Recognition of traffic signals viewed through colored filters

Richard A. Phillips; Walter Kondig

doi:10.1364/JOSA.65.001106

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 65,
Issue 10,
pp. 1106-1113
(1975)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.65.001106

Recognition of traffic signals viewed through colored filters

Richard A. Phillips and Walter Kondig

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Richard A. Phillips and Walter Kondig, "Recognition of traffic signals viewed through colored filters," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 1106-1113 (1975)

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Abstract

Experiments were carried out to provide an empirical basis for setting color standards for sunglasses. Nineteen individuals, ten with anomalous color vision, viewed traffic signals through a series of color filters. Limits on the apparent color shift for the amber and green signals as well as for D₆₅ are presented on a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. Limits on the reduction in the apparent luminosity for each of the three signals are given in terms of the minimum transmittance of a lens for each signal.

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	Normal		Protan		Deutan		Tritan
Filter No.	No Change	Color Change	No Change	Color Change	No Change	Color Change	No Change	Color Change
31	1	8	⋯	3	1	5	⋯	1
T-145	3	6	⋯	3	2	4	⋯	1
122	8	1	1	2	2	4	1	⋯
T-149	9	⋯	2	1	6	⋯	1	⋯
121	9	⋯	2	1	6	⋯	1	⋯
T-229	9	⋯	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
47B	5	4	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
48	9	⋯	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
44A	8	1	3	⋯	4	2	1	⋯
40	7	2	3	⋯	3	3	⋯	1
T-53	9	⋯	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
111	9	⋯	3	⋯	5	1	1	⋯
T-158	9	⋯	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
4-64	2	⋯	1	1	2	2	⋯	1

	Normal		Protan		Deutan		Tritan
Filter No.	No Change	Color Change	No Change	Color Change	No Change	Color Change	No Change	Color Change
T-12	9	⋯	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
T-144	9	⋯	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
T-55	9	⋯	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
T-115	9	⋯	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
6504	9	⋯	2	1	5	1	1	⋯
T-329	9	⋯	2	1	6	⋯	1	⋯
T-163	8	1	3	⋯	5	1	1	⋯
T-153	8	1	3	⋯	5	1	1	⋯
31	3	6	⋯	3	5	1	⋯	2
T-145	4	5	1	2	3	3	⋯	1
47B	5	4	1	2	4	2	1	⋯
32	4	5	1	2	2	4	⋯	1
T-20	6	3	3	⋯	4	2	⋯	1
T-53	5	4	3	⋯	4	2	⋯	1
T-120	8	1	2	1	3	3	⋯	1
200	9	⋯	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
110	9	⋯	3	⋯	5	1	1	⋯
T-130	8	1	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
T-227	9	⋯	2	1	6	⋯	1	⋯
T-166	9	⋯	2	1	6	⋯	1	⋯
122	7	2	2	1	5	1	⋯	1
121	9	⋯	2	1	6	⋯	1	⋯
T-148	9	⋯	3	⋯	6	⋯	1	⋯
T-149	7	2	2	1	4	2	⋯	1

	Normal Color Change				Protan Color Change				Deutan Color Change				Tritan Color Change

Filter No.	No Change	Strong	Slight	Very Slight	No Change	Strong	Slight	Very Slight	No Change	Strong	Slight	Very Slight	No Change	Strong	Slight	Very Slight
T-160	8	⋯	⋯	1	2	⋯	1	⋯	5	1	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯
48	⋯	6	2	1	⋯	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	3	3	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
T-20	2	1	6	⋯	⋯	2	1	⋯	⋯	1	3	2	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
T-53	2	⋯	6	1	1	1	1	⋯	1	⋯	1	4	⋯	⋯	1	⋯
44A	1	2	5	⋯	1	⋯	2	⋯	⋯	⋯	5	1	⋯	⋯	⋯	1
T-120	3	⋯	6	⋯	⋯	1	1	1	1	1	1	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	1
110	4	⋯	3	2	1	⋯	⋯	2	1	1	⋯	4	⋯	⋯	⋯	1
T-22	3	⋯	3	3	1	⋯	⋯	2	2	1	⋯	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	1
T-149	1	3	2	3	⋯	2	⋯	1	⋯	4	1	1	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
31	⋯	6	1	2	⋯	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	4	1	1	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
T-145	1	3	4	1	⋯	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	4	2	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
32	1	4	4	⋯	⋯	1	2	⋯	⋯	5	1	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
T-148	4	⋯	3	2	1	1	⋯	1	1	2	1	2	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
121	2	⋯	4	3	1	1	⋯	1	1	2	1	2	⋯	⋯	1	⋯
3-71	1	1	⋯	⋯	2	⋯	⋯	⋯	4	⋯	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯
4-64	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	2	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯
T-55	8	⋯	⋯	1	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	6	⋯	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯
948	9	⋯	⋯	⋯	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	6	⋯	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯
T-115	8	⋯	1	⋯	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	6	⋯	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯
T-12	8	⋯	⋯	1	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	6	⋯	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯
T-31	4	1	2	2	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	6	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	1	⋯
T-152	6	1	⋯	2	2	⋯	1	⋯	5	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯	1
T-329	6	1	⋯	2	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	5	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
6504	5	2	2	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	2	5	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
T-163	5	2	1	1	1	1	⋯	1	5	⋯	⋯	1	1	⋯	⋯	⋯
T-153	3	3	2	1	1	2	⋯	⋯	5	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	1
40	2	6	1	⋯	⋯	2	⋯	1	4	2	⋯	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
665	4	3	2	⋯	2	1	⋯	⋯	5	1	⋯	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯
517	7	2	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	1	2	4	2	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯
664	8	1	⋯	⋯	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	5	1	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	⋯	1
T-161	8	⋯	⋯	1	3	⋯	⋯	⋯	6	⋯	⋯	⋯	1	⋯	⋯	⋯
T-114	8	⋯	⋯	1	2	⋯	1	⋯	5	⋯	⋯	1	1	⋯	⋯	⋯

Filter No.	Observer	No Change	Dimmer	Hard to see	Almost Black	Cannot see	Y_R	Q_R	$W_{R}^{*}$
T-153	Normal	9					100	0.20	51
	Protan	3
	deutan	6
	tritan	1
200	normal	9					85	0.17	47
	protan	3
	deutan	6
	tritan	1

T-145	normal	8	1				50	0.56	79
	protan	3
	deutan	5	1
	tritan			1
2130	normal	9					36	0.16	46
	protan	1	2
	deutan	5	1
	tritan	1
T-20	normal	8	1				21	0.14	43
	protan	1	2
	deutan	4	2
	tritan	1

3121	normal	6	3				14	0.08	33
	protan		2		1
	deutan	2	4
	tritan			1

664	normal	2	5	1	1		8	0.03	19
	protan	1	1		1
	deutan	1		4		1
	tritan			1

517	normal		5	3	1		3	0.05	25
	protan		1	2
	deutan	1		4	1
	tritan				1
40	normal					9	0.5	0.002	−4
	protan				1	2
	deutan					6
	tritan					1
48	normal					9	0.0	0.000	−17
	protan				1	2
	deutan					6
	tritan					1

Filter No.	Observer	No Change	Dimmer	Hard to see	Almost black	Cannot see	Y_R	Q_R	$W_{A}^{*}$
6504	normal	9					590	0.86	93
	protan	3
	deutan	6
	tritan	1
T-163	normal	9					430	1.00	99
	protan	3
	deutan	6
	tritan	1
T-22	normal	9					330	0.63	83
	protan	3
	deutan	5	1
	tritan	1
2130	normal	8	1				200	0.87	94
	protan	2	1
	deutan	4	2
	tritan	1
T-55	normal	8	1				130	0.92	96
	protan	2	1
	deutan	5	1
	tritan	1
3121	normal	5	4				110	0.59	81
	protan		3
	deutan	2	4
	tritan	1
T-53	normal	2	6	1			80	0.35	64
	protan		1	2
	deutan		2	4
	tritan			1
665	normal	3	4	1	1		44	0.61	82
	protan		2	1
	deutan	1	3	1	1
	tritan			1
48	normal					9	0.2	0.01	9
	protan					3
	deutan					6
	tritan					1
47B	normal			2	1	6	0.05	0.005	3
	protan					3
	deutan					6
	tritan					1

Filter No.	Observer	No Change	Dimmer	Hard to see	Almost black	Cannot see	Y_R	Q_R	$W_{G}^{*}$
6504	normal	9					170	0.26	57
	protan	2		1
	deutan	6
	tritan	1
T-22	normal	9					150	0.29	60
	protan	3
	deutan	6
	tritan	1
T-149	normal		7	1	1		50	0.16	47
	protan		3
	deutan	2	4
	tritan		1
664	normal	7	2				76	0.31	61
	protan	2	1
	deutan	4	2
	tritan	1
T-20	normal	5	4				48	0.31	62
	protan	1	2
	deutan	2	4
	tritan	1
32	normal		1	2	4	2	22	0.14	43
	protan		2	1
	deutan			2	2	2
	tritan				1
T-145	normal		5	2	2		13	0.15	44
	protan		2	1
	deutan		2	2	1	1
	tritan			1

48	normal			1	5	3	6	0.28	60
	protan		3
	deutan			1	2	3
	tritan			1
47B	normal			3	3	3	3	0.25	56
	protan		3
	deutan				1	5
	tritan				1

Abstract

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Figures (7)

Tables (6)

Equations (16)

Journal of the Optical Society of America