Abstract

Optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) featured with narrowband transmission dips (or reflection peaks) have been maturely employed in technologies of optical communications, lasers and sensors. Here, we report a simple strategy to control the lineshapes of FBG's transmission dip by inserting the FBG in one arm of an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The transmission dip could be modulated into an asymmetric Fano-like lineshape or a transmission peak, which is controlled by the phase difference between the two arms of the MZI. It works for the uniform, chirped, and phase-shifted FBG. We experimentally verify it with a uniform FBG, showing freely modulated asymmetric Fano-like lineshape with the optical delay line, strain and temperature. Due to the modulation, the maximal slope rate is 49.1 dB/nm, and the Fano parameter q can be tuned from -∞ to +∞. The tunable lineshapes of the FBGs might open up a new window for the applications of traditional FBGs in lasers, communications and sensors.

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