3.

Girard, C.

M. Righini, G. Volpe, C. Girard, D. Petrov, and R. Quidant, “Surface plasmon optical tweezers: tunable optical manipulation in the femtonewton range,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 186804 (2008).
[Crossref]

Gonthiez, T.

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

Grady, N.

H. Wang, F. Tam, N. Grady, and N. Halas, “Cu nanoshells: effects of interband transitions on the nanoparticle plasmon resonance,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 18218–18222 (2005).
[Crossref]

Grann, E.

Grosse, P.

C. Delacour, S. Blaize, P. Grosse, J. Fedeli, A. Bruyant, R. Salas-Montiel, G. Lerondel, and A. Chelnokov, “Efficient directional coupling between silicon and copper plasmonic nanoslot waveguides: toward metal-oxide-silicon nanophotonics,” Nano Lett. 10, 2922–2926 (2010).
[Crossref]

Halas, N.

H. Wang, F. Tam, N. Grady, and N. Halas, “Cu nanoshells: effects of interband transitions on the nanoparticle plasmon resonance,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 18218–18222 (2005).
[Crossref]

Hattori, H.

Hemmer, P.

A. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. Yu, D. Chang, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).
[Crossref]

Honkanen, S.

A. Tervonen, B. West, and S. Honkanen, “Ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology: a review,” Opt. Eng. 50, 071107 (2011).
[Crossref]

Johnson, P.

P. Johnson and R. Christy, “Optical constants of the noble metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Kern, P.

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Khan, M.

F. Degirmenci, I. Bulu, P. Deotare, M. Khan, M. Loncar, and F. Capasso, “Waveguide integrated plasmonic platform for sensing and spectroscopy,” Proc. SPIE 7941, 794117 (2011).
[Crossref]

Kim, D.

Kim, K.

Kort, E.

E. Cubukcu, E. Kort, K. Crozier, and F. Capasso, “Plasmonic laser antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 093120 (2006).
[Crossref]

Kretschmer, R.

K. Strelau, R. Kretschmer, R. Möller, W. Fritzsche, and J. Popp, “SERS as tool for the analysis of DNA-chips in a microfluidic platform,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396, 1381–1384 (2010).
[Crossref]

Kunz, R.

Lalanne, P.

Laroche, T.

A. Vial and T. Laroche, “Description of dispersion properties of metals by means of the critical points model and application to the study of resonant structures using the FDTD method,” J. Phys. D 40, 7152 (2007).
[Crossref]

Le Coarer, E.

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Leblond, G.

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Lee, L.

Lerondel, G.

C. Delacour, S. Blaize, P. Grosse, J. Fedeli, A. Bruyant, R. Salas-Montiel, G. Lerondel, and A. Chelnokov, “Efficient directional coupling between silicon and copper plasmonic nanoslot waveguides: toward metal-oxide-silicon nanophotonics,” Nano Lett. 10, 2922–2926 (2010).
[Crossref]

Lérondel, G.

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Li, E.

W. Ewe, H. Chu, E. Li, and B. Luk’yanchuk, “Field enhancement of gold optical nanoantennas mounted on a dielectric waveguide,” Appl. Phys. A 100, 315–319 (2010).
[Crossref]

Li, J.

J. Li and N. Engheta, “Core-shell nanowire optical antennas fed by slab waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 55, 3018–3026 (2007).
[Crossref]

Li, Z.

Liu, D.

Loncar, M.

F. Degirmenci, I. Bulu, P. Deotare, M. Khan, M. Loncar, and F. Capasso, “Waveguide integrated plasmonic platform for sensing and spectroscopy,” Proc. SPIE 7941, 794117 (2011).
[Crossref]

Luk’yanchuk, B.

W. Ewe, H. Chu, E. Li, and B. Luk’yanchuk, “Field enhancement of gold optical nanoantennas mounted on a dielectric waveguide,” Appl. Phys. A 100, 315–319 (2010).
[Crossref]

Lukin, M.

A. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. Yu, D. Chang, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).
[Crossref]

Lukosz, W.

Martin, O.

Moharam, M.

Möller, R.

K. Strelau, R. Kretschmer, R. Möller, W. Fritzsche, and J. Popp, “SERS as tool for the analysis of DNA-chips in a microfluidic platform,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396, 1381–1384 (2010).
[Crossref]

Morand, A.

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Moulin, T.

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

Mukherjee, A.

A. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. Yu, D. Chang, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).
[Crossref]

Neviere, M.

M. Neviere and E. Popov, Light Propagation in Periodic Media: Differential Theory and Design (Marcel Dekker, 2003).

Novotny, L.

M. Beversluis, A. Bouhelier, and L. Novotny, “Continuum generation from single gold nanostructures through near-field mediated intraband transitions,” Phys. Rev. B 68, 115433 (2003).
[Crossref]

L. Novotny, R. Bian, and X. Xie, “Theory of nanometric optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 645–648 (1997).
[Crossref]

O’Brien, J.

A. Politi, M. Cryan, J. Rarity, S. Yu, and J. O’Brien, “Silica-on-silicon waveguide quantum circuits,” Science 320, 646–649 (2008).
[Crossref]

Palik, E.

E. Palik and G. Ghosh, Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids (Academic, 1998), Vol. 3.

Park, H.

A. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. Yu, D. Chang, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).
[Crossref]

Paulus, M.

Peschel, U.

Petrov, D.

M. Righini, G. Volpe, C. Girard, D. Petrov, and R. Quidant, “Surface plasmon optical tweezers: tunable optical manipulation in the femtonewton range,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 186804 (2008).
[Crossref]

Politi, A.

A. Politi, M. Cryan, J. Rarity, S. Yu, and J. O’Brien, “Silica-on-silicon waveguide quantum circuits,” Science 320, 646–649 (2008).
[Crossref]

Pommet, D.

Popov, E.

M. Neviere and E. Popov, Light Propagation in Periodic Media: Differential Theory and Design (Marcel Dekker, 2003).

Popp, J.

K. Strelau, R. Kretschmer, R. Möller, W. Fritzsche, and J. Popp, “SERS as tool for the analysis of DNA-chips in a microfluidic platform,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396, 1381–1384 (2010).
[Crossref]

Quidant, R.

M. Righini, G. Volpe, C. Girard, D. Petrov, and R. Quidant, “Surface plasmon optical tweezers: tunable optical manipulation in the femtonewton range,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 186804 (2008).
[Crossref]

Rarity, J.

A. Politi, M. Cryan, J. Rarity, S. Yu, and J. O’Brien, “Silica-on-silicon waveguide quantum circuits,” Science 320, 646–649 (2008).
[Crossref]

Righini, M.

M. Righini, G. Volpe, C. Girard, D. Petrov, and R. Quidant, “Surface plasmon optical tweezers: tunable optical manipulation in the femtonewton range,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 186804 (2008).
[Crossref]

Romanov, S.

Ross, B.

Royer, P.

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Salas-Montiel, R.

C. Delacour, S. Blaize, P. Grosse, J. Fedeli, A. Bruyant, R. Salas-Montiel, G. Lerondel, and A. Chelnokov, “Efficient directional coupling between silicon and copper plasmonic nanoslot waveguides: toward metal-oxide-silicon nanophotonics,” Nano Lett. 10, 2922–2926 (2010).
[Crossref]

Silberstein, E.

Stefanon, I.

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Strelau, K.

K. Strelau, R. Kretschmer, R. Möller, W. Fritzsche, and J. Popp, “SERS as tool for the analysis of DNA-chips in a microfluidic platform,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396, 1381–1384 (2010).
[Crossref]

Tam, F.

H. Wang, F. Tam, N. Grady, and N. Halas, “Cu nanoshells: effects of interband transitions on the nanoparticle plasmon resonance,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 18218–18222 (2005).
[Crossref]

Taneja, P.

P. Taneja, P. Ayyub, and R. Chandra, “Size dependence of the optical spectrum in nanocrystalline silver,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 245412 (2002).
[Crossref]

Tervonen, A.

A. Tervonen, B. West, and S. Honkanen, “Ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology: a review,” Opt. Eng. 50, 071107 (2011).
[Crossref]

Thomas, F.

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

Vial, A.

A. Vial and T. Laroche, “Description of dispersion properties of metals by means of the critical points model and application to the study of resonant structures using the FDTD method,” J. Phys. D 40, 7152 (2007).
[Crossref]

Vo-Dinh, T.

T. Vo-Dinh, “Biosensors, nanosensors and biochips: frontiers in environmental and medical diagnostics,” in Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Micro & Nano Technology, Hawaii (2004), pp. 14–17.

Volpe, G.

M. Righini, G. Volpe, C. Girard, D. Petrov, and R. Quidant, “Surface plasmon optical tweezers: tunable optical manipulation in the femtonewton range,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 186804 (2008).
[Crossref]

Wang, H.

H. Wang, F. Tam, N. Grady, and N. Halas, “Cu nanoshells: effects of interband transitions on the nanoparticle plasmon resonance,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 18218–18222 (2005).
[Crossref]

Wen, J.

West, B.

A. Tervonen, B. West, and S. Honkanen, “Ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology: a review,” Opt. Eng. 50, 071107 (2011).
[Crossref]

Xie, X.

L. Novotny, R. Bian, and X. Xie, “Theory of nanometric optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 645–648 (1997).
[Crossref]

Yoon, S.

Yu, C.

A. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. Yu, D. Chang, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).
[Crossref]

Yu, S.

A. Politi, M. Cryan, J. Rarity, S. Yu, and J. O’Brien, “Silica-on-silicon waveguide quantum circuits,” Science 320, 646–649 (2008).
[Crossref]

Zibrov, A.

A. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. Yu, D. Chang, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).
[Crossref]

Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (1)

K. Strelau, R. Kretschmer, R. Möller, W. Fritzsche, and J. Popp, “SERS as tool for the analysis of DNA-chips in a microfluidic platform,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396, 1381–1384 (2010).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. A (1)

W. Ewe, H. Chu, E. Li, and B. Luk’yanchuk, “Field enhancement of gold optical nanoantennas mounted on a dielectric waveguide,” Appl. Phys. A 100, 315–319 (2010).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

E. Cubukcu, E. Kort, K. Crozier, and F. Capasso, “Plasmonic laser antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 093120 (2006).
[Crossref]

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. (1)

J. Li and N. Engheta, “Core-shell nanowire optical antennas fed by slab waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 55, 3018–3026 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

J. Phys. Chem. B (1)

H. Wang, F. Tam, N. Grady, and N. Halas, “Cu nanoshells: effects of interband transitions on the nanoparticle plasmon resonance,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 18218–18222 (2005).
[Crossref]

J. Phys. D (1)

A. Vial and T. Laroche, “Description of dispersion properties of metals by means of the critical points model and application to the study of resonant structures using the FDTD method,” J. Phys. D 40, 7152 (2007).
[Crossref]

Nano Lett. (1)

C. Delacour, S. Blaize, P. Grosse, J. Fedeli, A. Bruyant, R. Salas-Montiel, G. Lerondel, and A. Chelnokov, “Efficient directional coupling between silicon and copper plasmonic nanoslot waveguides: toward metal-oxide-silicon nanophotonics,” Nano Lett. 10, 2922–2926 (2010).
[Crossref]

Nat. Photonics (1)

E. Le Coarer, S. Blaize, P. Benech, I. Stefanon, A. Morand, G. Lérondel, G. Leblond, P. Kern, J. Fedeli, and P. Royer, “Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry,” Nat. Photonics 1, 473–478 (2007).
[Crossref]

Nature (1)

A. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. Yu, D. Chang, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).
[Crossref]

Opt. Eng. (1)

A. Tervonen, B. West, and S. Honkanen, “Ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology: a review,” Opt. Eng. 50, 071107 (2011).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (2)

Phys. Rev. B (3)

P. Taneja, P. Ayyub, and R. Chandra, “Size dependence of the optical spectrum in nanocrystalline silver,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 245412 (2002).
[Crossref]

M. Beversluis, A. Bouhelier, and L. Novotny, “Continuum generation from single gold nanostructures through near-field mediated intraband transitions,” Phys. Rev. B 68, 115433 (2003).
[Crossref]

P. Johnson and R. Christy, “Optical constants of the noble metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (3)

M. Righini, G. Volpe, C. Girard, D. Petrov, and R. Quidant, “Surface plasmon optical tweezers: tunable optical manipulation in the femtonewton range,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 186804 (2008).
[Crossref]

L. Novotny, R. Bian, and X. Xie, “Theory of nanometric optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 645–648 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. Alù and N. Engheta, “Wireless at the nanoscale: optical interconnects using matched nanoantennas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 213902 (2010).
[Crossref]

Proc. SPIE (3)

J. Ferrand, G. Custillon, G. Leblond, F. Thomas, T. Moulin, E. Le Coarer, A. Morand, S. Blaize, T. Gonthiez, and P. Benech, “Stationary wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (swifts),” Proc. SPIE 7604, 760414 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. Broquin, “Glass integrated optics: state of the art and position toward other technologies,” Proc. SPIE 6475, 647507 (2007).
[Crossref]

F. Degirmenci, I. Bulu, P. Deotare, M. Khan, M. Loncar, and F. Capasso, “Waveguide integrated plasmonic platform for sensing and spectroscopy,” Proc. SPIE 7941, 794117 (2011).
[Crossref]

Science (1)

A. Politi, M. Cryan, J. Rarity, S. Yu, and J. O’Brien, “Silica-on-silicon waveguide quantum circuits,” Science 320, 646–649 (2008).
[Crossref]

Other (4)

T. Vo-Dinh, “Biosensors, nanosensors and biochips: frontiers in environmental and medical diagnostics,” in Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Micro & Nano Technology, Hawaii (2004), pp. 14–17.

MONA, “A European roadmap for photonics and nanotechnologies,” 2008, http://www.ist-mona.org/ .

M. Neviere and E. Popov, Light Propagation in Periodic Media: Differential Theory and Design (Marcel Dekker, 2003).

E. Palik and G. Ghosh, Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids (Academic, 1998), Vol. 3.

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Figures (10)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Representation of the waveguide-coupled nanowire antenna. (b) Scanning-electrons micrography of our widest waveguide-coupled gold nanowire (height: 70 nm; width: 150 nm; length: 20 μm) on top of a silver ion-exchanged waveguide (width: 1.4 μm). The waveguide appears as a faint contrast horizontal gray band, and the nanowire is the vertical white line.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Description of the measurement setup.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Principle of artificial periodization along the z axis of the structure for guided FMM computation. (b) Real part of the magnetic field (TM polarization). (c) Real part of the radiated magnetic field obtained after subtraction of the guided mode. Nanowire cross section 50  nm×50  nm, wavelength 520 nm, TM polarization.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Example of a waveguide-coupled nanowire radiation pattern observed with the setup described Fig. 2. The transverse variation (ky) is essentially linked to the Fourier transform of the guided mode, while the longitudinal variation kx (parallel to the waveguide) varies in a complex manner linked to the nanowire properties (size, shape, material), the field properties (wavelength, polarization), the waveguide depth, and the permittivity of the surrounding media. (b) Radiation pattern divided by its average kx variation, showing a kx and ky independence.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Schematic 2D representation of the waveguide-coupled nanowire, superimposed with a calculated radiation pattern. The distribution of scattered light is bigger in the medium with higher refractive index (substrate).

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Radiation patterns of a single waveguide-coupled nanowire at 700 nm. Dotted line: measurements; continuous line: theory. Left side: TM polarization (magnetic field parallel to the nanowire); right side: TE polarization. Top: 50 nm width nanowire; bottom: 150 nm width nanowire. Incident guided wave comes from the left. Amplitude scale on the radial axis concerns calculated data.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Effects of various parameters on the radiation pattern (simulations). Top: effect of the nanowire width d for a 50 nm height nanowire at a 520 nm wavelength. Middle: effect of the nanowire eight, h, for a 50 nm width nanowire at a 520 nm wavelength. Bottom: effect of the wavelength, λ, for a 50 nm width and 50 nm height nanowire. Right: TM polarization. Left: TE polarization.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Spectral variations of the integrated radiated intensity in the superstrate for 50 and 150 nm width gold nanowires in TM and TE polarizations. Experimental points are obtained as follows: for each wavelength, a quasi-monochromatic light is coupled in the waveguide, and the radiation pattern is measured, then angularly integrated. The calibration procedure described in Section 3.B is used to correct data from spectral variations from the source and transmission coefficients in the waveguide and fiber. Continuous lines correspond to guided FMM calculations. Vertical scale corresponds to calculations. Each experimental spectrum is multiplied with an arbitrary constant coefficient for visual comparison with calculations.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Other materials than gold. Scattering in the superstrate and absorption for TM and TE polarizations.

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Maps of the electric field amplitude calculated for the wavelength corresponding to the LSP mode resonance of Fig. 8 at a wavelength of 520 nm: (left) TE polarization and (right) TM polarization.

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Equations (9)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

I0,e1(λ)=f1(λ)T1(λ)Iin(λ),
Iout,e1(λ)=f1(λ)T1(λ)f2(λ)T2(λ)Iin(λ),
I0,e2(λ)=f2(λ)T2(λ)Iin(λ).
α(λ)=f1(λ)T1(λ)f2(λ)T2(λ)=I0,e1(λ)I0,e2(λ)=Se1(λ)Se2(λ)
f1(λ)T1(λ)=α(λ)Iout,e1(λ)Iin(λ),
f2(λ)T2(λ)=1α(λ)Iout,e2(λ)Iin(λ).
Pabs=∬S12σ|E|2dxdz,
I(kx,ky)≃Ix(kx)Iy(ky).
E(kx,ky)=12π∫−∞+∞E(kx,y)exp(−ikyy)dy.

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