512-ONU Real-Time Dynamic Load Balancing With Few Wavelength Reallocations in 40&#x2009;&#x2009;Gbps &#x3BB;-Tunable WDM/TDM-PON [Invited]

Yumiko Senoo; Tomoaki Yoshida; Shin Kaneko; Jun Sugawa; Koji Wakayama; Shunji Kimura; Ken-Ichi Suzuki; Akihiro Otaka

doi:10.1364/JOCN.7.00B202

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 7,
Issue 12,
pp. B202-B211
(2015)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.7.00B202

512-ONU Real-Time Dynamic Load Balancing With Few Wavelength Reallocations in 40 Gbps λ-Tunable WDM/TDM-PON [Invited]

Yumiko Senoo, Tomoaki Yoshida, Shin Kaneko, Jun Sugawa, Koji Wakayama, Shunji Kimura, Ken-Ichi Suzuki, and Akihiro Otaka

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Yumiko Senoo, Tomoaki Yoshida, Shin Kaneko, Jun Sugawa, Koji Wakayama, Shunji Kimura, Ken-Ichi Suzuki, and Akihiro Otaka, "512-ONU Real-Time Dynamic Load Balancing With Few Wavelength Reallocations in 40 Gbps λ-Tunable WDM/TDM-PON [Invited]," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7, B202-B211 (2015)

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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: June 16, 2015
- Revised Manuscript: October 27, 2015
- Manuscript Accepted: October 28, 2015
- Published: November 25, 2015
Virtual Issues
Journal of Optical Communications and Networking OFC 2015 (2015)

Abstract

The wavelength (λ)-tunable wavelength-division multiplexing/time-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM/TDM-PON) can distribute traffic loads fairly by dynamically reallocating a certain number of optical network units (ONUs) from highly loaded optical subscriber units (OSUs) to lightly loaded OSUs. This reallocation can be executed by hitless $λ$ -tuning. However, hitless $λ$ -tuning causes delays or fluctuations in traffic. To reduce these penalties, the number of wavelength reallocations should be suppressed. Thus, we proposed a dynamic-load-balancing (DLB) algorithm that can distribute traffic loads among OSUs with few wavelength reallocations. However, no demonstration of the proposed DLB algorithm had been conducted up to now, and the impact of the reallocation frequency on the average latency remained unevaluated. In this paper, we demonstrate the DLB algorithm in a 40-Gbps $λ$ -tunable WDM/TDM-PON. The demonstrations confirm that our DLB algorithm can distribute 512-ONU traffic loads fairly among 4 OSUs in real time with fewer reallocation frequencies compared to the conventional round-robin algorithm, and little impact on average latency, with various input traffic rates.

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Article		Value
ONU number	$i$	$1, 2, \dots, 512$
OSU number	$j$	1,2,3,4
Traffic volume of $ONU # i$ between $t - Δ t$ to $t$	$T_{i, t}$	The measured values
Modified moving average (MMA) of $ONU # i$ between $t - Δ t \cdot N$ to $t$	${MMA}_{i, t}$	$((N - 1) \cdot {MMA}_{i, t} - \otimes t + T_{i, t}) / N$
OSU identifier that $ONU # i$ is connected to at $t$	$P_{i, t}$	The read or overwrite values
Total MMA of $OSU # j$ between $t - Δ t \cdot N$ to $t$	$L_{j, t^{'}}$	$\sum_{P_{i, t^{'} = j}}^{i} {MMA}_{i, t}$
Sequence number of OSU after sorting $L_{j, t^{'}}$ in ascending order	$H_{j}$	$L_{H_{1}, t^{'}} \leq L_{H_{2}, t^{'}} \leq L_{H_{3}, t^{'}} \leq L_{H_{4}, t^{'}}$
Optimum displacement value	$α$	$(L_{H_{4}, t^{'}} - L_{H_{1}, t^{'}} \leq) / 2$
Number of selected ONU	$u$	—

	Maximunm Latency [ms]
Input Traffic Rate per ONU [Mbps]	ONU#1	ONU#2
0.05	4.68	5.02
0.5	1.91	4.87
5	4.77	4.78
50	4.83	4.87

Article		Value
ONU number	$i$	$1, 2, \dots, 512$
OSU number	$j$	1,2,3,4
Traffic volume of $ONU # i$ between $t - Δ t$ to $t$	$T_{i, t}$	The measured values
Modified moving average (MMA) of $ONU # i$ between $t - Δ t \cdot N$ to $t$	${MMA}_{i, t}$	$((N - 1) \cdot {MMA}_{i, t} - \otimes t + T_{i, t}) / N$
OSU identifier that $ONU # i$ is connected to at $t$	$P_{i, t}$	The read or overwrite values
Total MMA of $OSU # j$ between $t - Δ t \cdot N$ to $t$	$L_{j, t^{'}}$	$\sum_{P_{i, t^{'} = j}}^{i} {MMA}_{i, t}$
Sequence number of OSU after sorting $L_{j, t^{'}}$ in ascending order	$H_{j}$	$L_{H_{1}, t^{'}} \leq L_{H_{2}, t^{'}} \leq L_{H_{3}, t^{'}} \leq L_{H_{4}, t^{'}}$
Optimum displacement value	$α$	$(L_{H_{4}, t^{'}} - L_{H_{1}, t^{'}} \leq) / 2$
Number of selected ONU	$u$	—

	Maximunm Latency [ms]
Input Traffic Rate per ONU [Mbps]	ONU#1	ONU#2
0.05	4.68	5.02
0.5	1.91	4.87
5	4.77	4.78
50	4.83	4.87

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Journal of Optical Communications and Networking