Abstract

Polarization-modulated optical signals can be demodulated via direct detection of Stokes vectors. In this article, we develop a quantum theory of noise in the Stokes vector receiver. Examining the conditions that enable simultaneous measurement of three elements of the Stokes vector, we demonstrate that an optical pre-amplifier in front of the Stokes vector receiver can reduce the power penalty associated with simultaneous measurements, down to the quantum limit of 3 dB. Then, the 3-D Gaussian noise model for the shot noise and optical pre-amplifier noise is discussed. Subsequently, based on the noise analyses, we derive bit error rate formulae for the cubic-lattice polarization modulation format and evaluate the sensitivity of the Stokes vector receiver.

Sensitivity analysis of optically preamplified Stokes-vector receivers using analytically derived formulae for bit-error rate

Kazuro Kikuchi
Opt. Express 28(18) 26007-26017 (2020)

Characterization of semiconductor-laser phase noise and estimation of bit-error rate performance with low-speed offline digital coherent receivers

Kazuro Kikuchi
Opt. Express 20(5) 5291-5302 (2012)

Bit Error Rate Analysis of Rectangular QAM/FSO Systems Using an APD Receiver Over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels

Bach T. Vu, Ngoc T. Dang, Truong C. Thang, and Anh T. Pham
J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5(5) 437-446 (2013)

Multi-level signaling in the Stokes space and its application to large-capacity optical communications

Kazuro Kikuchi and Shojiro Kawakami
Opt. Express 22(7) 7374-7387 (2014)

Bit-error rate and frequency response in superregenerative semiconductor laser receivers

M. C. España-Boquera and A. Puerta-Notario
Opt. Lett. 24(3) 157-159 (1999)