Abstract

Short range optical data links are experiencing bandwidth limitations making it very challenging to cope with the growing data transmission capacity demands. Parallel optics appears as a valid short-term solution. It is, however, not a viable solution in the long-term because of its complex optical packaging. Therefore, increasing effort is now put into the possibility of exploiting higher order modulation formats with increased spectral efficiency and reduced optical transceiver complexity. As these type of links are based on intensity modulation and direct detection, modulation formats relying on optical coherent detection can not be straight forwardly employed. As an alternative and more viable solution, this paper proposes the use of carrierless amplitude phase (CAP) in a novel multiband approach (MultiCAP) that achieves record spectral efficiency, increases tolerance towards dispersion and bandwidth limitations, and reduces the complexity of the transceiver. We report on numerical simulations and experimental demonstrations with capacity beyond 100 Gb/s transmission using a single externally modulated laser. In addition, an extensive comparison with conventional CAP is also provided. The reported experiment uses MultiCAP to achieve 102.4 Gb/s transmission, corresponding to a data payload of 95.2 Gb/s error free transmission by using a 7% forward error correction code. The signal is successfully recovered after 15 km of standard single mode fiber in a system limited by a 3 dB bandwidth of 14 GHz.

© 2013 IEEE

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  1. D. J. Law, W. W. Diab, A. Healey, S. B. Carlson, and V. Maguire. (2012, Jul.). IEEE 802.3 Industry Connections Ethernet Bandwidth Assessment. IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group, Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieee802.org/3/ad\_hoc/bwa/BWA\_Report.pdf .
  2. D. Ofelt, M. Nowell, and J. DAmbrosia. (2013, Mar.). 400 Gigabit Ethernet Call-For-Interest Consensus, IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group, Orlando, FL, USA, Tech. Rep..
  3. R. Gutierrez-Castrejon, P. Torres-Ferrera, "Design and technical feasibility of next 400 GbE 40-km PMD based on 16 25 Gbps Architecture," J. Lightw. Technol. 31, 2386-2393 (2013 ).
  4. C. Cole, "Beyond 100G client optics," IEEE Commun. Mag. 50, s58- s66 (2012).
  5. A. S. Karar and J. C. Cartledge, “Generation and detection of a 112-Gb/s dual polarization signal using a directly modulated laser and half-cycle 16-QAM Nyquist-subcarrier-modulation,” presented at the Eur. Conf. Optical Communication, Amsterdam, Netherlands 2012, Paper Th.3.A.4..
  6. R. Rodes, M. Mueller, B. Li, J. Estaran, J. B. Jensen, T. Gruendl, M. Ortsiefer, C. Neumeyr, J. Rosskopf, K. J. Larsen, M.-C. Amann, I. T. Monroy, "High-speed 1550 nm VCSEL data transmission link employing 25 GBd 4-PAM modulation and hard decision forward error correction," J. Lightw. Technol. 31, 689 -695 (2013).
  7. T. Tanaka and M. Nishihara, “Experimental investigation of 100-Gbps transmission over 80-km single mode fiber using discrete multi-tone modulation,” in Proc SPIE, vol. 8646, pp. 86460J-1–86460J-8, 2013..
  8. D. D. Falconer, “Carrierless AM/PM,” Bell Laboratories, NJ, USA, Bell Laboratories Technical Memorandum, Tech. Rep., 1975..
  9. A. Shalash, K. Parhi, "Multidimensional carrierless AM/PM systems for digital subscriber loops," Trans. Commun. 47, 1655 -1667 (1999).
  10. G.-H. Im, D. Harman, G. Huang, A. Mandzik, M.-H. Nguyen, J.-J. Werner, "51.84 Mb/s 16-CAP ATM LAN standard ," J. Sel. Areas Commun. 13, 620-632 (1995).
  11. J. Gao, “Equalisation for carrierless amplitude and phase modulation,” Ph.D dissertation, Curtin Univ. Technol., Bentley, W.A., Australia, 2002..
  12. J. Gao and Y. Leung, “A new adaptive equalizer for carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) receivers,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. VLSI, 1999, vol. 3, Cat. No. 99CH36349, pp. 90–93..
  13. “Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) transceivers,” ITU Recommendation G.992.1, 1999..
  14. M. B. Othman, M. Wieckowski, J. B. Jensen, I. T. Monroy, "Experimental investigations of 3-D-/4-D-CAP modulation with directly modulated VCSELs," Photon. Technol. Lett. 24, 2009-2012 (2012).
  15. J. D. Ingham, R. V. Penty, I. H. White, and D. G. Cunningham, “40 Gb/s carrierless amplitude and phase modulation for low-cost optical datacommunication links,” in Proc. Opt. Fiber Commun., Nat. Fiber Opt. Eng. Conf., 2011, pp. 1–3, Paper OThZ3..
  16. M. Iglesias Olmedo, Z. Tianjian, J. Bevensee Jensen, Z. Qiwen, X. Xu, and I. T. Monroy, “Towards 400GBASE 4-lane solution using direct detection of MultiCAP signal in 14 GHz bandwidth per lane,” presented at the Opt. Fiber Commun., Nat. Fiber Opt. Eng. Conf., Anaheim, CA, 2013, Paper PDP5C.10..
  17. I. Dedic, “High-speed CMOS DSP and data converters,” presented at the Optical Fiber Communication, National Fiber Optical Engineers Conf., Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2011, Paper OTuN1. .
  18. (2013). Active Optical Cabling Markets: 2013 and Beyond. Communications Industry Researchers, Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.giiresearch.com/report/ci200306-active-optical-cabling-markets-2011-beyond.html.
  19. L. Garth, J.-J. Werner, "Blind equalization algorithms for dual-mode CAP-QAM reception," Trans. Commun. 49, 455-466 (2001).
  20. S. Daumont, B. Rihawi, Y. Lout, "Root-Raised Cosine filter influences on PAPR distribution of single carrier signals," Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Commun., Control Signal Process. (2008) pp. 841-845.
  21. R. Schmogrow, B. Nebendahl, M. Winter, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, S. Koenig, J. Meyer, M. Dreschmann, M. Huebner, C. Koos, J. Becker, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, "Error vector magnitude as a performance measure for advanced modulation formats," Photon. Technol. Lett. 24, 61 -63 (2012).
  22. N. G. Gonzalez, D. Zibar, X. Yu, and I. T. Monroy, “Optical phase-modulated radio-over-fiber links with k-means algorithm for digital demodulation of 8PSK subcarrier multiplexed signals,” in Proc. Opt. Fiber Commun., Nat. Fiber Opt. Eng. Conf. (OFC/NFOEC) , 2010, pp. 1–3, Paper OML3..
  23. D. Zibar, O. Winther, N. Franceschi, R. Borkowski, A. Caballero, V. Arlunno, M. N. Schmidt, N. G. Gonzales, B. Mao, Y. Ye, K. J. Larsen, I. T. Monroy, "Nonlinear impairment compensation using expectation maximization for dispersion managed and unmanaged PDM 16-QAM transmission," Opt. Exp. 20, B181-B196 (2012).
  24. A. Shalash, K. Parhi, "Comparison of discrete multitone and carrierless AM/PM techniques for line equalization ," Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. (1996) pp. 560-563.

2013 (1)

R. Rodes, M. Mueller, B. Li, J. Estaran, J. B. Jensen, T. Gruendl, M. Ortsiefer, C. Neumeyr, J. Rosskopf, K. J. Larsen, M.-C. Amann, I. T. Monroy, "High-speed 1550 nm VCSEL data transmission link employing 25 GBd 4-PAM modulation and hard decision forward error correction," J. Lightw. Technol. 31, 689 -695 (2013).

2012 (4)

M. B. Othman, M. Wieckowski, J. B. Jensen, I. T. Monroy, "Experimental investigations of 3-D-/4-D-CAP modulation with directly modulated VCSELs," Photon. Technol. Lett. 24, 2009-2012 (2012).

R. Schmogrow, B. Nebendahl, M. Winter, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, S. Koenig, J. Meyer, M. Dreschmann, M. Huebner, C. Koos, J. Becker, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, "Error vector magnitude as a performance measure for advanced modulation formats," Photon. Technol. Lett. 24, 61 -63 (2012).

D. Zibar, O. Winther, N. Franceschi, R. Borkowski, A. Caballero, V. Arlunno, M. N. Schmidt, N. G. Gonzales, B. Mao, Y. Ye, K. J. Larsen, I. T. Monroy, "Nonlinear impairment compensation using expectation maximization for dispersion managed and unmanaged PDM 16-QAM transmission," Opt. Exp. 20, B181-B196 (2012).

C. Cole, "Beyond 100G client optics," IEEE Commun. Mag. 50, s58- s66 (2012).

2001 (1)

L. Garth, J.-J. Werner, "Blind equalization algorithms for dual-mode CAP-QAM reception," Trans. Commun. 49, 455-466 (2001).

1999 (1)

A. Shalash, K. Parhi, "Multidimensional carrierless AM/PM systems for digital subscriber loops," Trans. Commun. 47, 1655 -1667 (1999).

1995 (1)

G.-H. Im, D. Harman, G. Huang, A. Mandzik, M.-H. Nguyen, J.-J. Werner, "51.84 Mb/s 16-CAP ATM LAN standard ," J. Sel. Areas Commun. 13, 620-632 (1995).

IEEE Commun. Mag. (1)

C. Cole, "Beyond 100G client optics," IEEE Commun. Mag. 50, s58- s66 (2012).

Opt. Exp. (1)

D. Zibar, O. Winther, N. Franceschi, R. Borkowski, A. Caballero, V. Arlunno, M. N. Schmidt, N. G. Gonzales, B. Mao, Y. Ye, K. J. Larsen, I. T. Monroy, "Nonlinear impairment compensation using expectation maximization for dispersion managed and unmanaged PDM 16-QAM transmission," Opt. Exp. 20, B181-B196 (2012).

J. Lightw. Technol. (2)

R. Rodes, M. Mueller, B. Li, J. Estaran, J. B. Jensen, T. Gruendl, M. Ortsiefer, C. Neumeyr, J. Rosskopf, K. J. Larsen, M.-C. Amann, I. T. Monroy, "High-speed 1550 nm VCSEL data transmission link employing 25 GBd 4-PAM modulation and hard decision forward error correction," J. Lightw. Technol. 31, 689 -695 (2013).

R. Gutierrez-Castrejon, P. Torres-Ferrera, "Design and technical feasibility of next 400 GbE 40-km PMD based on 16 25 Gbps Architecture," J. Lightw. Technol. 31, 2386-2393 (2013 ).

J. Sel. Areas Commun. (1)

G.-H. Im, D. Harman, G. Huang, A. Mandzik, M.-H. Nguyen, J.-J. Werner, "51.84 Mb/s 16-CAP ATM LAN standard ," J. Sel. Areas Commun. 13, 620-632 (1995).

Photon. Technol. Lett. (2)

M. B. Othman, M. Wieckowski, J. B. Jensen, I. T. Monroy, "Experimental investigations of 3-D-/4-D-CAP modulation with directly modulated VCSELs," Photon. Technol. Lett. 24, 2009-2012 (2012).

R. Schmogrow, B. Nebendahl, M. Winter, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, S. Koenig, J. Meyer, M. Dreschmann, M. Huebner, C. Koos, J. Becker, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, "Error vector magnitude as a performance measure for advanced modulation formats," Photon. Technol. Lett. 24, 61 -63 (2012).

Trans. Commun. (1)

L. Garth, J.-J. Werner, "Blind equalization algorithms for dual-mode CAP-QAM reception," Trans. Commun. 49, 455-466 (2001).

Trans. Commun. (1)

A. Shalash, K. Parhi, "Multidimensional carrierless AM/PM systems for digital subscriber loops," Trans. Commun. 47, 1655 -1667 (1999).

Other (15)

T. Tanaka and M. Nishihara, “Experimental investigation of 100-Gbps transmission over 80-km single mode fiber using discrete multi-tone modulation,” in Proc SPIE, vol. 8646, pp. 86460J-1–86460J-8, 2013..

D. D. Falconer, “Carrierless AM/PM,” Bell Laboratories, NJ, USA, Bell Laboratories Technical Memorandum, Tech. Rep., 1975..

A. S. Karar and J. C. Cartledge, “Generation and detection of a 112-Gb/s dual polarization signal using a directly modulated laser and half-cycle 16-QAM Nyquist-subcarrier-modulation,” presented at the Eur. Conf. Optical Communication, Amsterdam, Netherlands 2012, Paper Th.3.A.4..

D. J. Law, W. W. Diab, A. Healey, S. B. Carlson, and V. Maguire. (2012, Jul.). IEEE 802.3 Industry Connections Ethernet Bandwidth Assessment. IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group, Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieee802.org/3/ad\_hoc/bwa/BWA\_Report.pdf .

D. Ofelt, M. Nowell, and J. DAmbrosia. (2013, Mar.). 400 Gigabit Ethernet Call-For-Interest Consensus, IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group, Orlando, FL, USA, Tech. Rep..

J. D. Ingham, R. V. Penty, I. H. White, and D. G. Cunningham, “40 Gb/s carrierless amplitude and phase modulation for low-cost optical datacommunication links,” in Proc. Opt. Fiber Commun., Nat. Fiber Opt. Eng. Conf., 2011, pp. 1–3, Paper OThZ3..

M. Iglesias Olmedo, Z. Tianjian, J. Bevensee Jensen, Z. Qiwen, X. Xu, and I. T. Monroy, “Towards 400GBASE 4-lane solution using direct detection of MultiCAP signal in 14 GHz bandwidth per lane,” presented at the Opt. Fiber Commun., Nat. Fiber Opt. Eng. Conf., Anaheim, CA, 2013, Paper PDP5C.10..

I. Dedic, “High-speed CMOS DSP and data converters,” presented at the Optical Fiber Communication, National Fiber Optical Engineers Conf., Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2011, Paper OTuN1. .

(2013). Active Optical Cabling Markets: 2013 and Beyond. Communications Industry Researchers, Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.giiresearch.com/report/ci200306-active-optical-cabling-markets-2011-beyond.html.

J. Gao, “Equalisation for carrierless amplitude and phase modulation,” Ph.D dissertation, Curtin Univ. Technol., Bentley, W.A., Australia, 2002..

J. Gao and Y. Leung, “A new adaptive equalizer for carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) receivers,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. VLSI, 1999, vol. 3, Cat. No. 99CH36349, pp. 90–93..

“Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) transceivers,” ITU Recommendation G.992.1, 1999..

S. Daumont, B. Rihawi, Y. Lout, "Root-Raised Cosine filter influences on PAPR distribution of single carrier signals," Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Commun., Control Signal Process. (2008) pp. 841-845.

N. G. Gonzalez, D. Zibar, X. Yu, and I. T. Monroy, “Optical phase-modulated radio-over-fiber links with k-means algorithm for digital demodulation of 8PSK subcarrier multiplexed signals,” in Proc. Opt. Fiber Commun., Nat. Fiber Opt. Eng. Conf. (OFC/NFOEC) , 2010, pp. 1–3, Paper OML3..

A. Shalash, K. Parhi, "Comparison of discrete multitone and carrierless AM/PM techniques for line equalization ," Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. (1996) pp. 560-563.

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