Temperature Dependence of the Refractive Index of Optical Maser Crystals

T. W. Houston; L. F. Johnson; P. Kisliuk; D. J. Walsh

doi:10.1364/JOSA.53.001286

Temperature Dependence of the Refractive Index of Optical Maser Crystals

T. W. Houston, L. F. Johnson, P. Kisliuk, and D. J. Walsh

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 53,
Issue 11,
pp. 1286-1291
(1963)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.53.001286

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T. W. Houston, L. F. Johnson, P. Kisliuk, and D. J. Walsh, "Temperature Dependence of the Refractive Index of Optical Maser Crystals," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 1286-1291 (1963)

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History
- Original Manuscript: May 2, 1963
- Published: November 1, 1963

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Abstract

This paper reports the index of refraction of CaWO₄, CaF₂, and BaF₂ for wavelengths from 4350 to 18 460 Å and over the temperature range −180°C to room temperature. Measurements are made on dilute ruby at 5461 Å from −180° to 70°C. The results are applied to an interpretation of the output frequency of solid-state optical masers.

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(a) n_ω (index of refraction, ordinary ray).
λ(Å)

T(°C)	6438	5896	5461	5086	4800	4678
−180	1.9136	1.9193	1.9263	1.9327		1.9432
−150	1.9134	1.9193	1.9261	1.9327		1.9431
−100	1.9131	1.9190	1.9258	1.9324		1.9430
−50	1.9126	1.9188	1.9254	1.9321		1.9427
0	1.9124	1.9185	1.9250	1.9317		1.9423
20	1.9122	1.9184	1.9249	1.9315		1.9421

(b) n_∊ (index of refraction, extraordinary ray).
λ(Å)

T(°C)	6438	5896	5461	5086	4800	4678

−180	1.9296	1.9362	1.9436	1.9504	1.9577	1.9617
−150	1.9295	1.9361	1.9434	1.9503	1.9576	1.9616
−100	1.9292	1.9357	1.9430	1.9501	1.9573	1.9614
−50	1.9288	1.9353	1.9425	1.9497	1.9569	1.9609
0	1.9283	1.9349	1.9420	1.9492	1.9565	1.9604
20	1.9280	1.9347	1.9417	1.9490	1.9564	1.9602

λ(Å)	n_ω			n_∊

T(°C)	14 695	10 140	8521	14 695	10 140	8521
−180	1.8861	1.8951	1.9003	1.9003	1.9096	1.9149
20	1.8850	1.8937	1.8986	1.8986	1.9082	1.9132

(a)
λ(Å)

T(°C)	5461	5890	7665	8195	10 140	15 166	18 459
−180	1.4787	1.4775	1.4738	1.4735	1.4722	1.4711	1.4711
25	1.4760	1.4745	1.4709	1.4701	1.4696	1.4684	1.4684

(b)
λ=5461 Å		λ=10 140 Å
T(°C)	n	T(°C)	n
−200	1.47909	−199	1.47278
−193	1.47898	−194	1.47253
−129	1.47842	−134	1.47208
−110	1.47820	−113	1.47186
−86	1.47798	−87	1.47175
−55	1.47731	−57	1.47086
−23	1.47675	−23	1.47063

λ(Å)

T(°C)	5461	5890	8195	10 140	12 434	15 166	18 459
−180	1.4378	1.4358	1.4324	1.4313		1.4281	1.4266
25	1.4352	1.4340	1.4301	1.4291	1.4279	1.4266	1.4247

−(dn/dT)×10⁶(1/°C)
material	CaWO₄ (ord. ray)	CaWO₄ (ext. ray)	BaF₂	CaF₂

T(°C)
−180	4.6	4.0	8.6	6.6
−140	5	6.0	10.2	9.2
−100	5.4	8.2	12.5	11.0
−50	6.5	9.8	17.0	13.0
20	7.1	10.2	18.6	16.0

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