Improvement of Photographic Color Rendering by Correction Filters

A. van Kreveld

doi:10.1364/JOSA.36.000412

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 36,
Issue 7,
pp. 412-415
(1946)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.36.000412

Improvement of Photographic Color Rendering by Correction Filters

A. van Kreveld

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A. van Kreveld, "Improvement of Photographic Color Rendering by Correction Filters," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 36, 412-415 (1946)

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Abstract

Multiplying factors of some photographic correction filters are calculated by means of the addition law and are found in fair agreement with the practical figures given by the manufacturers. The improvement of color rendering by the correction filters is calculated in the same way; it is very considerable. It is shown, that each filter can be characterized by three “improvement-factors,” indicating the improvement of the green, yellow, and red colors, respectively. The improvement-factors are—in contradistinction to the multiplying factors—nearly independent of the color-sensitivity of the emulsion. It is argued that green correction filters are not generally useful, whereas (hypothetical) pale orange filters should yield the best possible color rendering.

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	Agfa I Ilford α		Agfa 3		Wratten K 1		Wratten K 2		Agfa 71		Wratten X 1				Ilford γ
	d	e	d	e	d	e	d	e	d	e	d	e	d	e	d	e
Agfa	2.28	1.96	4.04	2.80	2.23	1.81	3.02	2.70
Isochrome	1.8		3.0
Kodak	3.07	2.60	6.95	4.83	2.70	2.37	6.18	4.45
Verichrome	3.07	2.60	6.95	4.83	2.70	2.37	6.18	4.45
Selochrome	3.06	2.33	6.75	4.08	2.67	2.18	5.95	4.19
Agfa	1.76	1.64	2.35	1.95	1.68	1.57	2.23	1.85	2.13	2.08	3.83	3.62	1.89	1.81	3.94	3.62
Isopan S.S.	1.6		2.0						2.0
Kodak	1.76	1.49	2.37	1.75	1.67	1.40	2.24	1.63	2.17	1.92	4.12	3.77	1.91	1.69	4.12	3.47
Panatomic					$1 \frac{1}{2}$	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	2	$1 \frac{1}{2}$			5	4
Kodak	1.88	1.54	2.47	1.84	1.78	1.47	2.40	1.77	2.25	1.96	4.03	3.48	1.99	1.71	4.15	3.42
S.S. Pan					$1 \frac{1}{2}$	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	2	$1 \frac{1}{2}$			4	3
Selo	1.93	1.55	2.65	1.87	1.80	1.47	2.49	1.78	2.36	2.03	4.24	3.71	2.04	1.74	4.42	3.53
Hyperpan	2	1.25											3	1.25	6	3

	Agfa Isochrom			Kodak Verichrome			Selochrome
	g	y	r	g	y	r	g		y		r
No filter	3.1	0.70	—	2.4	0.15	—	2.1	0.33		—
Agfa 1; Ilford α	14.1	4.4	0.05	10.6	0.75	0.01	9.0	1.54		0.03
Agfa 3	320	111	1.64	230	25	0.43	168	49.0		0.77
Wratten K 1	10.6	2.7	0.04	8.2	0.59	0.01	7.0	1.21		0.02
Wratten K 2	130	45	0.69	100	10	0.18	73	18.9		0.32

	Agfa Isopan SS			Kodak Panatom.			Kodak SS. Pan.			Selo Hyperpan
	g	y	r	g	y	r	g	y	r	g	y	r
No filter	5.1	2.0	2.1	4.6	1.86	3.3	4.4	1.68	1.70	3.9	1.56	1.97
Agfa 1	22	9.6	10.1	18.3	8.3	14.9	20	8.3	8.6	16.9	7.3	9.3
Ilford α	22	9.6	10.1	18.3	8.3	14.9	20	8.3	8.6	16.9	7.3	9.3
Agfa 3	530	300	270	330	220	380	520	270	280	380	230	250
Wratten K 1	17.3	7.7	8.3	14.3	6.6	12.0	15.1	6.5	6.9	13.1	5.9	7.6
Wratten K 2	210	122	133	143	92	167	194	107	114	152	90	119
Agfa 71	27	10.1	6.1	21	7.8	7.8	26	8.9	5.2	21	7.6	5.1
Wratten X 1	76	24	11.0	56	18.4	13.5	70	22	9.3	56	18.8	9.0
Ilford β	21	8.5	6.9	16.5	6.7	9.0	17.8	7.1	5.6	15.4	6.2	5.9
Ilford γ	26	15.7	9.7	21	13.3	12.7	23	7.1	7.9	19.5	12.1	8.0

	Agfa 1 Ilfordα			Agfa 3			Wratten K 1			Wratten K 2			Agfa 71			Wratten X 1			Ilfordβ			Ilford γ
	g	y	r	g	y	r	g	y	r	g	y	r	g	y	r	g	y	r	g	y	r	g	y	r
Agfa Isochrome	4.5	6.3		102	159		3.4	3.9		42	64
Kodak Verichrome	4.7	5.0		97	168		3.4	3.9		42	67
Selochrome	4.3	4.7		80	149		3.3	3.3		35	57
Agfa Isopan SS.	4.3	4.8	4.8	103	152	129	3.4	3.9	3.9	41	61	63	5.2	5.0	2.9	15.0	12.2	5.2	4.1	4.2	3.3	5.1	7.8	4.6
Kodak Panatomic	4.0	4.5	4.5	72	116	116	3.1	3.5	3.6	31	49	51	4.6	4.2	2.4	12.2	9.8	4.1	3.6	3.6	2.7	4.6	7.2	3.9
Kodak S.S. Pan.	4.6	4.9	5.0	118	158	162	3.4	3.9	4.0	44	64	67	5.8	5.3	3.1	15.8	12.9	5.5	4.0	4.2	3.3	5.2	7.9	4.7
Selo hyperpan	4.3	4.7	4.7	97	144	128	3.3	3.7	3.9	39	57	60	5.3	4.9	2.6	14.1	12.1	4.6	4.0	4.0	3.0	5.0	7.8	4.1
Mean	4.4	5.0	4.8	95	150	135	3.3	3.7	3.9	39	60	60	5.2	4.9	2.8	14.3	11.8	4.9	3.9	4.0	3.1	5.0	7.7	4.3

	Agfa I Ilford α		Agfa 3		Wratten K 1		Wratten K 2		Agfa 71		Wratten X 1				Ilford γ
	d	e	d	e	d	e	d	e	d	e	d	e	d	e	d	e
Agfa	2.28	1.96	4.04	2.80	2.23	1.81	3.02	2.70
Isochrome	1.8		3.0
Kodak	3.07	2.60	6.95	4.83	2.70	2.37	6.18	4.45
Verichrome	3.07	2.60	6.95	4.83	2.70	2.37	6.18	4.45
Selochrome	3.06	2.33	6.75	4.08	2.67	2.18	5.95	4.19
Agfa	1.76	1.64	2.35	1.95	1.68	1.57	2.23	1.85	2.13	2.08	3.83	3.62	1.89	1.81	3.94	3.62
Isopan S.S.	1.6		2.0						2.0
Kodak	1.76	1.49	2.37	1.75	1.67	1.40	2.24	1.63	2.17	1.92	4.12	3.77	1.91	1.69	4.12	3.47
Panatomic					$1 \frac{1}{2}$	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	2	$1 \frac{1}{2}$			5	4
Kodak	1.88	1.54	2.47	1.84	1.78	1.47	2.40	1.77	2.25	1.96	4.03	3.48	1.99	1.71	4.15	3.42
S.S. Pan					$1 \frac{1}{2}$	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	2	$1 \frac{1}{2}$			4	3
Selo	1.93	1.55	2.65	1.87	1.80	1.47	2.49	1.78	2.36	2.03	4.24	3.71	2.04	1.74	4.42	3.53
Hyperpan	2	1.25											3	1.25	6	3

Abstract

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Tables (4)

Equations (2)

Journal of the Optical Society of America