Synergized-Adaptive Multi-GATE Polling With Void Filling: Overcoming Performance Degradation in LR-PONs

Abhishek Dixit; Bart Lannoo; Didier Colle; Mario Pickavet; Piet Demeester

doi:10.1364/JOCN.7.000837

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 7,
Issue 9,
pp. 837-850
(2015)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.7.000837

Synergized-Adaptive Multi-GATE Polling With Void Filling: Overcoming Performance Degradation in LR-PONs

Abhishek Dixit, Bart Lannoo, Didier Colle, Mario Pickavet, and Piet Demeester

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Abhishek Dixit, Bart Lannoo, Didier Colle, Mario Pickavet, and Piet Demeester, "Synergized-Adaptive Multi-GATE Polling With Void Filling: Overcoming Performance Degradation in LR-PONs," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7, 837-850 (2015)

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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 3, 2014
- Revised Manuscript: June 16, 2015
- Manuscript Accepted: July 13, 2015
- Published: August 5, 2015

Abstract

Several dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms have been proposed for long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs). The gains in the current protocols, however, are incremental and limited to a specific range of loads. Using an analytical framework, we first examine the main sources of performance degradation specific to LR-PONs. From this, we conclude that there is a large scope for improvement in the performance by using an optimal cycle length, which is not influenced by reach, and which polls users according to their reported load while providing opportunities for pre-granting bandwidth at the optical network units. The fraction of bandwidth that is pre-granted should be decreased with load. To tailor these optimal design concepts in a DBA algorithm, we propose Synergized-Adaptive Multi-GATE polling with Void-filling (S-AMGAV), which reduces both the delay bound and packet loss rate by at least 50% when compared to the state-of-the-art DBAs like interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time (IPACT), IPACT with grant estimation (IPACT-GE), multi-thread polling (MTP), double phase polling (DPP), gate driven (GD), and AMGAV. S-AMGAV also maintains simplicity of the protocol while removing bandwidth inefficiencies prevailing in the existing protocols. We verify the usefulness of the algorithm through both analytical modeling and simulations.

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Symbols	Meaning
$N$	Number of users
$L_{c}$	Cycle length
$λ$	Arrival rate
$μ$	Service rate
$Λ$	Normalized load
$Λ_{T}$	Threshold load
$T_{u}$	Average time to transmit data
$T_{o}$	Average time to transmit overhead
$T_{v}$	Average time for which voids are created
$T_{n}$	Average time to transmit newly arrived packets
$T_{o / u}$	Average time of transmission of one ONU
$T_{g}$	Guard time between two ONUs’ slots
$T_{r}$	Time to transmit one REPORT message
$E$	Efficiency of void filling
$K$	Fraction of packets transmitted through void filling
$K_{opt}$	Optimal fraction of $K$
$K_{max}$	Maximum fraction of $K$ for system stability

Algorithms	$d_{poll}$	$d_{grant}$	$d_{trans}$	$d_{total}$
IPACT	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{Λ (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{(Δ + 2 T_{r})}{2} (\frac{3 N + Λ}{N - Λ})$
DPP	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{Λ (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{(Δ + 2 T_{r})}{2} (\frac{3 N + Λ}{N - Λ})$
MTP	$\frac{Δ}{2 N_{g}}$	$Δ$	$\frac{Λ Δ}{2 N N_{g}}$	$Δ (1 + \frac{1}{2 N_{g}} + \frac{Λ}{2 N N_{g}})$
GD	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{N (T_{g} + T_{r})}{1 - Λ}$	$Δ$	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{Λ (T_{g} + T_{r})}{1 - Λ}$	$Δ + \frac{(T_{g} + T_{r}) (N + Λ)}{2 (1 - Λ)}$
IPACT-GE	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{Λ (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{(Δ + 2 T_{r})}{2} (\frac{N + Λ}{N - Λ})$
AMGAV	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{L_{m}}{Max (N_{g})}$	$(1 - Λ) \frac{L_{m}}{Max (N_{g})} + Λ Δ$	$\frac{Λ}{2 N} \frac{L_{m}}{Max (N_{g})}$	$\frac{L_{m}}{Max (N_{g})} (1.5 - Λ) + Λ Δ$
S-AMGAV	$\frac{N E (T_{g} + T_{r})}{2 (E - Λ)}$	$\frac{N E (T_{g} + T_{r})}{2 (E - Λ)}$	$\frac{Λ E (T_{g} + T_{r})}{2 (E - Λ)}$	$\frac{E (T_{g} + T_{r}) (2 N + Λ)}{2 (E - Λ)}$

Symbols	Meaning
$N$	Number of users
$L_{c}$	Cycle length
$λ$	Arrival rate
$μ$	Service rate
$Λ$	Normalized load
$Λ_{T}$	Threshold load
$T_{u}$	Average time to transmit data
$T_{o}$	Average time to transmit overhead
$T_{v}$	Average time for which voids are created
$T_{n}$	Average time to transmit newly arrived packets
$T_{o / u}$	Average time of transmission of one ONU
$T_{g}$	Guard time between two ONUs’ slots
$T_{r}$	Time to transmit one REPORT message
$E$	Efficiency of void filling
$K$	Fraction of packets transmitted through void filling
$K_{opt}$	Optimal fraction of $K$
$K_{max}$	Maximum fraction of $K$ for system stability

Algorithms	$d_{poll}$	$d_{grant}$	$d_{trans}$	$d_{total}$
IPACT	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{Λ (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{(Δ + 2 T_{r})}{2} (\frac{3 N + Λ}{N - Λ})$
DPP	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{Λ (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{(Δ + 2 T_{r})}{2} (\frac{3 N + Λ}{N - Λ})$
MTP	$\frac{Δ}{2 N_{g}}$	$Δ$	$\frac{Λ Δ}{2 N N_{g}}$	$Δ (1 + \frac{1}{2 N_{g}} + \frac{Λ}{2 N N_{g}})$
GD	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{N (T_{g} + T_{r})}{1 - Λ}$	$Δ$	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{Λ (T_{g} + T_{r})}{1 - Λ}$	$Δ + \frac{(T_{g} + T_{r}) (N + Λ)}{2 (1 - Λ)}$
IPACT-GE	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{N (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{Λ (Δ + 2 T_{r})}{N - Λ}$	$\frac{(Δ + 2 T_{r})}{2} (\frac{N + Λ}{N - Λ})$
AMGAV	$\frac{1}{2} \frac{L_{m}}{Max (N_{g})}$	$(1 - Λ) \frac{L_{m}}{Max (N_{g})} + Λ Δ$	$\frac{Λ}{2 N} \frac{L_{m}}{Max (N_{g})}$	$\frac{L_{m}}{Max (N_{g})} (1.5 - Λ) + Λ Δ$
S-AMGAV	$\frac{N E (T_{g} + T_{r})}{2 (E - Λ)}$	$\frac{N E (T_{g} + T_{r})}{2 (E - Λ)}$	$\frac{Λ E (T_{g} + T_{r})}{2 (E - Λ)}$	$\frac{E (T_{g} + T_{r}) (2 N + Λ)}{2 (E - Λ)}$

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Equations (31)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking