Impairment-Aware Manycast Routing, Modulation Level, and Spectrum Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks

Mehdi Habibi; Hamzeh Beyranvand

doi:10.1364/JOCN.11.000179

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 11,
Issue 5,
pp. 179-189
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.11.000179

Impairment-Aware Manycast Routing, Modulation Level, and Spectrum Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks

Mehdi Habibi and Hamzeh Beyranvand

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Mehdi Habibi and Hamzeh Beyranvand, "Impairment-Aware Manycast Routing, Modulation Level, and Spectrum Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 11, 179-189 (2019)

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Abstract

In this paper, we study the impairment-aware manycast routing, modulation level, and spectrum assignment problem in elastic optical networks. We formulate a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that serves all the given manycast requests at once, referred to as a joint impairment-aware MILP. The formulated MILP can be used to jointly serve diverse traffic types, i.e., manycast, multicast, anycast, and unicast requests. In this formulation, nonlinear interference noise generated in fibers, the noise of optical amplifiers, the limitation of the maximum splitting degree of multicast-capable nodes (MCNs), and the power penalty of splitting the data flow into multiple branches at MCNs are considered. Furthermore, by modifying the joint MILP, two decomposed MILPs and corresponding heuristic algorithms are proposed to find a light-tree and assign modulation level and spectrum to the given requests, sequentially. We simulated the proposed heuristic algorithms and joint MILP (as a benchmark) and compared them with their distance-adaptive (DA) alternatives by considering a small-scale network. Our results reveal that our heuristic algorithms perform close to the joint MILP and have lower spectrum consumption than the DA alternatives. Furthermore, the performance of the heuristic algorithms is evaluated by considering a large-scale network. We observe that the number of occupied frequency slots and the average SNR of the network depend on the transmission power, and there is an optimum value for transmission power that maximizes the spectral efficiency. Moreover, the results show that the impairment-aware schemes outperform their DA alternatives in terms of spectrum consumption.

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Symbol	Definition
$α$	Optical field fiber loss (1/m), such that for distance $d$ , power attenuation is $e^{- 2 α d}$
$γ$	Fiber nonlinearity coefficient ( $1 / W \cdot m$ )
$β_{2}$	Second-order fiber distortion (s/m)
$L_{s}$	Span length ( $m$ )
$L_{eff}$	Span effective length ( $m$ ), which is $(1 - e^{- 2 α L_{s}}) / 2 α$
$ξ$	Constant, which equals $(8 γ^{2} L_{eff}^{2} (2 α)) / (27 π \| β_{2} \|)$
$C_{l}$	Set of connections on link $l$
$N_{l}^{s}$	Number of spans on link $l$
$f_{l}^{n}$	Center frequency of $n$ th connection in link $l$ (Hz)
$B_{l}^{n}$	Bandwidth of $n$ th connection in link $l$ (Hz)
$P_{l}^{n}$	Signal power of $n$ th connection in link $l$ (W)
$R_{l}^{n}$	Baud rate of $n$ th connection in link $l$ (baud/s)
$n_{s p}$	Spontaneous emission factor
$h$	Planck’s constant, which is $6.626 \times 10^{- 34} (J \cdot s)$
$G_{amp}$	Amplifier gain
$ν$	Optical carrier frequency (Hz)
$ϕ_{l}^{n}$	Constant related to the modulation of $n$ th connection in link $l$
$G_{l}^{n}$	Signal PSD of $n$ th connection in link $l$ (W/Hz)
$G_{a, m}^{ASE}$	PSD of ASE noise of amplifier $a$ on connection $m$ (W/Hz)
$G_{l, m}^{NLI}$	PSD of total NLI in link $l$ on connection $m$ (W/Hz)

Traffic Type	Spectrum Consumption					SNR					Run Time (s)
Traffic Type	JIA	FIA	PIA	JDA	SDA	JIA	FIA	PIA	JDA	SDA	JIA	FIA	PIA	JDA	SDA
Anycast	4.67	5.07	5.07	5.46	5.63	72.29	68.12	67.29	72.24	71.77	6.75	3.65	2.39	1.16	0.97
Unicast	5.8	6.27	6.3	8.26	8.73	56.01	52.83	53.55	51.42	48.37	42.62	2.20	1.74	3.86	0.73
Manycast	6.53	8.83	8.77	8.66	11.9	42.29	43.66	43.28	40.13	40.42	531.042	4.64	3.75	14.46	1.19
Mixed	7.30	8.63	8.7	10.13	11.9	41.41	40.63	40.63	38.84	35.67	381.51	4.58	2.96	16.32	1.08
Multicast	10.28	13.77	13.77	14.7	19	25.84	25.07	24.98	23.69	21.74	1296.37	5.43	4.11	190.08	1.11

Request Type	Spectrum Consumption			SNR			Modulation			Run Time (s)
Request Type	FIA	PIA	SDA	FIA	PIA	SDA	FIA	PIA	SDA	FIA	PIA	SDA
Anycast	27.6	27.7	29.5	86.57	85.92	85.26	3.77	3.77	3.34	984.43	746.68	49.78
Unicast	82.4	73.8	78.3	40.59	40.87	42.75	3.01	3.02	2.67	897.55	585.53	41.00
Manycast	117.4	120.4	133.8	24.78	24.99	24.58	2.85	2.82	2.45	4534.85	1114.97	58.58
Mixed	157.2	142.2	171.8	34.6	36.06	36.28	2.87	2.93	2.53	2546.72	827.46	50.96
Multicast	260.33	254.33	304.67	14.33	14.31	13.64	2.29	2.2	1.93	8972.07	1218.37	70.57

Symbol	Definition
$α$	Optical field fiber loss (1/m), such that for distance $d$ , power attenuation is $e^{- 2 α d}$
$γ$	Fiber nonlinearity coefficient ( $1 / W \cdot m$ )
$β_{2}$	Second-order fiber distortion (s/m)
$L_{s}$	Span length ( $m$ )
$L_{eff}$	Span effective length ( $m$ ), which is $(1 - e^{- 2 α L_{s}}) / 2 α$
$ξ$	Constant, which equals $(8 γ^{2} L_{eff}^{2} (2 α)) / (27 π \| β_{2} \|)$
$C_{l}$	Set of connections on link $l$
$N_{l}^{s}$	Number of spans on link $l$
$f_{l}^{n}$	Center frequency of $n$ th connection in link $l$ (Hz)
$B_{l}^{n}$	Bandwidth of $n$ th connection in link $l$ (Hz)
$P_{l}^{n}$	Signal power of $n$ th connection in link $l$ (W)
$R_{l}^{n}$	Baud rate of $n$ th connection in link $l$ (baud/s)
$n_{s p}$	Spontaneous emission factor
$h$	Planck’s constant, which is $6.626 \times 10^{- 34} (J \cdot s)$
$G_{amp}$	Amplifier gain
$ν$	Optical carrier frequency (Hz)
$ϕ_{l}^{n}$	Constant related to the modulation of $n$ th connection in link $l$
$G_{l}^{n}$	Signal PSD of $n$ th connection in link $l$ (W/Hz)
$G_{a, m}^{ASE}$	PSD of ASE noise of amplifier $a$ on connection $m$ (W/Hz)
$G_{l, m}^{NLI}$	PSD of total NLI in link $l$ on connection $m$ (W/Hz)

Traffic Type	Spectrum Consumption					SNR					Run Time (s)
Traffic Type	JIA	FIA	PIA	JDA	SDA	JIA	FIA	PIA	JDA	SDA	JIA	FIA	PIA	JDA	SDA
Anycast	4.67	5.07	5.07	5.46	5.63	72.29	68.12	67.29	72.24	71.77	6.75	3.65	2.39	1.16	0.97
Unicast	5.8	6.27	6.3	8.26	8.73	56.01	52.83	53.55	51.42	48.37	42.62	2.20	1.74	3.86	0.73
Manycast	6.53	8.83	8.77	8.66	11.9	42.29	43.66	43.28	40.13	40.42	531.042	4.64	3.75	14.46	1.19
Mixed	7.30	8.63	8.7	10.13	11.9	41.41	40.63	40.63	38.84	35.67	381.51	4.58	2.96	16.32	1.08
Multicast	10.28	13.77	13.77	14.7	19	25.84	25.07	24.98	23.69	21.74	1296.37	5.43	4.11	190.08	1.11

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Equations (52)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking