Abstract
In this paper, we model and analyze the end-to-end energy consumption of 100-Gbps
coherent long-haul transmission systems. In particular, we investigate the impact of
forward error correction (FEC) on the end-to-end energy consumption. We compare the
energy efficiency of commonly used modulation formats in 100-Gbps transmission, namely
dual polarization-quadrature phase-shift-keying (DP-QPSK) and dual
polarization-16-quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16-QAM), for different transmission
distance and input bit error rate. Our energy model includes consumption of transmitter,
booster, link amplifier as well as receiver. Compared with previous digital signal
processing models, we provide a very detailed model that not only includes all the
significant functional blocks (such as timing and carrier recovery, chromatic and
polarization mode dispersion compensation, and FEC), but also takes into account impact
of the number of samples processed every clock cycle and of operations other than
multiplications. We have found that receiver energy consumption dominates in
transmission systems that use electronic dispersion compensation over long transmission
distances. Our results show that for short transmission distances where hard-decision
decoding is adequate for both modulation formats, DP-16-QAM is more energy efficient
than DP-QPSK. However, as the transmission distance increases, the energy saving due to
the low symbol rate of DP-16-QAM is offset by the energy consumption of soft-decision
decoding. In this case, the two modulation formats have approximately similar energy
consumption.
© 2014 IEEE
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