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From the “pure physics” of illumination, a sky blue in daylight should change to a honey yellow in 60-watt tungsten light. For most colors, the data of Helson and Grove, plotted on a circular Munsell diagram, show that adaptation permits only about half the change calculated and plotted from the “pure physics.” Conversion from I.C.I. Illuminants C to A was accomplished with a special filter and the tristimulus integrator. Other colors show lines of change approximately parallel to that for sky blue (except yellows and oranges, which become redder). Such lines indicate large hue changes for some starting hues and large chroma changes for others. Assuming all changes as half those of “pure physics” yields “theoretical” curves for change of hue and chroma plotted against starting hue. Two points each of zero change and large plus or minus change were found for both hue and chroma; large hue changes occur where chroma changes are small, and conversely. Two-check-direct observations of color changes in lights close to C and A on each of about 150 dyeings, using 8-step scales, confirmed the maxima and minima and general “theoretical” curve shapes very well. To a first approximation, the changes depend only on starting (daylight) color, slightly on other factors. A section on the behavior of mixtures is included.
© 1951 Optical Society of America
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