The Response of Sputtered Thermocouples to Interrupted Radiation*

Louis Harris; Alvin C. Scholp

doi:10.1364/JOSA.30.000519

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 30,
Issue 11,
pp. 519-522
(1940)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.30.000519

The Response of Sputtered Thermocouples to Interrupted Radiation

Louis Harris and Alvin C. Scholp

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Louis Harris and Alvin C. Scholp, "The Response of Sputtered Thermocouples to Interrupted Radiation*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 30, 519-522 (1940)

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Abstract

The response of thin sputtered thermocouples to interrupted radiation of low frequency has been studied and corroboration with the theory obtained. The anomalous behavior of bismuth-tellurium couples has been observed. These couples when used in conjunction with a low frequency amplifier are more sensitive than wire thermocouples used with the most sensitive galvanometers, but without “multipliers.”

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Corrections

L. Harris and A. C. Scholp, "Erratum: The Response of Sputtered Thermocouples to Interrupted Radiation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 31, 25-25 (1941)
https://opg.optica.org/josa/abstract.cfm?uri=josa-31-1-25

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	Frequency of Interruption of Radiation, Cycles sec.⁻¹	Observed		Calculated

		V_a.c. Volts	V_d.c.(max) Volts	a.f.	∑(cρh/E) sec.

Couple 5 (bright)

sector II	0.8	1.35×10⁻⁴	1.52×10⁻⁴	0.89	0.102
	1.1	1.35×10⁻⁴	1.7×10⁻⁴	.794	.110
	1.3	2.78×10⁻⁵	3.6×10⁻⁵	.795	.094
	1.5	2.75	3.9	.704	.107
	1.9	2.08	3.25	.64	.101
	2.4	1.775	3.3	.54	.097
sector I	2.8	1.783	3.6	.495	.100
	3.0	1.735	3.7	.47	.100
	3.8	1.56	3.9	.39	.099
	5.3	.964	3.4	.283	.102
	6.7	.867	3.5	.248	.093
			∑(cρh/E) average=0.100
		mean of the deviations±0.0036

Couple 5 (front surface blackened)

sector II	0.9	2.08×10⁻⁴	2.58×10⁻⁴	0.80	0.130
	1.3	4.19×10⁻⁵	5.6×10⁻⁵	.749	.108
	1.45	3.68	5.1	.723	.105
	1.9	3.42	5.6	.610	.108
	2.0	3.42	5.7	.60	.106
	2.5	2.78	5.4	.515	.106
sector I	2.7	2.78	5.8	.48	.108
sector I	2.7	2.66	5.5	.483	.107
	2.9	2.48	5.7	.435	.113
	3.4	2.22	5.7	.390	.111
	4.4	1.707	5.7	.300	.115
	5.5	1.41	5.5	.256	.109
	7.0	1.177	5.5	.214	.104
			∑(cρh/E) average=0.110
		mean of the deviations±0.0044

Measurements with “standard” lamp and uninterrupted radiation. Couple 5 (blackened)
Radiation density at couple 100×10⁻⁶ watt cm⁻²			Voltage generated by couple 6.17×10⁻⁶ volt

Couple	Metals	Number of Junctions	Receiver (Junction)	Cellulose Thickness×10⁵ cm	Couple Resistance ohms	V_d.c.(max)×10⁵ volt	Range of Frequencies Studied cycles second⁻¹	Average ∑(cρh/E) second	Mean of the Deviations

1	Bi–Sb	one	bright	1.08	2,500	3.35	0.75 to 6.8	0.083	7%

3			bright	0.96	1,340	3.5	.9 to 7.0	.137	4%
3			blackened	0.96	1,480	6.0	.75 to 6.6	.177	4%

5			bright	0.90	1,330	3.6	.8 to 6.7	.100	4%
5			blackened	0.90	1,430	5.7	.9 to 7.0	.110	4%

6			bright	2.05	1,870	3.8	.75 to 7.0	.141	8%

7		eight	bright	0.8	43,000	18.1	.9 to 5.6	.093	8%
7		eight	blackened	0.8	49,000	28.9	1. to 5.6	.134	9%

8	Bi–Te	one	bright		700,000	28.0	.9 to 5.5	.188	3%
8	Bi–Te	one	blackened		183,000	48.8	.94 to 5.6	.345	3%

2			bright	1.08	290,000	30.0	.9 to 5.9	.246	$2 \frac{1}{2} %$
2			blackened	1.08	90,000 to 130,000 to 160,000	48.2	1.2 to 5	.175	2%

	Frequency of Interruption of Radiation, Cycles sec.⁻¹	Observed		Calculated

		V_a.c. Volts	V_d.c.(max) Volts	a.f.	∑(cρh/E) sec.

Couple 5 (bright)

sector II	0.8	1.35×10⁻⁴	1.52×10⁻⁴	0.89	0.102
	1.1	1.35×10⁻⁴	1.7×10⁻⁴	.794	.110
	1.3	2.78×10⁻⁵	3.6×10⁻⁵	.795	.094
	1.5	2.75	3.9	.704	.107
	1.9	2.08	3.25	.64	.101
	2.4	1.775	3.3	.54	.097
sector I	2.8	1.783	3.6	.495	.100
	3.0	1.735	3.7	.47	.100
	3.8	1.56	3.9	.39	.099
	5.3	.964	3.4	.283	.102
	6.7	.867	3.5	.248	.093
			∑(cρh/E) average=0.100
		mean of the deviations±0.0036

Couple 5 (front surface blackened)

sector II	0.9	2.08×10⁻⁴	2.58×10⁻⁴	0.80	0.130
	1.3	4.19×10⁻⁵	5.6×10⁻⁵	.749	.108
	1.45	3.68	5.1	.723	.105
	1.9	3.42	5.6	.610	.108
	2.0	3.42	5.7	.60	.106
	2.5	2.78	5.4	.515	.106
sector I	2.7	2.78	5.8	.48	.108
sector I	2.7	2.66	5.5	.483	.107
	2.9	2.48	5.7	.435	.113
	3.4	2.22	5.7	.390	.111
	4.4	1.707	5.7	.300	.115
	5.5	1.41	5.5	.256	.109
	7.0	1.177	5.5	.214	.104
			∑(cρh/E) average=0.110
		mean of the deviations±0.0044

Measurements with “standard” lamp and uninterrupted radiation. Couple 5 (blackened)
Radiation density at couple 100×10⁻⁶ watt cm⁻²			Voltage generated by couple 6.17×10⁻⁶ volt

Couple	Metals	Number of Junctions	Receiver (Junction)	Cellulose Thickness×10⁵ cm	Couple Resistance ohms	V_d.c.(max)×10⁵ volt	Range of Frequencies Studied cycles second⁻¹	Average ∑(cρh/E) second	Mean of the Deviations

1	Bi–Sb	one	bright	1.08	2,500	3.35	0.75 to 6.8	0.083	7%

3			bright	0.96	1,340	3.5	.9 to 7.0	.137	4%
3			blackened	0.96	1,480	6.0	.75 to 6.6	.177	4%

5			bright	0.90	1,330	3.6	.8 to 6.7	.100	4%
5			blackened	0.90	1,430	5.7	.9 to 7.0	.110	4%

6			bright	2.05	1,870	3.8	.75 to 7.0	.141	8%

7		eight	bright	0.8	43,000	18.1	.9 to 5.6	.093	8%
7		eight	blackened	0.8	49,000	28.9	1. to 5.6	.134	9%

8	Bi–Te	one	bright		700,000	28.0	.9 to 5.5	.188	3%
8	Bi–Te	one	blackened		183,000	48.8	.94 to 5.6	.345	3%

2			bright	1.08	290,000	30.0	.9 to 5.9	.246	$2 \frac{1}{2} %$
2			blackened	1.08	90,000 to 130,000 to 160,000	48.2	1.2 to 5	.175	2%

Abstract

Corrections

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Tables (2)

Equations (6)

Journal of the Optical Society of America