Anatomically accurate, finite model eye for optical modeling

Hwey-Lan Liou; Noel A. Brennan

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.14.001684

Anatomically accurate, finite model eye for optical modeling

Hwey-Lan Liou and Noel A. Brennan

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 14,
Issue 8,
pp. 1684-1695
(1997)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.14.001684

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Hwey-Lan Liou and Noel A. Brennan, "Anatomically accurate, finite model eye for optical modeling," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 1684-1695 (1997)

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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: July 19, 1996
- Revised Manuscript: January 9, 1997
- Manuscript Accepted: January 9, 1997
- Published: August 1, 1997

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Abstract

There is a need for a schematic eye that models vision accurately under various conditions such as refractive surgical procedures, contact lens and spectacle wear, and near vision. Here we propose a new model eye close to anatomical, biometric, and optical realities. This is a finite model with four aspheric refracting surfaces and a gradient-index lens. It has an equivalent power of 60.35 D and an axial length of 23.95 mm. The new model eye provides spherical aberration values within the limits of empirical results and predicts chromatic aberration for wavelengths between 380 and 750 nm. It provides a model for calculating optical transfer functions and predicting optical performance of the eye.

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Author	Year	Method	Gender	Number of Eyes	Axial Length Measurements (mm)
Stenström9	1948	Roentgenology	Male	685	24.04
			Female	315	23.89
Jansson10	1963	Ultrasonography	Male	113	24.00
			Female	71	23.14
Yu et al.11	1979	Ultrasonography	Male	1749	23.76
			Female	40	23.74
Koretz et al.12	1989	Ultrasonography	Male	32	24.08
			Female	68	23.42

Author	Year	Number of Eyes	Radius (mm)	Asphericity (Q)
Townsley27	1970	350	—	$- 0.30$
Mandell and St. Helen28	1971	8	—	$- 0.23$
				( $- 0.40$ to $- 0.72$ )
Stenström9	1948	1000	7.86 (7.00 to 8.65)	—
Sorsby et al.26	1957	194	$7.79 \pm 0.27$	—
Kiely et al.29	1982	176	$7.72 \pm 0.27$	$- 0.26 \pm 0.18$
Guillon et al.31	1986	220	$7.77 \pm 0.25$	$- 0.19 \pm 0.16$ (steep meridian)
				$- 0.17 \pm 0.15$ (flat meridian)

Author	Year	Number of Eyes	Method	Comments	Anterior radius (A) (mm)	Posterior radius (P) (mm)	Ratio of A/P
Lowe and Clark32	1973	92	Slit lamp	Age 23–77	$7.65 \pm 0.27$	$6.46 \pm 0.26$	$P = 0.791 A$ $+ 0.409$
				Mean Age=61.4
Royston et al.33	1990	15	Slit lamp		7.77	6.35	1:0.817
			Purkinje image		7.77	6.40	1:0.824
Dunne et al.34	1992	80	Purkinje image	Refractive error range $= - 16.5$ D to $+ 4.7$ D	7.98 (male)	6.44	1:0.823
					7.84 (female)	6.36
						(Spherical component only)
Patel et al.36	1993	20	Calculation using anterior corneal surface			5.8

Author	Year	Number of Eyes	Method	Comments	Anterior Lens Radius (mm)	Posterior Lens Radius (mm)
Lowe37	1972	92	in vivo	Age 23–77	$Mean = 10.29 \pm 1.78$	—
					$Range = 7.50 - 15.38$	—
Lowe and Clark38	1973	92	in vivo	$Mean age = 61.4$	$Mean = 11.26$	—
				Same series as Lowe 197237		—
Brown39	1974	200	in vivo	Age 3–82	Central $12.4 \pm 2.6$	Central $8.1 \pm 1.6$
				Emmetropia $< \pm {0.75}_{DS}$ $< \pm 0.50$ cyl	Peripheral $13.3 \pm 3.2$	Peripheral $7.1 \pm 1.4$
Parker70	1972	100	in vitro	$Mean age = 65$	$Radius = 5$	$Radius = 3.3$
				Range 12–91	$Q = - 1.5$	$Q = - 1.0$
Howcroft and Parker40	1977	120	in vitro	Age 1–87	$Radius = 7.3 \pm 0.3$	$Radius = 5.35 \pm 0.14$
				$Mean age = 51.4$	$Q = - 3.13$	$Q = - 1.0$

Weighting	Equivalent Power (D)	Axial Length (mm)
None (unity)	61.68	23.55
$\sqrt[4]{1 - r}$	60.35	23.95
$\sqrt{1 - r}$	59.19	24.31
$1 - r$	57.87	24.74

Surface	Radius	Asphericity	Thickness	$n$ at 555 nm
1	7.77	$- 0.18$	0.50	1.376
2	6.40	$- 0.60$	3.16	1.336
3 (pupil)	12.40	$- 0.94$	1.59	Grad A
4	Infinity	—	2.43	Grad P
5	$- 8.10$	$+ 0.96$	16.27	1.336

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