Energy-Aware Design of Multilayer Core Networks [Invited]

Arsalan Ahmad; Andrea Bianco; Edoardo Bonetto; Luca Chiaraviglio; Filip Idzikowski

doi:10.1364/JOCN.5.00A127

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 5,
Issue 10,
pp. A127-A143
(2013)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.5.00A127

Energy-Aware Design of Multilayer Core Networks [Invited]

Arsalan Ahmad, Andrea Bianco, Edoardo Bonetto, Luca Chiaraviglio, and Filip Idzikowski

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Arsalan Ahmad, Andrea Bianco, Edoardo Bonetto, Luca Chiaraviglio, and Filip Idzikowski, "Energy-Aware Design of Multilayer Core Networks [Invited]," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5, A127-A143 (2013)

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Abstract

We consider the power-efficient design of an Internet protocol (IP)-over-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network, tackling the problem of installing optical and IP layer equipment to satisfy traffic requirements. We take into account routing constraints and consider a comprehensive set of realistic scenarios defined by network topology, traffic matrix, and power consumption values of network devices in both layers. Furthermore, besides defining and solving an optimal integer linear programming model, we propose an efficient heuristic to solve the problem up to medium-sized networks. The proposed heuristic requires at most 30% of additional power with respect to the optimal solution, but with a significantly reduced complexity. We show that the largest power consumption is due to line cards and routers rather than WDM equipment. Furthermore, we find that multipath routing reduces the network power consumption with respect to single-path routing, but not significantly. Finally, we show that a two-step design procedure, in which power is separately minimized in each layer (i.e., IP and WDM layers), can find results with a total power consumption comparable to the one achieved by a more complex joint multilayer design procedure.

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Symbol	Description
Parameters
$G = (V, E)$	undirected physical supply network with the set of nodes $V$ and the set of admissible physical links $E$
$P$	set of admissible physical routing paths in $G$ for all node pairs $(i, j) \in V \times V$ , $i < j$
$P_{i}$	subset of all admissible physical routing paths in $G$ ending at node $i \in V$ , ( $P_{i} \subset P$ )
$P_{(i, j)}$	subset of all admissible routing paths in $G$ between nodes $i$ and $j$ for every node pair $(i, j) \in V \times V$ , $i < j$ , ( $P_{(i, j)} \subset P$ )
$P_{e}$	subset of all admissible physical routing paths traversing admissible physical link $e \in E$ , ( $P_{e} \subset P$ )
$N$	set of IP routers that can be installed in the network
$R^{n}$	maximum switching capacity of router $n \in N$
$α^{n}$	power consumption of router $n \in N$
$β^{e}$	power consumption of a fiber (OLAs and WDM terminals) installed on link $e \in E$
$B$	capacity of a fiber in terms of number of wavelength channels
$L_{e}$	length (in kilometers) of the physical link $e \in E$
$N_{a}^{e}$	number of OLAs needed to amplify the signal at edge $e \in E$
$β^{a}$	power consumption of a single OLA
$β^{t}$	power consumption of a single WDM terminal
$γ$	power consumption of two line cards
$C$	module of bandwidth that can be installed on each path $p \in P$
$δ$	maximum admissible utilization of bandwidth installed on each path $p \in P$
$d_{i j}$	undirected traffic demand value between node $i$ and node $j$ , $i < j$
$d_{i}$	the total traffic demand of a network node $i$
$K$	set of commodities corresponding to those nodes in $V$ that are the source of at least one demand
$d_{i}^{k}$	net demand value for commodity $k \in K$ and node $k \in K$
$Δ$	maximum number of generations without improvements (GAGD)
$Θ$	size of the population (GAGD)
$Γ$	size of the offspring (GAGD)
Variables
$f_{i j}^{a b}$ , $f_{i j}^{a b}$	whether or not the traffic demand between nodes $a \in V$ and $b \in V$ uses the logical link between nodes $i \in V$ and $j \in V$ (both directions), $f_{i j}^{a b}$ , $f_{j i}^{a b} \in {0, 1}$ , SPR formulation
$y_{p}$	number of lightpaths realized on $p \in P$ , $y_{p} \in Z_{+}$
$z_{e}$	number of fibers installed on physical link $e \in E$ , $z_{e} \in Z_{+}$
$x_{i}^{n}$	whether or not router $n \in N$ is installed at node $i \in V$ , $x_{i}^{n} \in {0, 1}$
$f_{i j}^{k}$ , $f_{i j}^{k}$	the amount of traffic originated at node $a \in V$ and targeted to node $b \in V$ traversing the logical link between nodes and $i \in V$ and $j \in V$ (both directions), $f_{i j}^{k}$ , $f_{j i}^{k} \in R_{+}$ , MCF formulation
Metrics
$L^{MCF}$	number of lightpaths in the MCF solution
$L^{SPR}$	number of lightpaths in the SPR solution
$P^{MCF}$	total power consumption of the MCF solution
$P^{SPR}$	total power consumption of the SPR solution
$P^{2 S}$	total power consumption of a network designed with the two-step procedure
$P^{J}$	total power consumption of a network designed with the joint procedure
$Δ_{L}^{SPR - MCF}$	relative increase of the number of lightpaths in the SPR solution with respect to the MCF solution
$Δ_{P}^{SPR - MCF}$	relative increase of the power consumption in the SPR solution with respect to the MCF solution
$Δ_{P}^{2 S - J}$	relative increase of the power consumption due to the two-step procedure with respect to the joint procedure

Symbol	Type	Details	Power [W]
$γ / 2$	IP/multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) router line card	40 Gbps capacity, colored, up to 3000 km reach	500
$β^{a}$	OLA	Extended long haul (80 km span)	1) 110, 2) 622
$β^{t}$	WDM terminals ( $multiplexer / demultiplexer + booster / receiver amplifier$ )	80 channel (long haul, extended long haul, ultra long haul)	1) 240, 2) 811

Symbol	Description
Parameters
$G = (V, E)$	undirected physical supply network with the set of nodes $V$ and the set of admissible physical links $E$
$P$	set of admissible physical routing paths in $G$ for all node pairs $(i, j) \in V \times V$ , $i < j$
$P_{i}$	subset of all admissible physical routing paths in $G$ ending at node $i \in V$ , ( $P_{i} \subset P$ )
$P_{(i, j)}$	subset of all admissible routing paths in $G$ between nodes $i$ and $j$ for every node pair $(i, j) \in V \times V$ , $i < j$ , ( $P_{(i, j)} \subset P$ )
$P_{e}$	subset of all admissible physical routing paths traversing admissible physical link $e \in E$ , ( $P_{e} \subset P$ )
$N$	set of IP routers that can be installed in the network
$R^{n}$	maximum switching capacity of router $n \in N$
$α^{n}$	power consumption of router $n \in N$
$β^{e}$	power consumption of a fiber (OLAs and WDM terminals) installed on link $e \in E$
$B$	capacity of a fiber in terms of number of wavelength channels
$L_{e}$	length (in kilometers) of the physical link $e \in E$
$N_{a}^{e}$	number of OLAs needed to amplify the signal at edge $e \in E$
$β^{a}$	power consumption of a single OLA
$β^{t}$	power consumption of a single WDM terminal
$γ$	power consumption of two line cards
$C$	module of bandwidth that can be installed on each path $p \in P$
$δ$	maximum admissible utilization of bandwidth installed on each path $p \in P$
$d_{i j}$	undirected traffic demand value between node $i$ and node $j$ , $i < j$
$d_{i}$	the total traffic demand of a network node $i$
$K$	set of commodities corresponding to those nodes in $V$ that are the source of at least one demand
$d_{i}^{k}$	net demand value for commodity $k \in K$ and node $k \in K$
$Δ$	maximum number of generations without improvements (GAGD)
$Θ$	size of the population (GAGD)
$Γ$	size of the offspring (GAGD)
Variables
$f_{i j}^{a b}$ , $f_{i j}^{a b}$	whether or not the traffic demand between nodes $a \in V$ and $b \in V$ uses the logical link between nodes $i \in V$ and $j \in V$ (both directions), $f_{i j}^{a b}$ , $f_{j i}^{a b} \in {0, 1}$ , SPR formulation
$y_{p}$	number of lightpaths realized on $p \in P$ , $y_{p} \in Z_{+}$
$z_{e}$	number of fibers installed on physical link $e \in E$ , $z_{e} \in Z_{+}$
$x_{i}^{n}$	whether or not router $n \in N$ is installed at node $i \in V$ , $x_{i}^{n} \in {0, 1}$
$f_{i j}^{k}$ , $f_{i j}^{k}$	the amount of traffic originated at node $a \in V$ and targeted to node $b \in V$ traversing the logical link between nodes and $i \in V$ and $j \in V$ (both directions), $f_{i j}^{k}$ , $f_{j i}^{k} \in R_{+}$ , MCF formulation
Metrics
$L^{MCF}$	number of lightpaths in the MCF solution
$L^{SPR}$	number of lightpaths in the SPR solution
$P^{MCF}$	total power consumption of the MCF solution
$P^{SPR}$	total power consumption of the SPR solution
$P^{2 S}$	total power consumption of a network designed with the two-step procedure
$P^{J}$	total power consumption of a network designed with the joint procedure
$Δ_{L}^{SPR - MCF}$	relative increase of the number of lightpaths in the SPR solution with respect to the MCF solution
$Δ_{P}^{SPR - MCF}$	relative increase of the power consumption in the SPR solution with respect to the MCF solution
$Δ_{P}^{2 S - J}$	relative increase of the power consumption due to the two-step procedure with respect to the joint procedure

Symbol	Type	Details	Power [W]
$γ / 2$	IP/multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) router line card	40 Gbps capacity, colored, up to 3000 km reach	500
$β^{a}$	OLA	Extended long haul (80 km span)	1) 110, 2) 622
$β^{t}$	WDM terminals ( $multiplexer / demultiplexer + booster / receiver amplifier$ )	80 channel (long haul, extended long haul, ultra long haul)	1) 240, 2) 811

Abstract

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Tables (3)

Equations (16)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking