Diagnosing Types of Color Deficiency by Means of Pseudo-Isochromatic Tests

Alphonse Chapanis

doi:10.1364/JOSA.39.000242

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 39,
Issue 3,
pp. 242-249
(1949)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.39.000242

Diagnosing Types of Color Deficiency by Means of Pseudo-Isochromatic Tests

Alphonse Chapanis

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Alphonse Chapanis, "Diagnosing Types of Color Deficiency by Means of Pseudo-Isochromatic Tests," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 39, 242-249 (1949)

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Abstract

One hundred and twenty men (86 color-normal and 34 color-deficient) were tested with 5 pseudo-isochromatic tests of color vision: the American Optical Company, Ishihara, Meyrowitz, Boström, and Boström-Kugelberg tests. Each of the men was also examined with a Bausch and Lomb visual spectrophotometer to determine his limit of visibility in the long wave-length (red) end of the spectrum. Twelve of the color deficient subjects had reduced sensitivity to long wave-length radiation, 19 had normal sensitivity to long wave-length radiation, and 3 subjects could not be assigned to either group with certainty.

Diagnostic plates in three of the tests, the Boström, Meyrowitz, and Ishihara, were evaluated in terms of their ability to differentiate the two kinds of color deficient individuals. The Boström plates were found to be worthless for this purpose, the Meyrowitz plates somewhat better, and the Ishihara plates best. None of the plates in the other two tests was found to be diagnostic.

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Plate number		3	4	5	6	7	8
Normal response		2	5	3	6	62	95
Protano response		2	5	–	–	62	95
Deuterano response		–	–	3	6	—	—	D-scores
Subject	A	–	5	–	–	—	—	5
	B	–	–	–	8	—	—	6
	C	–	–	–	–	62	95	2
	D	–	5	–	–	62	—	3
	E	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	F	2	5	3	–	—	—	5
	G	2	–	8	6	62	95	2
	H	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	I	2	5	–	–	32	—	3
	J	–	–	–	–	66	—	5
	K	2	–	–	–	—	—	5
	L	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	M	2	–	8	–	—	—	5
	N	–	5	8	6	—	—	6
	O	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	P	8	–	8	6	62	—	5
	Q	9	5	3	6	6–	—	6
	R	–	–	3	–	—	—	7
	S	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	T	–	–	–	–	6–	—	5
	U	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	V	–	–	8	6	—	99	6
	W	–	–	–	6	—	—	7
	X	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	Y	2	5	8	6	62	95	1
	Z	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	AA	–	–	8	6	—	—	7
	AB	–	–	–	6	—	—	7
	AC	–	–	8	–	62	∃–	4
	AD	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	AE	8	5	8	–	—	58	5
	AF	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	AG	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	AH	2	3	–	–	—	—	5

Plate number		13	14	15	16	17	18
Normal response		8	65	5	6	34	RZ
Protano response		–	65	–	6	−4	R–
Deuterano response		8	—	5	–	3–	−Z	D-scores
Subject	A	8	—	–	6	8–	B–	5
	B	8	—	5	6	84	SZ	6
	C	8	—	–	6	—	—	5
	D	8	—	5	6	24	87	5
	E	8	—	–	6	—	—	5
	F	8	—	–	6	34	B2	5
	G	8	—	5	6	34	92	6
	H	8	—	3	6	—	−Z	6
	I	8	—	–	6	34	92	5
	J	8	—	–	6	–4	57	4
	K	8	—	–	6	84	RZ	4
	L	8	—	–	6	34	82	5
	M	8	—	5	6	3–	RZ	7
	N	8	—	5	6	34	−Z	7
	O	8	—	6	6	3–	−Z	7
	P	8	—	5	6	8–	−Z	7
	Q	8	—	5	6	34	RZ	6
	R	8	—	5	6	3–	−Z	8
	S	8	—	5	6	3–	2Z	8
	T	8	—	5	–	84	2Z	7
	U	8	—	5	6	3–	−Z	8
	V	8	—	5	6	34	BZ	7
	W	8	—	5	6	36	32	7
	X	8	—	5	–	3–	−Z	9
	Y	8	—	5	6	34	BZ	7
	Z	8	—	5	6	3–	97	7
	AA	8	—	5	–	3–	−Z	9
	AB	8	—	5	–	84	−Z	7
	AC	8	—	5	6	33	−Z	8
	AD	8	—	5	–	34	RZ	7
	AE	8	—	5	6	34	RZ	6
	AF	8	—	–	6	—	−2	5
	AG	8	—	5	6	34	−Z	7
	AH	8	—	5	6	84	82	5

Plate number		22	23	24	25
Normal response		26	42	35	96
Protano response		−6	−2	−5	−6
Deuterano response		2–	4–	3–	9–	D-scores
Subject	A	−8	−2	−5	−6	1
	B	26	42	35	36	3
	C	−8	−2	−5	−6	1
	D	−8	−2	−5	−6	1
	E	—	—	—	—	4
	F	26	42	45	−6	2
	G	26	42	85	96	3
	H	−6	−2	−5	−6	0
	I	−6	−2	−5	−5	1
	J	−8	−9	−3	−5	4
	K	66	42	−5	−6	1
	L	−8	−2	−5	−6	1
	M	2–	4–	9–	9–	7
	N	2–	4–	3–	9–	8
	O	2–	4–	8–	9–	7
	P	2–	4–	8–	8–	6
	Q	2–	4–	3–	9–	8
	R	2–	4–	5–	9–	7
	S	2–	4–	8–	9–	7
	T	2–	4–	5–	8–	6
	U	2–	4–	5–	9–	7
	V	9–	4–	33	9–	7
	W	2–	4–	5–	3–	6
	X	2–	4–	3–	8–	7
	Y	26	42	39	96	5
	Z	2–	4–	9–	3–	6
	AA	8–	4–	8–	9–	6
	AB	2–	4–	3–	—	7
	AC	2–	4–	3–	9–	8
	AD	2–	4–	3–	9–	8
	AE	2–	4–	5–	9–	7
	AF	2–	4–	—	—	6
	AG	2–	4–	9–	3–	6
	AH	−8	−2	−5	−6	1

Plate number		3	4	5	6	7	8
Normal response		2	5	3	6	62	95
Protano response		2	5	–	–	62	95
Deuterano response		–	–	3	6	—	—	D-scores
Subject	A	–	5	–	–	—	—	5
	B	–	–	–	8	—	—	6
	C	–	–	–	–	62	95	2
	D	–	5	–	–	62	—	3
	E	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	F	2	5	3	–	—	—	5
	G	2	–	8	6	62	95	2
	H	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	I	2	5	–	–	32	—	3
	J	–	–	–	–	66	—	5
	K	2	–	–	–	—	—	5
	L	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	M	2	–	8	–	—	—	5
	N	–	5	8	6	—	—	6
	O	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	P	8	–	8	6	62	—	5
	Q	9	5	3	6	6–	—	6
	R	–	–	3	–	—	—	7
	S	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	T	–	–	–	–	6–	—	5
	U	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	V	–	–	8	6	—	99	6
	W	–	–	–	6	—	—	7
	X	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	Y	2	5	8	6	62	95	1
	Z	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	AA	–	–	8	6	—	—	7
	AB	–	–	–	6	—	—	7
	AC	–	–	8	–	62	∃–	4
	AD	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	AE	8	5	8	–	—	58	5
	AF	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	AG	–	–	–	–	—	—	6
	AH	2	3	–	–	—	—	5

Plate number		13	14	15	16	17	18
Normal response		8	65	5	6	34	RZ
Protano response		–	65	–	6	−4	R–
Deuterano response		8	—	5	–	3–	−Z	D-scores
Subject	A	8	—	–	6	8–	B–	5
	B	8	—	5	6	84	SZ	6
	C	8	—	–	6	—	—	5
	D	8	—	5	6	24	87	5
	E	8	—	–	6	—	—	5
	F	8	—	–	6	34	B2	5
	G	8	—	5	6	34	92	6
	H	8	—	3	6	—	−Z	6
	I	8	—	–	6	34	92	5
	J	8	—	–	6	–4	57	4
	K	8	—	–	6	84	RZ	4
	L	8	—	–	6	34	82	5
	M	8	—	5	6	3–	RZ	7
	N	8	—	5	6	34	−Z	7
	O	8	—	6	6	3–	−Z	7
	P	8	—	5	6	8–	−Z	7
	Q	8	—	5	6	34	RZ	6
	R	8	—	5	6	3–	−Z	8
	S	8	—	5	6	3–	2Z	8
	T	8	—	5	–	84	2Z	7
	U	8	—	5	6	3–	−Z	8
	V	8	—	5	6	34	BZ	7
	W	8	—	5	6	36	32	7
	X	8	—	5	–	3–	−Z	9
	Y	8	—	5	6	34	BZ	7
	Z	8	—	5	6	3–	97	7
	AA	8	—	5	–	3–	−Z	9
	AB	8	—	5	–	84	−Z	7
	AC	8	—	5	6	33	−Z	8
	AD	8	—	5	–	34	RZ	7
	AE	8	—	5	6	34	RZ	6
	AF	8	—	–	6	—	−2	5
	AG	8	—	5	6	34	−Z	7
	AH	8	—	5	6	84	82	5

Abstract

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Tables (3)

Journal of the Optical Society of America