Some studies of 1941–1942 indicated that adaptation under red light was faster than in darkness. A recent (May 26, 1952) research report originating from the Naval Air Station at Pensacola seems to show a facilitative effect of red light on dark adaptation and has renewed interest in this problem. Some of the earlier data purporting to show this effect, additional material previously unpublished, and also new studies made at Yale by the method of simultaneous differential monocular adaptation are here presented and discussed. Adaptation goggles were used for 25 min under illumination of 8 mL. The filter over one eye was a glass disk made of Corning No. 2403, deep red, 3.5 percent photopic transmission, over the other eye an opaque cardboard disk which excluded all light. Dark-adaptation thresholds (Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer) violet light (Corning 5513), measured alternately on the two eyes showed for 16 college student subjects lower values, i.e., increased light sensitiveness for the eyes adapted in darkness. In the period 6 min after removing the goggles the mean threshold difference between results for red and opaque procedures in the first test was −0.153 log μμL, <P=0.01; in the second test with the goggles reversed on the two eyes the mean difference favoring the opaque side was −0.182 log I, μμL, <P=0.01. The earlier and later results are not easily harmonized. The author argues in favor of the monocular method as an appropriate one for the study of this problem.
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Re-analysis of first data secured in 1941 on effectiveness of red goggles as an alternate technique for securing dark adaptation. This table of eight paired replicates for terminal thresholds to violet lighta includes some data not previously published (reference 3).
Date
Case
Red-goggle routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Date
Darkness routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Differences DR-RGR
11/3/41
B.W.
3.625
10/28/41
3.878
+0.253
11/3/41
R.D.
3.234
6/16/41
3.261
+0.027
11/4/41
E.L.
3.235
10/16/41
3.295
+0.060
11/4/41
B.W.
3.562
10/27/41
3.812
+0.250
11/10/41
J.G.
3.062
10/27/41
3.303
+0.241
11/11/41
E.L.
3.234
10/23/41
3.480
+0.246
11/11/41
R.G.
2.868
10/28/41
2.787
−0.081
11/12/41
G.B.
3.287
10/23/41
3.449
+0.162
M.=3.263
M.=3.408
M. Diff.=+0.145
These 8 pairs of measurements were made with the aid of Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer No. 8 using Corning violet filter No. 511 (Old Glass Code; No. 5113 New Glass Code), 2° test field centered 7° nasally for the right eye with
exposures following pre-adaptation to 1500 mL for
to 4 min. The red goggles used here were those previously described (reference 3) made of Corning: H. R. Pyrometer shade red. New Glass Code No. 2403, Old Glass Code No. 241, 2-mm thick, polished disks with cutoff at 620 mu mounted in Cover’s “Nod and Shake” rubber goggles. The illumination in the room where the subject sat for 25–30 min was 9 mL and the terminal threshold values given are the means of those made between 28 and 38 min after the completion of pre-adaptation. Repeat tests were made on B. W. and E. L.
Table II
Analysis of red-goggle adaptation data secured in 1941 but not previously published. The conditions were the same as those described for the 8 pairs (Table I) except that pre-adaption to 1500-mL light was not used as a part of the routine.a
Date
Case
Red-goggle routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Date
Darkness routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Differences DR-RGR
10/30/41
M.M.
3.351
10/24/41
3.338
−0.013
10/30/41
E.L.
2.970
6/4/41
3.455
+0.485
10/30/41
G.B.
3.116
10/16/41
3.392
+0.276
10/31/41
R.D.
3.138
5/23/41
3.350
+0.212
10/31/41
B.W.
3.303
10/29/41
3.777
+0.474
11/4/41
R.J.
2.584
10/21/41
2.868
+0.284
11/5/41
J.G.
2.951
10/14/41
3.383
+0.432
11/6/41
R.J.
2.571
10/24/41
2.547
+0.024
11/7/41
R.D.
3.031
7/15/41
3.285
+0.254
M.=3.002
M.=3.266
M. Diff.=+0.264
The terminal threshold values given are the means of those made between 28 and 38 min after starting the respective test routines on each subject. Repeat tests were made on R. D. and R. J.
Table III
Paired replicates for terminal dark-adaptation thresholds to violet light after use of red goggles versus darkness routine.a
Date
Case
Red-goggle routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Date
Darkness routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Differences DR-RGR
1/5/42
L.T.
2.311
1/12/42
2.356
+0.045
1/9/42
L.T.
2.168
1/17/42
2.245
+0.077
1/9/42
B.W.
2.572
1/13/42
2.923
+0.351
2/12/42
L.T.
2.080
1/14/42
2.053
−0.027
2/13/42
J.G.
2.151
2/11/42
2.462
+0.311
2/13/42
W.H.
1.934
1/26/42
2.208
+0.274
2/14/42
L.K.
2.091
2/19/42
2.510
+0.419
2/17/42
E.L.
2.326
2/10/42
2.488
+0.162
2/20/42
M.P.
2.220
2/19/42
2.159
−0.061
2/21/42
L.T.
2.363
1/20/42
2.424
+0.061
2/25/42
G.B.
2.350
12/3/42
2.790
+0.440
2/25/42
L.T.
1.989
2/20/42
2.172
+0.183
2/27/42
M.P.
2.361
2/16/42
2.475
+0.114
3/18/42
D.W.
2.372
3/13/42
2.376
+0.004
4/1/42
R.D.
2.355
4/3/42
2.216
−0.139
M.=2.243
M.=2.390
M. Diff.=+0.147
These 15 pairs of observations were all made on Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer No. 8 supplied by O. C. Rudolph using Corning violet filter No. 511 (Old Glass Code; No. 5113 New Glass Code), 3° test field centered 7° nasally for the right eye with
exposures following pre-adaptation to 1500 mL for
to 4 min. The red goggles had plastic lenses designated DA-2 and DA-3 and were supplied by Polaroid Corporation. The goggles were put on immediately following light pre-adaptation and were worn without interruption for 25 to 30 min while the subject sat reading magazines by Mazda lamp illumination of 9 mL. Five repeat tests were made on laboratory assistant, L. T. and two on M. P.
Table IV
Paired replicates for comparative monocular dark-adaptation thresholds after wearing a red goggle over the left eye and a blue goggle over the right eye for 30 minutes. Values given in log micromicrolamberts.a
I
II
III
Time: 1–2 min
Time: 3–4 min
Time: 5–6 min
Cases
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
F.M.
3.04
4.22
+1.18
2.60
3.39
+0.79
2.47
3.10
+0.63
J.S.
2.77
3.69
+0.92
2.49
3.28
+0.79
2.54
3.00
+0.46
C.O.
2.65
3.43
+0.78
2.60
3.20
+0.60
2.90
3.10
+0.20
E.S.
2.94
3.75
+0.81
2.55
3.43
+0.88
2.44
2.85
+0.41
S.R.
2.44
3.44
+1.00
2.44
2.90
+0.46
2.21
2.77
+0.56
F.W.
2.54
3.91
+1.37
2.44
3.44
+1.00
2.41
2.94
+0.53
F.G.
2.77
3.10
+0.33
2.49
2.64
+0.15
2.44
2.50
+0.06
B.B.
2.37
3.59
+1.22
2.23
2.52
+0.29
2.12
2.57
+0.45
G.M.
2.94
3.59
+0.65
2.97
3.25
+0.28
2.60
3.00
+0.40
N=9 Ms.
2.718
3.636
+0.918
2.534
3.117
+0.583
2.459
2.870
+0.411
<P=0.01
<P=0.01
<P=0.01
IV
V
VI
Time: 7–8 min
Time: 9–10 min
Time: 11–12 min
Cases
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
F.M
2.50
3.27
+0.77
2.29
2.93
+0.64
2.44
2.94
+0.50
J.S.
2.80
2.89
+0.09
2.37
2.60
+0.23
2.50
2.75
+0.25
C.O.
2.57
2.90
+0.33
2.52
2.90
+0.38
2.34
2.78
+0.44
E.S.
2.36
2.54
+0.18
2.04
2.35
+0.31
2.34
2.84
+0.50
S.R.
2.04
2.57
+0.53
2.29
2.60
+0.31
2.12
2.44
+0.32
F.W.
2.27
2.67
+0.40
2.34
2.67
+0.33
2.21
2.62
+0.41
E.G.
2.50
2.50
±0.00
2.41
2.49
+0.08
2.34
2.54
+0.20
B.B.
1.97
2.36
+0.39
2.18
2.52
+0.34
2.02
2.20
+0.18
G.M.
2.52
2.82
+0.30
2.57
2.68
+0.11
2.24
2.50
+0.26
2.392
2.724
+0.332
2.334
2.636
+0.302
2.283
2.623
+0.340
<P=0.01
<P=0.01
<P=0.01
VII
VIII
IX
Time: 13–14 min
Time: 15–16 min
Time: 17–18 min
Cases
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
F.M.
2.44
2.87
+0.43
2.32
2.98
+0.66
2.50
2.83
+0.33
J.S.
2.32
2.70
+0.38
2.28
2.49
+0.21
2.30
2.50
+0.14
C.O.
2.37
2.70
+0.33
2.55
2.65
+0.10
2.32
2.52
+0.20
E.S.
2.36
2.57
+0.21
2.28
2.62
+0.34
2.31
2.67
+0.36
S.R.
2.21
2.44
+0.23
2.28
2.40
+0.12
2.21
2.37
+0.16
F.W.
2.23
2.57
+0.34
2.21
2.55
+0.34
2.27
2.44
+0.17
E.G.
2.49
2.45
−0.04
2.59
2.50
−0.09
2.44
2.43
−0.01
B.B.
2.12
2.34
+0.22
1.86
2.18
+0.32
2.00
2.15
+0.15
G.M.
2.60
2.50
−0.10
2.13
2.40
+0.27
2.28
2.37
+0.09
2.349
2.571
+0.222
2.277
2.530
+0.253
2.299
2.476
+0.177
P=0.02
<P=0.01
<P=0.01
These 9 sets of observations were made on Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer No. 8 using Corning violet filter No. 5113. 2° test field centered 7° below a small red fixation point following pre-adaptation to 693 mL for 3 min. The goggles were made of Corning 2 in. polished disks, one No. 5551 blue, 4 percent photopic transmission and one No. 2403 red, 3.5 percent photopic transmission.
Table V
Paired replicates for comparative monocular dark-adaptation thresholds after wearing a red goggle over the left eye and an opaque screen over the right eye for 30 minutes. Values given in log micromicrolamberts.a
I
II
III
Time: 1–6 min
Time: 7–12 min
Time: 13–18 min
Cases
Red
Opaque
Diff.
Red
Opaque
Diff.
Red
Opaque
Diff.
S.R.
2.82
2.74
−0.08
2.55
2.63
+0.08
2.49
2.52
+0.03
F.B.
2.70
2.82
+0.12
2.89
2.96
+0.10
2.59
2.75
+0.16
L.T.
2.86
2.50
−0.36
2.73
2.58
−0.15
2.56
2.63
+0.07
H.M.
3.17
2.73
−0.44
2.71
2.62
−0.09
2.58
2.59
+0.01
B.W.
2.68
2.48
−0.20
2.79
2.47
−0.32
2.66
2.51
−0.15
H.C.
2.91
2.75
−0.16
2.60
2.61
+0.01
2.40
2.48
+0.08
E.G.
2.56
2.38
−0.18
2.51
2.36
−0.15
2.43
2.46
+0.03
A.R.
2.51
2.41
−0.10
2.30
2.35
+0.05
2.39
2.32
−0.07
C.R.
2.52
2.68
+0.16
2.55
2.65
+0.10
2.48
2.42
−0.06
F.T.
3.31
3.06
−0.25
2.79
2.65
−0.14
2.54
2.41
−0.13
A.K.
2.67
2.77
+0.10
2.46
2.41
−0.05
2.37
2.40
+0.03
E.W.
2.93
2.43
−0.50
2.62
2.47
−0.15
2.59
2.46
−0.13
F.M.
2.56
2.55
−0.01
2.09
2.13
+0.04
2.24
2.20
−0.04
J.S.
2.87
2.66
−0.21
2.56
2.65
+0.09
2.42
2.53
+0.11
D.G.
3.07
2.90
−0.17
2.76
2.77
+0.01
2.79
3.05
+0.26
M.H.
2.82
2.64
−0.18
2.59
2.38
−0.21
2.41
2.33
−0.08
N=16Ms.
2.810
2.657
−0.153
2.594
2.537
−0.057
2.491
2.504
+0.013
<P=0.01
>P=0.05
>P=0.05
Measurements taken with the aid of the Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer No. 8 using Corning violet filter No. 5113, 2° test field centered 7° below a small red fixation point. The adaptation goggles featured a red Corning No. 2403 disk for one eye and an opaque cardboard disk for the other. The eyes were tested alternately as rapidly as possible after the goggles were removed. The subjects were pre-adapted to 693 mL for 3 min.
Table VI
Paired replicates for comparative monocular dark-adaptation thresholds after wearing a red goggle over the right eye and an opaque screen over the left eye for 30 minutes. Values given in log micromicrolamberts.a
I
II
III
Time: 1–6 min
Time: 7–12 min
Time: 13–18 min
Cases
Red
Opaque
Diff.
Red
Opaque
Diff.
Red
Opaque
Diff.
S.R.
2.53
2.15
−0.35
2.42
2.19
−0.23
2.21
2.22
+0.01
F.B.
2.71
2.74
+0.03
2.77
2.79
+0.02
2.75
2.79
+0.04
L.T.
2.72
2.52
−0.20
2.56
2.37
−0.19
2.43
2.42
−0.01
H.M.
3.17
2.70
−0.47
3.02
3.32
+0.30
3.01
2.71
−0.30
B.W.
2.56
2.44
−0.12
2.60
2.59
−0.01
2.53
2.44
−0.09
H.C.
2.83
2.74
−0.09
2.61
2.98
+0.37
2.54
2.58
+0.04
E.G.
2.61
2.48
−0.13
2.65
2.53
−0.12
2.49
2.46
−0.03
A.R.
2.56
2.34
−0.22
2.44
2.25
−0.19
2.45
2.19
−0.26
C.R.
2.68
2.36
−0.32
2.62
2.74
+0.12
2.77
2.57
−0.20
F.T.
2.68
2.61
−0.07
2.43
2.29
−0.14
2.28
2.25
−0.03
A.K.
3.53
3.20
−0.33
3.09
2.86
−0.23
3.14
2.94
−0.20
E.W.
2.63
2.72
+0.09
2.52
2.69
+0.17
2.50
2.90
+0.40
F.M.
2.74
2.68
−0.06
2.74
2.50
−0.24
2.78
2.55
−0.23
J.S.
2.69
2.50
−0.19
2.64
2.58
−0.06
2.63
2.61
−0.02
D.G.
3.83
3.63
−0.20
3.14
3.25
+0.11
3.09
2.95
−0.14
M.H.
3.24
2.99
−0.25
2.98
2.66
−0.32
⋯
⋯
⋯
N=16Ms.
2.857
2.675
−0.182
2.702
2.662
−0.040
2.640
2.572
−0.068
<P=0.01
>P=0.05
>P=0.05
Measurements taken with the aid of the Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer No. 8 using Corning violet filter No. 5113, 2° test field centered 7° below a small red fixation point. The adaptation goggles featured a red Corning No. 2403 disk for one eye and an opaque cardboard disk for the other. The eyes were tested alternately as rapidly as possible after the goggles were removed. The subjects were pre-adapted to 693 mL for 3 min.
Tables (6)
Table I
Re-analysis of first data secured in 1941 on effectiveness of red goggles as an alternate technique for securing dark adaptation. This table of eight paired replicates for terminal thresholds to violet lighta includes some data not previously published (reference 3).
Date
Case
Red-goggle routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Date
Darkness routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Differences DR-RGR
11/3/41
B.W.
3.625
10/28/41
3.878
+0.253
11/3/41
R.D.
3.234
6/16/41
3.261
+0.027
11/4/41
E.L.
3.235
10/16/41
3.295
+0.060
11/4/41
B.W.
3.562
10/27/41
3.812
+0.250
11/10/41
J.G.
3.062
10/27/41
3.303
+0.241
11/11/41
E.L.
3.234
10/23/41
3.480
+0.246
11/11/41
R.G.
2.868
10/28/41
2.787
−0.081
11/12/41
G.B.
3.287
10/23/41
3.449
+0.162
M.=3.263
M.=3.408
M. Diff.=+0.145
These 8 pairs of measurements were made with the aid of Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer No. 8 using Corning violet filter No. 511 (Old Glass Code; No. 5113 New Glass Code), 2° test field centered 7° nasally for the right eye with
exposures following pre-adaptation to 1500 mL for
to 4 min. The red goggles used here were those previously described (reference 3) made of Corning: H. R. Pyrometer shade red. New Glass Code No. 2403, Old Glass Code No. 241, 2-mm thick, polished disks with cutoff at 620 mu mounted in Cover’s “Nod and Shake” rubber goggles. The illumination in the room where the subject sat for 25–30 min was 9 mL and the terminal threshold values given are the means of those made between 28 and 38 min after the completion of pre-adaptation. Repeat tests were made on B. W. and E. L.
Table II
Analysis of red-goggle adaptation data secured in 1941 but not previously published. The conditions were the same as those described for the 8 pairs (Table I) except that pre-adaption to 1500-mL light was not used as a part of the routine.a
Date
Case
Red-goggle routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Date
Darkness routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Differences DR-RGR
10/30/41
M.M.
3.351
10/24/41
3.338
−0.013
10/30/41
E.L.
2.970
6/4/41
3.455
+0.485
10/30/41
G.B.
3.116
10/16/41
3.392
+0.276
10/31/41
R.D.
3.138
5/23/41
3.350
+0.212
10/31/41
B.W.
3.303
10/29/41
3.777
+0.474
11/4/41
R.J.
2.584
10/21/41
2.868
+0.284
11/5/41
J.G.
2.951
10/14/41
3.383
+0.432
11/6/41
R.J.
2.571
10/24/41
2.547
+0.024
11/7/41
R.D.
3.031
7/15/41
3.285
+0.254
M.=3.002
M.=3.266
M. Diff.=+0.264
The terminal threshold values given are the means of those made between 28 and 38 min after starting the respective test routines on each subject. Repeat tests were made on R. D. and R. J.
Table III
Paired replicates for terminal dark-adaptation thresholds to violet light after use of red goggles versus darkness routine.a
Date
Case
Red-goggle routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Date
Darkness routine Mean threshold (log μμL)
Differences DR-RGR
1/5/42
L.T.
2.311
1/12/42
2.356
+0.045
1/9/42
L.T.
2.168
1/17/42
2.245
+0.077
1/9/42
B.W.
2.572
1/13/42
2.923
+0.351
2/12/42
L.T.
2.080
1/14/42
2.053
−0.027
2/13/42
J.G.
2.151
2/11/42
2.462
+0.311
2/13/42
W.H.
1.934
1/26/42
2.208
+0.274
2/14/42
L.K.
2.091
2/19/42
2.510
+0.419
2/17/42
E.L.
2.326
2/10/42
2.488
+0.162
2/20/42
M.P.
2.220
2/19/42
2.159
−0.061
2/21/42
L.T.
2.363
1/20/42
2.424
+0.061
2/25/42
G.B.
2.350
12/3/42
2.790
+0.440
2/25/42
L.T.
1.989
2/20/42
2.172
+0.183
2/27/42
M.P.
2.361
2/16/42
2.475
+0.114
3/18/42
D.W.
2.372
3/13/42
2.376
+0.004
4/1/42
R.D.
2.355
4/3/42
2.216
−0.139
M.=2.243
M.=2.390
M. Diff.=+0.147
These 15 pairs of observations were all made on Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer No. 8 supplied by O. C. Rudolph using Corning violet filter No. 511 (Old Glass Code; No. 5113 New Glass Code), 3° test field centered 7° nasally for the right eye with
exposures following pre-adaptation to 1500 mL for
to 4 min. The red goggles had plastic lenses designated DA-2 and DA-3 and were supplied by Polaroid Corporation. The goggles were put on immediately following light pre-adaptation and were worn without interruption for 25 to 30 min while the subject sat reading magazines by Mazda lamp illumination of 9 mL. Five repeat tests were made on laboratory assistant, L. T. and two on M. P.
Table IV
Paired replicates for comparative monocular dark-adaptation thresholds after wearing a red goggle over the left eye and a blue goggle over the right eye for 30 minutes. Values given in log micromicrolamberts.a
I
II
III
Time: 1–2 min
Time: 3–4 min
Time: 5–6 min
Cases
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
F.M.
3.04
4.22
+1.18
2.60
3.39
+0.79
2.47
3.10
+0.63
J.S.
2.77
3.69
+0.92
2.49
3.28
+0.79
2.54
3.00
+0.46
C.O.
2.65
3.43
+0.78
2.60
3.20
+0.60
2.90
3.10
+0.20
E.S.
2.94
3.75
+0.81
2.55
3.43
+0.88
2.44
2.85
+0.41
S.R.
2.44
3.44
+1.00
2.44
2.90
+0.46
2.21
2.77
+0.56
F.W.
2.54
3.91
+1.37
2.44
3.44
+1.00
2.41
2.94
+0.53
F.G.
2.77
3.10
+0.33
2.49
2.64
+0.15
2.44
2.50
+0.06
B.B.
2.37
3.59
+1.22
2.23
2.52
+0.29
2.12
2.57
+0.45
G.M.
2.94
3.59
+0.65
2.97
3.25
+0.28
2.60
3.00
+0.40
N=9 Ms.
2.718
3.636
+0.918
2.534
3.117
+0.583
2.459
2.870
+0.411
<P=0.01
<P=0.01
<P=0.01
IV
V
VI
Time: 7–8 min
Time: 9–10 min
Time: 11–12 min
Cases
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
F.M
2.50
3.27
+0.77
2.29
2.93
+0.64
2.44
2.94
+0.50
J.S.
2.80
2.89
+0.09
2.37
2.60
+0.23
2.50
2.75
+0.25
C.O.
2.57
2.90
+0.33
2.52
2.90
+0.38
2.34
2.78
+0.44
E.S.
2.36
2.54
+0.18
2.04
2.35
+0.31
2.34
2.84
+0.50
S.R.
2.04
2.57
+0.53
2.29
2.60
+0.31
2.12
2.44
+0.32
F.W.
2.27
2.67
+0.40
2.34
2.67
+0.33
2.21
2.62
+0.41
E.G.
2.50
2.50
±0.00
2.41
2.49
+0.08
2.34
2.54
+0.20
B.B.
1.97
2.36
+0.39
2.18
2.52
+0.34
2.02
2.20
+0.18
G.M.
2.52
2.82
+0.30
2.57
2.68
+0.11
2.24
2.50
+0.26
2.392
2.724
+0.332
2.334
2.636
+0.302
2.283
2.623
+0.340
<P=0.01
<P=0.01
<P=0.01
VII
VIII
IX
Time: 13–14 min
Time: 15–16 min
Time: 17–18 min
Cases
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
Red
Blue
Diff.
F.M.
2.44
2.87
+0.43
2.32
2.98
+0.66
2.50
2.83
+0.33
J.S.
2.32
2.70
+0.38
2.28
2.49
+0.21
2.30
2.50
+0.14
C.O.
2.37
2.70
+0.33
2.55
2.65
+0.10
2.32
2.52
+0.20
E.S.
2.36
2.57
+0.21
2.28
2.62
+0.34
2.31
2.67
+0.36
S.R.
2.21
2.44
+0.23
2.28
2.40
+0.12
2.21
2.37
+0.16
F.W.
2.23
2.57
+0.34
2.21
2.55
+0.34
2.27
2.44
+0.17
E.G.
2.49
2.45
−0.04
2.59
2.50
−0.09
2.44
2.43
−0.01
B.B.
2.12
2.34
+0.22
1.86
2.18
+0.32
2.00
2.15
+0.15
G.M.
2.60
2.50
−0.10
2.13
2.40
+0.27
2.28
2.37
+0.09
2.349
2.571
+0.222
2.277
2.530
+0.253
2.299
2.476
+0.177
P=0.02
<P=0.01
<P=0.01
These 9 sets of observations were made on Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer No. 8 using Corning violet filter No. 5113. 2° test field centered 7° below a small red fixation point following pre-adaptation to 693 mL for 3 min. The goggles were made of Corning 2 in. polished disks, one No. 5551 blue, 4 percent photopic transmission and one No. 2403 red, 3.5 percent photopic transmission.
Table V
Paired replicates for comparative monocular dark-adaptation thresholds after wearing a red goggle over the left eye and an opaque screen over the right eye for 30 minutes. Values given in log micromicrolamberts.a
I
II
III
Time: 1–6 min
Time: 7–12 min
Time: 13–18 min
Cases
Red
Opaque
Diff.
Red
Opaque
Diff.
Red
Opaque
Diff.
S.R.
2.82
2.74
−0.08
2.55
2.63
+0.08
2.49
2.52
+0.03
F.B.
2.70
2.82
+0.12
2.89
2.96
+0.10
2.59
2.75
+0.16
L.T.
2.86
2.50
−0.36
2.73
2.58
−0.15
2.56
2.63
+0.07
H.M.
3.17
2.73
−0.44
2.71
2.62
−0.09
2.58
2.59
+0.01
B.W.
2.68
2.48
−0.20
2.79
2.47
−0.32
2.66
2.51
−0.15
H.C.
2.91
2.75
−0.16
2.60
2.61
+0.01
2.40
2.48
+0.08
E.G.
2.56
2.38
−0.18
2.51
2.36
−0.15
2.43
2.46
+0.03
A.R.
2.51
2.41
−0.10
2.30
2.35
+0.05
2.39
2.32
−0.07
C.R.
2.52
2.68
+0.16
2.55
2.65
+0.10
2.48
2.42
−0.06
F.T.
3.31
3.06
−0.25
2.79
2.65
−0.14
2.54
2.41
−0.13
A.K.
2.67
2.77
+0.10
2.46
2.41
−0.05
2.37
2.40
+0.03
E.W.
2.93
2.43
−0.50
2.62
2.47
−0.15
2.59
2.46
−0.13
F.M.
2.56
2.55
−0.01
2.09
2.13
+0.04
2.24
2.20
−0.04
J.S.
2.87
2.66
−0.21
2.56
2.65
+0.09
2.42
2.53
+0.11
D.G.
3.07
2.90
−0.17
2.76
2.77
+0.01
2.79
3.05
+0.26
M.H.
2.82
2.64
−0.18
2.59
2.38
−0.21
2.41
2.33
−0.08
N=16Ms.
2.810
2.657
−0.153
2.594
2.537
−0.057
2.491
2.504
+0.013
<P=0.01
>P=0.05
>P=0.05
Measurements taken with the aid of the Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer No. 8 using Corning violet filter No. 5113, 2° test field centered 7° below a small red fixation point. The adaptation goggles featured a red Corning No. 2403 disk for one eye and an opaque cardboard disk for the other. The eyes were tested alternately as rapidly as possible after the goggles were removed. The subjects were pre-adapted to 693 mL for 3 min.
Table VI
Paired replicates for comparative monocular dark-adaptation thresholds after wearing a red goggle over the right eye and an opaque screen over the left eye for 30 minutes. Values given in log micromicrolamberts.a
I
II
III
Time: 1–6 min
Time: 7–12 min
Time: 13–18 min
Cases
Red
Opaque
Diff.
Red
Opaque
Diff.
Red
Opaque
Diff.
S.R.
2.53
2.15
−0.35
2.42
2.19
−0.23
2.21
2.22
+0.01
F.B.
2.71
2.74
+0.03
2.77
2.79
+0.02
2.75
2.79
+0.04
L.T.
2.72
2.52
−0.20
2.56
2.37
−0.19
2.43
2.42
−0.01
H.M.
3.17
2.70
−0.47
3.02
3.32
+0.30
3.01
2.71
−0.30
B.W.
2.56
2.44
−0.12
2.60
2.59
−0.01
2.53
2.44
−0.09
H.C.
2.83
2.74
−0.09
2.61
2.98
+0.37
2.54
2.58
+0.04
E.G.
2.61
2.48
−0.13
2.65
2.53
−0.12
2.49
2.46
−0.03
A.R.
2.56
2.34
−0.22
2.44
2.25
−0.19
2.45
2.19
−0.26
C.R.
2.68
2.36
−0.32
2.62
2.74
+0.12
2.77
2.57
−0.20
F.T.
2.68
2.61
−0.07
2.43
2.29
−0.14
2.28
2.25
−0.03
A.K.
3.53
3.20
−0.33
3.09
2.86
−0.23
3.14
2.94
−0.20
E.W.
2.63
2.72
+0.09
2.52
2.69
+0.17
2.50
2.90
+0.40
F.M.
2.74
2.68
−0.06
2.74
2.50
−0.24
2.78
2.55
−0.23
J.S.
2.69
2.50
−0.19
2.64
2.58
−0.06
2.63
2.61
−0.02
D.G.
3.83
3.63
−0.20
3.14
3.25
+0.11
3.09
2.95
−0.14
M.H.
3.24
2.99
−0.25
2.98
2.66
−0.32
⋯
⋯
⋯
N=16Ms.
2.857
2.675
−0.182
2.702
2.662
−0.040
2.640
2.572
−0.068
<P=0.01
>P=0.05
>P=0.05
Measurements taken with the aid of the Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer No. 8 using Corning violet filter No. 5113, 2° test field centered 7° below a small red fixation point. The adaptation goggles featured a red Corning No. 2403 disk for one eye and an opaque cardboard disk for the other. The eyes were tested alternately as rapidly as possible after the goggles were removed. The subjects were pre-adapted to 693 mL for 3 min.
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