Table I
Brightness data relative to the scenes of group 3. This group consists of near-by, sunlit, front-lighted, unshaded scenes.
Scene No. | B0min. | B0max. | BS0 | B0(M) | ISi | FF | efB0min. | ΔB |
---|
7 | 12 | 2100 | 175 | 380 | 140 | 1.25 | 15 | 3.0 |
8 | 9.2 | 3600 | 390 | 240 | 290 | 1.35 | 12.5 | 3.3 |
18 | 6.0 | 2000 | 330 | 1300 | 62 | 5.30 | 32 | 26 |
27 | 18 | 2950 | 165 | — | 43 | 3.80 | 68 | 50 |
31 | 8.2 | 4000 | 490 | 500 | 205 | 2.40 | 19.5 | 11.3 |
32 | 8.2 | 1200 | 145 | — | 47 | 3.10 | 25.5 | 17.3 |
34 | 5.8 | 2250 | 390 | 940 | 58 | 6.70 | 39 | 33.2 |
39 | 14.3 | 2050 | 145 | 940 | 78 | 1.85 | 26.5 | 12.2 |
45 | 14.3 | 1800 | 125 | 350 | 91 | 1.35 | 19.5 | 5.2 |
60 | 13.3 | 3200 | 240 | 570 | 140 | 1.70 | 22.5 | 9.2 |
72 | 11.6 | 3500 | 300 | 940 | 135 | 2.20 | 25.5 | 13.9 |
73 | 22 | 7700 | 350 | 720 | 205 | 1.70 | 37 | 15 |
75 | 15.2 | 3200 | 210 | 720 | 91 | 2.30 | 35 | 19.8 |
76 | 12.5 | 1800 | 145 | 720 | 69 | 2.10 | 26 | 13.5 |
77 | 5.6 | 3200 | 570 | 720 | 210 | 2.70 | 15 | 9.4 |
78 | 16 | 3900 | 245 | 570 | 150 | 1.65 | 26.5 | 10.5 |
79 | 14.3 | 1900 | 135 | 720 | 51 | 2.65 | 38 | 23.7 |
80 | 31 | 1400 | 45 | 440 | 35 | 1.30 | 40 | 9.0 |
81 | 8.2 | 1100 | 135 | 570 | 29 | 4.70 | 39 | 30.8 |
83 | 22 | 1600 | 73 | 260 | 35 | 2.10 | 46 | 24 |
86 | 12.4 | 2000 | 160 | 350 | 74 | 2.15 | 26.5 | 14.1 |
88 | 17.3 | 1200 | 69 | 720 | 48 | 1.45 | 25 | 7.7 |
89 | 12.4 | 1600 | 130 | 570 | 47 | 2.75 | 34 | 21.6 |
90 | 14.9 | 620 | 42 | 260 | 33 | 1.25 | 18.5 | 3.6 |
98 | 27 | 2600 | 96 | 1300 | 66 | 1.45 | 39 | 12 |
116 | 19 | 2600 | 135 | 270 | 85 | 1.60 | 30 | 11 |
119 | 13 | 5400 | 420 | 570 | 225 | 1.85 | 24 | 11 |
134 | 15.3 | 2000 | 130 | 660 | 54 | 2.40 | 37 | 21.7 |
142 | 12.5 | 3100 | 250 | 410 | 115 | 2.20 | 27.5 | 15 |
151 | 11.5 | 1400 | 120 | 410 | 41 | 2.90 | 33 | 21.5 |
153 | 7.2 | 4500 | 620 | 500 | 200 | 3.10 | 22.5 | 15.3 |
154 | 12.7 | 3100 | 245 | 200 | 150 | 1.65 | 21 | 8.3 |
159 | 17 | 3400 | 200 | 660 | 56 | 3.60 | 61 | 44 |
163 | 13.5 | 8000 | 590 | 2100 | 100 | 5.90 | 80 | 66.5 |
165 | 10.6 | 2400 | 225 | 660 | 47 | 4.80 | 51 | 40.4 |
167 | 15.3 | 1700 | 110 | 750 | 49 | 2.25 | 34 | 18.7 |
174 | 6.7 | 2300 | 340 | 520 | 100 | 3.40 | 23 | 16.3 |
175 | 17 | 3000 | 175 | 1000 | 51 | 3.40 | 58 | 41 |
Min. | 5.6 | 620 | 42 | 200 | 29 | 1.25 | 12.5 | 3.0 |
Max. | 31 | 8000 | 620 | 2100 | 290 | 6.70 | 80 | 68 |
Av. | 12.5 | 2400 | 190 | 580 | 80 | 2.40 | 30 | 15 |
Ratio | 5.5 | 13 | 15 | 10.5 | 10 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 22.5 |
Table II
Summary of the average brightness values applying to all groups of scenes.
Summary of group 1 scenes |
---|
| B0min. | B0max. | BS0 | B0(M) | ISi | FF | efB0min. | ΔB |
---|
Min. | 20 | 1500 | 27 | 720 | 18 | 1.15 | 54 | 8.0 |
Max. | 160 | 11500 | 285 | 5700 | 91 | 3.30 | 255 | 139 |
Av. | 55 | 4500 | 81 | 1650 | 43 | 1.90 | 105 | 43 |
Ratio | 8.0 | 7.7 | 10.5 | 7.9 | 5.1 | 2.85 | 4.7 | 17.5 |
Summary of group 2 scenes |
Min. | 8.4 | 820 | 35 | 270 | 22 | 1.30 | 20.5 | 9.2 |
Max. | 76 | 9200 | 340 | 3000 | 155 | 4.80 | 165 | 109 |
Av. | 24.5 | 3150 | 130 | 910 | 56 | 2.30 | 56 | 29.5 |
Ratio | 9.0 | 11 | 9.7 | 11 | 7.0 | 3.7 | 8.1 | 12 |
Summary of group 3 scenes |
Min. | 5.6 | 620 | 42 | 200 | 29 | 1.25 | 12.5 | 3.0 |
Max. | 31 | 8000 | 620 | 2100 | 290 | 6.70 | 80 | 68 |
Av. | 12.5 | 2400 | 190 | 580 | 80 | 2.40 | 30 | 15 |
Ratio | 5.5 | 13 | 15 | 10.5 | 10 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 22.5 |
Summary of group 4 scenes |
Min. | 2.0 | 710 | 115 | 53 | 32 | 1.25 | 5.6 | 1.1 |
Max. | 11.6 | 4000 | 750 | 720 | 440 | 8.70 | 39 | 34.5 |
Av. | 4.6 | 1600 | 345 | 250 | 135 | 2.55 | 11.5 | 5.9 |
Ratio | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 31.5 |
Summary of group 5 scenes |
Min. | 0.82 | 55 | 27 | 38 | 22 | 1.15 | 1.1 | 0.22 |
Max. | 50 | 3700 | 640 | 2300 | 350 | 9.50 | 79 | 65 |
Av. | 6.3 | 1050 | 165 | 320 | 60 | 2.75 | 17.5 | 8.9 |
Ratio | 61 | 67 | 23.5 | 61 | 16 | 8.3 | 72 | 295 |
Summary of all scenes |
Min. | 0.82 | 55 | 27 | 38 | 18 | 1.15 | 1.1 | 0.22 |
Max. | 160 | 11500 | 750 | 5700 | 440 | 9.50 | 255 | 139 |
Av. | 14.5 | 2300 | 160 | 640 | 68 | 2.35 | 34 | 17 |
Ratio | 195 | 210 | 28 | 150 | 24.5 | 8.3 | 230 | 630 |
Table III
Comparison of exposure times computed by use of formula (11) with those which have been found by long experience to be satisfactory.
Group | | | Distant | Remote | Un-Shaded | Near-by Light Shade | Heavy Shade |
---|
| | B0min. | 55 | 24.5 | 12.5 | 6 | 3 |
I–1 | Sun | | — | — | — | — | — |
| | tc | 1/110 | 1/49 | 1/25 | 1/12 | 1/6 |
| | tr | 1/100 | 1/50 | 1/25 | 1/12 | 1/6 |
| | B0min. | 22 | 16 | 7 | 3 | 1.4 |
I–2 | Haze | | (27) | (12) | (6) | (3) | (1.5) |
| | tc | 1/44 | 1/32 | 1/14 | 1/6 | 1/2.8 |
| | tr | 1/50 | 1/25 | 1/12 | 1/6 | 1/3 |
| | B0min. | 29 | 8 | 6 | 1.5 | — |
I–3 | Light | | (14) | (6) | (3) | (1.5) | (0.7) |
| clouds | tc | 1/58 | 1/16 | 1/12 | 1/3 | — |
| | tr | 1/25 | 1/12 | 1/6 | 1/3 | 1/1.5 |
| | B0min. | | 2.0 | 1.0 | — | — |
I–4 | Heavy | | (5.5) | (2.4) | (1.2) | (0.6) | (0.4) |
| clouds | tc | — | 1/4 | 1/2 | — | — |
| | tr | 1/10 | 1/5 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/0.5 |
Table IV
Detailed data pertaining to the characteristics of the negatives of scenes included in group 3.
Scene No. | Dnmin. | Dnmax. | DSn | Log BS0 | hθx | sθx | FF | sθn |
---|
7 | 0.21 | 1.88 | 1.67 | 2.24 | 1.00 | 0.34 | 1.25 | 0.27 |
8 | .16 | 2.12 | 1.96 | 2.59 | .89 | .26 | 1.35 | .19 |
18 | .56 | 2.00 | 1.44 | 2.52 | .86 | .50 | 5.30 | .09 |
27 | .47 | 1.63 | 1.16 | 2.22 | .81 | .45 | 3.80 | .12 |
31 | .18 | 1.61 | 1.43 | 2.69 | .86 | .20 | 2.40 | .08 |
32 | .31 | 1.33 | 1.02 | 2.16 | .73 | .42 | 3.10 | .14 |
34 | .34 | 1.47 | 1.13 | 2.59 | .73 | .42 | 6.70 | .06 |
39 | .31 | 1.72 | 1.41 | 2.16 | .86 | .48 | 1.85 | .26 |
45 | .23 | 1.76 | 1.53 | 2.10 | .95 | .37 | 1.35 | .27 |
60 | .62 | 2.16 | 1.54 | 2.38 | .65 | .53 | 1.70 | .31 |
72 | .38 | 1.85 | 1.47 | 2.48 | .75 | .44 | 2.20 | .20 |
73 | .57 | 2.23 | 1.66 | 2.54 | .62 | .52 | 1.70 | .31 |
75 | .41 | 1.74 | 1.33 | 2.32 | .79 | .41 | 2.30 | .18 |
76 | .70 | 2.10 | 1.40 | 2.16 | .67 | .61 | 2.10 | .29 |
77 | .28 | 1.75 | 1.47 | 2.76 | .77 | .32 | 2.70 | .12 |
78 | .40 | 1.82 | 1.42 | 2.39 | .76 | .40 | 1.65 | .24 |
79 | .33 | 1.31 | .98 | 2.13 | .81 | .36 | 2.65 | .14 |
80 | .38 | 1.37 | .99 | 1.65 | .80 | .39 | 1.30 | .30 |
81 | .60 | 1.90 | 1.30 | 2.13 | .71 | .53 | 4.70 | .11 |
83 | .35 | 1.33 | .98 | 1.86 | .80 | .38 | 2.10 | .18 |
86 | .39 | 1.72 | 1.33 | 2.20 | .84 | .41 | 2.15 | .19 |
88 | .56 | 1.77 | 1.21 | 1.84 | .79 | .52 | 1.45 | .36 |
89 | .41 | 1.52 | 1.11 | 2.11 | .80 | .42 | 2.75 | .15 |
90 | .58 | 1.70 | 1.12 | 1.62 | .80 | .50 | 1.25 | .40 |
98 | .77 | 2.14 | 1.37 | 1.98 | .59 | .66 | 1.45 | .46 |
116 | .36 | 1.64 | 1.28 | 2.13 | .77 | .37 | 1.60 | .23 |
119 | .27 | 1.73 | 1.46 | 2.62 | .70 | .37 | 1.85 | .20 |
134 | .36 | 1.65 | 1.29 | 2.11 | .71 | .55 | 240 | .23 |
142 | .24 | 1.62 | 1.38 | 2.40 | .73 | .40 | 2.20 | .18 |
151 | .40 | 1.57 | 1.17 | 2.08 | .76 | .50 | 2.90 | .17 |
153 | .41 | 2.04 | 1.63 | 2.79 | .75 | .53 | 3.10 | .17 |
154 | .40 | 1.97 | 1.57 | 2.39 | .73 | .51 | 1.65 | .31 |
159 | .57 | 1.84 | 1.27 | 2.30 | .77 | .59 | 3.60 | .16 |
163 | .42 | 1.82 | 1.40 | 2.77 | .73 | .55 | 5.90 | .09 |
165 | .38 | 1.53 | 1.15 | 2.35 | .72 | .52 | 4.80 | .11 |
167 | .42 | 1.60 | 1.18 | 2.04 | .73 | .55 | 2.25 | .24 |
174 | .45 | 1.88 | 1.43 | 2.53 | .77 | .54 | 3.40 | .16 |
175 | .37 | 1.55 | 1.18 | 2.24 | .75 | .48 | 3.40 | .14 |
Min. | .16 | 1.31 | .98 | 1.62 | .59 | .20 | 1.25 | .06 |
Max. | .77 | 2.23 | 1.96 | 2.79 | 1.00 | .66 | 6.70 | .46 |
Av. | .41 | 1.75 | 1.34 | 2.28 | .77 | .46 | 2.40 | .21 |
Table V
Summarized average values pertaining to the negatives of all groups.
Summary of group 1 scenes |
---|
| Dnmin. | Dnmax. | DSn | Log BS0 | hθx | sθx | FF | sθn |
---|
Min. | 0.21 | 0.95 | 0.68 | 1.43 | 0.63 | 0.35 | 1.15 | 0.11 |
Max. | .80 | 2.10 | 1.37 | 2.45 | .86 | .72 | 3.30 | .53 |
Av. | .46 | 1.60 | 1.14 | 1.91 | .74 | .51 | 1.90 | .28 |
Summary of group 2 scenes |
Min. | .21 | 1.18 | .85 | 1.54 | .65 | .26 | 1.30 | .10 |
Max. | .80 | 2.12 | 1.82 | 2.53 | .93 | .67 | 4.80 | .44 |
Av. | .41 | 1.62 | 1.21 | 2.11 | .75 | .49 | 2.30 | .22 |
Summary of group 3 scenes |
Min. | .16 | 1.31 | .98 | 1.62 | .59 | .20 | 1.25 | .06 |
Max. | .77 | 2.23 | 1.96 | 2.79 | 1.00 | .66 | 6.70 | .46 |
Av. | .41 | 1.75 | 1.34 | 2.28 | .77 | .46 | 2.40 | .21 |
Summary of group 4 scenes |
Min. | .16 | 1.52 | 1.11 | 2.06 | .52 | .20 | 1.25 | .06 |
Max. | 1.05 | 2.69 | 1.96 | 2.88 | .96 | .78 | 8.70 | .53 |
Av. | .53 | 2.05 | 1.52 | 2.54 | 70 | .50 | 2.55 | .22 |
Summary of group 5 scenes |
Min. | .11 | 1.16 | .85 | 1.43 | .55 | .21 | 1.15 | .05 |
Max. | 1.08 | 2.90 | 2.23 | 2.81 | 1.00 | .80 | 9.50 | .68 |
Av. | .59 | 1.88 | 1.29 | 2.22 | .76 | .56 | 2.75 | .24 |
Summary of all scenes |
Min. | .11 | .95 | .68 | 1.43 | .52 | .20 | 1.15 | .05 |
Max. | 1.08 | 2.90 | 2.23 | 2.88 | 1.00 | .80 | 9.50 | .68 |
Av. | .47 | 1.76 | 1.29 | 2.20 | .75 | .50 | 2.35 | .23 |
Table VI
Two possible series of calculator numbers which are inversely proportional to the speed numbers of negative materials. Calculator numbers rounded off for convenient practical use.
|
|
|
---|
Speed | f/8 | f/64 |
---|
1250 | 0.025 | 1.6 |
1000 | .032 | 2.0 |
800 | .040 | 2.5 |
640 | .050 | 3.2 |
500 | .064 | 4.0 |
400 | .080 | 5.0 |
320 | .100 | 6.4 |
250 | .125 | 8.0 |
200 | .16 | 10.0 |
160 | .20 | 12.5 |
125 | .25 | 16 |
100 | .32 | 20 |
80 | .40 | 25 |
64 | .50 | 32 |
50 | .64 | 40 |
40 | .80 | 50 |
32 | 1.00 | 64 |
25 | 1.25 | 80 |
20 | 1.6 | 100 |
16 | 2.0 | 125 |
12.5 | 2.5 | 160 |
10 | 3.2 | 200 |
Table VII
Three possible series of calculator numbers which are directly proportional to the speed numbers of negative materials. Calculator numbers rounded off for convenient practical use.
|
|
|
|
---|
Speed | f/8 | f/11.3 | f/3.16 |
---|
1250 | 40 | 20 | 250 |
1000 | 32 | 16 | 200 |
800 | 25 | 12.5 | 160 |
640 | 20 | 10.0 | 125 |
500 | 16 | 8.0 | 100 |
400 | 12.5 | 6.4 | 80 |
320 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 64 |
250 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 50 |
200 | 6.4 | 3.2 | 40 |
160 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 32 |
125 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 25 |
100 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 20 |
80 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 16 |
64 | 2.0 | 1.00 | 12.5 |
50 | 1.6 | .80 | 10.0 |
40 | 1.25 | .64 | 8.0 |
32 | 1.00 | .50 | 6.4 |
25 | .80 | .40 | 5.0 |
20 | .64 | .32 | 4.0 |
16 | .50 | .25 | 3.2 |
12.5 | .40 | .20 | 2.5 |
10 | .32 | .16 | 2.0 |