Abstract

A perturbation analysis of a reflection grating for waves at oblique incidence is given. Three canonical equations governing the behavior of the reflection grating are systematically deduced, and from them the power-conservation principle and reciprocity are established. The characteristics of the output coupler are obtained with particular reference to both the direction and the polarization of the radiated waves. The important features of an input coupler are investigated with particular emphasis on the direction and the polarization of the incident wave and the length of the grating that lead to the maximum of the input-coupling efficiency. The guided wave can have its electric or magnetic field polarized normal to its sagittal plane, and the grating can be incorporated either on the conducting surface or on the film-cover interface. The relative merits of these four different schemes of operation of the reflection grating are discussed with reference to their applications as output and input couplers.

© 1987 Optical Society of America

Analysis of grating couplers in planar waveguides for waves at oblique incidence

Marek T. Wlodarczyk and S. R. Seshadri
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2(2) 171-185 (1985)

Theory of the second-order reflection grating

W. S. Park and S. R. Seshadri
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 3(10) 1632-1643 (1986)

Quasi-optics of the evanescent wave excitation of planar dielectric waveguides

Zi Hua Wang and S. R. Seshadri
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4(11) 2141-2149 (1987)

Coupled wave analysis of obliquely incident waves in thin film gratings

J. Van Roey and P. E. Lagasse
Appl. Opt. 20(3) 423-429 (1981)

Obliquely incident wave coupling on finite-aperture waveguide gratings

Nahum Izhaky and Amos Hardy
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16(2) 305-315 (1999)