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Optical Aberration Coefficients, XIII. Theory of Reversible Semi-symmetric Systems

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Abstract

An optical system is called symmetric if it possesses an axis of symmetry A and a plane of symmetry containing A. A system K will be called semi-symmetric if it is merely axially symmetric, i.e., if it possesses a screw sense pointing along A. Previous work concerning the consequences of reversibility of symmetric systems is extended to the semi-symmetric case, a “reversal” of K being understood to be its rotation through 180° about a line through A and normal to it, together with a reversal of its screw-sense. It is shown that among the n(n+2) aberration coefficients of order 2n−1 there exist altogether 12(n-1)(n+2) relations. These divide themselves into a set of relations, previously obtained in the symmetric case, between the “proper coefficients” alone, and a new set of homogeneous relations between the “skew coefficients” alone. The third- and fifth-order relations are exhibited explicitly, and some special points relating to all orders are considered. As a contribution towards a proper appreciation of the meaning of the results obtained, a fairly detailed discussion is included of the geometrical significance of the various types of aberrations possessed by semi-symmetric systems. This part of the work has been shorn of all irrelevancies and it is essentially an extension of Steward’s elegant presentation.

© 1967 Optical Society of America

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