Abstract

Exploding traffic demands and increasing energy consumptions facing today's networks are driving the designs of next-generation networking technologies. Cross-layer enabled approaches will allow for the packet-level control of the optical layer, to enable dynamic resource allocation and traffic engineering at the physical layer. We demonstrate an intelligent cross-layer enabled network node that can support high-bandwidth, all-optically routed packets, using emerging photonic technologies including optical packet switched fabrics and packet-scale performance monitoring. Using a cross-layer control and management plane, the node can dynamically optimize optical switching based on higher-layer constraints such as quality-of-service and energy consumption, as well as quality-of-transmission metrics such as link integrity and bit-error rates.We demonstrate a first-generation prototype of the cross-layer node, outlining its architecture and major implemented subsystems. The packet-rate physical-layer reconfiguration of the node's fabric is shown using an implemented performance monitor and control plane. The realized node supports 8 × 40-Gb/s wavelength-striped optical packets with pseudorandom data with error-free transmission (bit-error rates less than 10<sup>-12</sup>), in conjunction with the heterogeneous transmission of video traffic using 10-Gigabit Ethernet optical network interface cards based on field-programmable gate arrays.

© 2013 IEEE

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  1. A. Odlyzko, Minnesota Internet Traffic Studies http://www.dtc.umn.edu/mints/.
  2. R. W. Tkach, "Scaling optical communications for the next decade and beyond," Bell Labs Tech. J. 14, 3-9 (2010).
  3. B. Swanson, G. Gilder, “Estimating the Exaflood: The Impact of Video and Rich Media on the Internet a Zettabyte by 2015,” Discovery Institute (2008) http://www.discovery.org/a/4428.
  4. C. Lange, D. Kosiankowski, R. Weidmann, A. Gladisch, "Energy consumption of telecommunication networks and related improvement options," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 17, 285-295 (2011).
  5. GreenTouch. http://www.greentouch.org/.
  6. P. J. Winzer, "Challenges and evolution of optical transport networks," Proc. ECOC (2010).
  7. D. C. Kilper, G. Atkinson, S. K. Korotky, S. Goyal, P. Vetter, D. Suvakovic, O. Blume, "Power trends in communication networks," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 17, 275-284 (2011).
  8. O. Tamm, C. Hermsmeyer, A. M. Rush, "Eco-sustainable system and network architectures for future transport networks," Bell Labs Tech. J. 14, 311-327 (2010).
  9. C. P. Lai, C. Ware, B. G. Bathula, D. Brunina, K. Bergman, "Intelligent highly-functional cross-layer optimized interfaces for future access/aggregation networks," 13th Int. Conf. Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) (2011) Paper We.B3.2.
  10. C. P. Lai, F. Fidler, K. Bergman, "Experimental demonstration of QoS-aware cross-layer packet protection switching," Proc. ECOC (2009).
  11. NSF Engineering Research Center for Integrated Access Networks (CIAN). http://cian-erc.org/.
  12. D. A. B. Miller, "Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips," Proc. IEEE 88, 728-749 (2000).
  13. R. Ramaswami, K. N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective (Morgan Kaufmann, 2002).
  14. S. Perrin, “The Need for Next-Generation ROADM Networks [White Paper],” Heavy Reading, (2010).
  15. C. Ware, C. P. Lai, D. Brunina, W. Zhang, A. S. Garg, B. G. Bathula, K. Bergman, "Cross-layer reconfigurable optical network: Fast failure recovery in testbed for routing algorithms," Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), (2011) Paper We.B3.3.
  16. A. Shacham, B. G. Lee, K. Bergman, "A wide-band nonblocking 2 × 2 switching node for a SPINet network," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 2742-2744 (2005).
  17. A. Shacham, K. Bergman, "An experimental validation of a wavelength-striped, packet switched, optical interconnection network," J. Lightw. Technol. 27, 841-850 (2009).
  18. C. P. Lai, D. Brunina, K. Bergman, "Demonstration of 8 × 40-Gb/s wavelength-striped packet switching in a multi-terabit capacity optical network test-bed," Proc. 23rd Annual Meeting IEEE Photonics Soc. (2010).
  19. W. Dally, B. Towles, Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks (Morgan Kaufmann, 2003).
  20. C. P. Lai, A. Shacham, K. Bergman, "Demonstration of asynchronous operation of a multiwavelength optical packet-switched fabric," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22, 1223-1225 (2010).
  21. S. Gupta, B. Jalali, "Time stretch enhanced recording oscilloscope," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 041 105-041 105-3 (2009).
  22. B. W. Buckley, A. Fard, B. Jalali, "Time-stretch analog-to-digital conversion using phase modulation and broadband balanced coherent detection for improving resolution," Proc. OFC/NFOEC (2011).
  23. C. P. Lai, J.-Y. Yang, A. S. Garg, M. S. Wang, M. R. Chitgarha, A. E. Willner, K. Bergman, "Experimental demonstration of packet-rate 10-Gb/s OOK OSNR monitoring for QoS-aware cross-layer packet protection," Opt. Exp. 19, 14 871-14 882 (2011).
  24. C. P. Lai, A. Fard, B. Buckley, B. Jalali, K. Bergman, "Cross-layer signal monitoring in an optical packet-switching test-bed via real-time burst sampling," Proc. 23rd Annual Meeting IEEE Photon. Soc. (2010).
  25. A. Fard, J.-Y. Yang, B. Buckley, J. Wang, M. Chitgarha, L. Zhang, A. E. Willner, B. Jalali, "100-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK signal monitoring using time-stretch enhanced recording oscilloscope," Proc. QELS (2011).
  26. S. Gupta, B. Jalali, A. Motafakker-Fard, Time Stretch Enhanced Recording Scope U.S. Patent 0 201 345 (2010).
  27. C. P. Lai, D. Brunina, C. Ware, B. G. Bathula, K. Bergman, "Demonstration of failure reconfiguration via cross-layer enabled optical switching fabrics," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23, 1679-1681 (2011).
  28. Y. Zhang, P. Chowdhury, M. Tornatore, B. Mukherjee, "Energy efficiency in telecom optical networks," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials 12, 441-458 (2010).
  29. G. Shen, R. S. Tucker, "Energy-minimized design for IP over WDM networks," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 1, 176-186 (2009).
  30. P. Winzer, G. Raybon, H. Song, A. Adamiecki, S. Corteselli, A. Gnauck, D. Fishman, C. Doerr, S. Chandrasekhar, L. Buhl, T. Xia, G. Wellbrock, W. Lee, B. Basch, T. Kawanishi, K. Higuma, Y. Painchaud, "100-Gb/s DQPSK transmission: From laboratory experiments to field trials," J. Lightw. Technol. 26, 3388-3402 (2008).
  31. H. Wang, A. S. Garg, K. Bergman, M. Glick, "Design and demonstration of an all-optical hybrid packet and circuit switched network platform for next generation data centers," Proc. OFC/NFOEC (2010).
  32. W. Zhang, A. S. Garg, H. Wang, C. P. Lai, J. Wu, J. Lin, K. Bergman, "Experimental demonstration of 10 Gigabit Ethernet-based optical interconnection network interface for large-scale computing systems," Proc. IPC (2011) pp. 443-444.
  33. C. P. Lai, K. Bergman, "Implementing an optical QoS encoding scheme in an optical packet switching fabric test-bed," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22, 1518-1520 (2010).
  34. C. P. Lai, K. Bergman, "Broadband multicasting for wavelength-striped optical packets," J. Lightw. Technol. 30, 1706-1718 (2012).
  35. FFmpeg http://www.ffmpeg.org/.

2012 (1)

C. P. Lai, K. Bergman, "Broadband multicasting for wavelength-striped optical packets," J. Lightw. Technol. 30, 1706-1718 (2012).

2011 (4)

C. P. Lai, J.-Y. Yang, A. S. Garg, M. S. Wang, M. R. Chitgarha, A. E. Willner, K. Bergman, "Experimental demonstration of packet-rate 10-Gb/s OOK OSNR monitoring for QoS-aware cross-layer packet protection," Opt. Exp. 19, 14 871-14 882 (2011).

C. P. Lai, D. Brunina, C. Ware, B. G. Bathula, K. Bergman, "Demonstration of failure reconfiguration via cross-layer enabled optical switching fabrics," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23, 1679-1681 (2011).

C. Lange, D. Kosiankowski, R. Weidmann, A. Gladisch, "Energy consumption of telecommunication networks and related improvement options," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 17, 285-295 (2011).

D. C. Kilper, G. Atkinson, S. K. Korotky, S. Goyal, P. Vetter, D. Suvakovic, O. Blume, "Power trends in communication networks," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 17, 275-284 (2011).

2010 (5)

O. Tamm, C. Hermsmeyer, A. M. Rush, "Eco-sustainable system and network architectures for future transport networks," Bell Labs Tech. J. 14, 311-327 (2010).

R. W. Tkach, "Scaling optical communications for the next decade and beyond," Bell Labs Tech. J. 14, 3-9 (2010).

C. P. Lai, A. Shacham, K. Bergman, "Demonstration of asynchronous operation of a multiwavelength optical packet-switched fabric," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22, 1223-1225 (2010).

Y. Zhang, P. Chowdhury, M. Tornatore, B. Mukherjee, "Energy efficiency in telecom optical networks," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials 12, 441-458 (2010).

C. P. Lai, K. Bergman, "Implementing an optical QoS encoding scheme in an optical packet switching fabric test-bed," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22, 1518-1520 (2010).

2009 (3)

A. Shacham, K. Bergman, "An experimental validation of a wavelength-striped, packet switched, optical interconnection network," J. Lightw. Technol. 27, 841-850 (2009).

G. Shen, R. S. Tucker, "Energy-minimized design for IP over WDM networks," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 1, 176-186 (2009).

S. Gupta, B. Jalali, "Time stretch enhanced recording oscilloscope," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 041 105-041 105-3 (2009).

2008 (1)

P. Winzer, G. Raybon, H. Song, A. Adamiecki, S. Corteselli, A. Gnauck, D. Fishman, C. Doerr, S. Chandrasekhar, L. Buhl, T. Xia, G. Wellbrock, W. Lee, B. Basch, T. Kawanishi, K. Higuma, Y. Painchaud, "100-Gb/s DQPSK transmission: From laboratory experiments to field trials," J. Lightw. Technol. 26, 3388-3402 (2008).

2005 (1)

A. Shacham, B. G. Lee, K. Bergman, "A wide-band nonblocking 2 × 2 switching node for a SPINet network," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 2742-2744 (2005).

2000 (1)

D. A. B. Miller, "Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips," Proc. IEEE 88, 728-749 (2000).

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

S. Gupta, B. Jalali, "Time stretch enhanced recording oscilloscope," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 041 105-041 105-3 (2009).

Bell Labs Tech. J. (2)

R. W. Tkach, "Scaling optical communications for the next decade and beyond," Bell Labs Tech. J. 14, 3-9 (2010).

O. Tamm, C. Hermsmeyer, A. M. Rush, "Eco-sustainable system and network architectures for future transport networks," Bell Labs Tech. J. 14, 311-327 (2010).

IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials (1)

Y. Zhang, P. Chowdhury, M. Tornatore, B. Mukherjee, "Energy efficiency in telecom optical networks," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials 12, 441-458 (2010).

IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. (2)

D. C. Kilper, G. Atkinson, S. K. Korotky, S. Goyal, P. Vetter, D. Suvakovic, O. Blume, "Power trends in communication networks," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 17, 275-284 (2011).

C. Lange, D. Kosiankowski, R. Weidmann, A. Gladisch, "Energy consumption of telecommunication networks and related improvement options," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 17, 285-295 (2011).

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (4)

A. Shacham, B. G. Lee, K. Bergman, "A wide-band nonblocking 2 × 2 switching node for a SPINet network," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 2742-2744 (2005).

C. P. Lai, A. Shacham, K. Bergman, "Demonstration of asynchronous operation of a multiwavelength optical packet-switched fabric," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22, 1223-1225 (2010).

C. P. Lai, D. Brunina, C. Ware, B. G. Bathula, K. Bergman, "Demonstration of failure reconfiguration via cross-layer enabled optical switching fabrics," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23, 1679-1681 (2011).

C. P. Lai, K. Bergman, "Implementing an optical QoS encoding scheme in an optical packet switching fabric test-bed," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22, 1518-1520 (2010).

J. Lightw. Technol. (3)

C. P. Lai, K. Bergman, "Broadband multicasting for wavelength-striped optical packets," J. Lightw. Technol. 30, 1706-1718 (2012).

P. Winzer, G. Raybon, H. Song, A. Adamiecki, S. Corteselli, A. Gnauck, D. Fishman, C. Doerr, S. Chandrasekhar, L. Buhl, T. Xia, G. Wellbrock, W. Lee, B. Basch, T. Kawanishi, K. Higuma, Y. Painchaud, "100-Gb/s DQPSK transmission: From laboratory experiments to field trials," J. Lightw. Technol. 26, 3388-3402 (2008).

A. Shacham, K. Bergman, "An experimental validation of a wavelength-striped, packet switched, optical interconnection network," J. Lightw. Technol. 27, 841-850 (2009).

J. Opt. Commun. Netw. (1)

Opt. Exp. (1)

C. P. Lai, J.-Y. Yang, A. S. Garg, M. S. Wang, M. R. Chitgarha, A. E. Willner, K. Bergman, "Experimental demonstration of packet-rate 10-Gb/s OOK OSNR monitoring for QoS-aware cross-layer packet protection," Opt. Exp. 19, 14 871-14 882 (2011).

Proc. IEEE (1)

D. A. B. Miller, "Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips," Proc. IEEE 88, 728-749 (2000).

Other (19)

R. Ramaswami, K. N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective (Morgan Kaufmann, 2002).

S. Perrin, “The Need for Next-Generation ROADM Networks [White Paper],” Heavy Reading, (2010).

C. Ware, C. P. Lai, D. Brunina, W. Zhang, A. S. Garg, B. G. Bathula, K. Bergman, "Cross-layer reconfigurable optical network: Fast failure recovery in testbed for routing algorithms," Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), (2011) Paper We.B3.3.

C. P. Lai, D. Brunina, K. Bergman, "Demonstration of 8 × 40-Gb/s wavelength-striped packet switching in a multi-terabit capacity optical network test-bed," Proc. 23rd Annual Meeting IEEE Photonics Soc. (2010).

W. Dally, B. Towles, Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks (Morgan Kaufmann, 2003).

GreenTouch. http://www.greentouch.org/.

P. J. Winzer, "Challenges and evolution of optical transport networks," Proc. ECOC (2010).

B. Swanson, G. Gilder, “Estimating the Exaflood: The Impact of Video and Rich Media on the Internet a Zettabyte by 2015,” Discovery Institute (2008) http://www.discovery.org/a/4428.

C. P. Lai, C. Ware, B. G. Bathula, D. Brunina, K. Bergman, "Intelligent highly-functional cross-layer optimized interfaces for future access/aggregation networks," 13th Int. Conf. Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) (2011) Paper We.B3.2.

C. P. Lai, F. Fidler, K. Bergman, "Experimental demonstration of QoS-aware cross-layer packet protection switching," Proc. ECOC (2009).

NSF Engineering Research Center for Integrated Access Networks (CIAN). http://cian-erc.org/.

C. P. Lai, A. Fard, B. Buckley, B. Jalali, K. Bergman, "Cross-layer signal monitoring in an optical packet-switching test-bed via real-time burst sampling," Proc. 23rd Annual Meeting IEEE Photon. Soc. (2010).

A. Fard, J.-Y. Yang, B. Buckley, J. Wang, M. Chitgarha, L. Zhang, A. E. Willner, B. Jalali, "100-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK signal monitoring using time-stretch enhanced recording oscilloscope," Proc. QELS (2011).

S. Gupta, B. Jalali, A. Motafakker-Fard, Time Stretch Enhanced Recording Scope U.S. Patent 0 201 345 (2010).

A. Odlyzko, Minnesota Internet Traffic Studies http://www.dtc.umn.edu/mints/.

B. W. Buckley, A. Fard, B. Jalali, "Time-stretch analog-to-digital conversion using phase modulation and broadband balanced coherent detection for improving resolution," Proc. OFC/NFOEC (2011).

H. Wang, A. S. Garg, K. Bergman, M. Glick, "Design and demonstration of an all-optical hybrid packet and circuit switched network platform for next generation data centers," Proc. OFC/NFOEC (2010).

W. Zhang, A. S. Garg, H. Wang, C. P. Lai, J. Wu, J. Lin, K. Bergman, "Experimental demonstration of 10 Gigabit Ethernet-based optical interconnection network interface for large-scale computing systems," Proc. IPC (2011) pp. 443-444.

FFmpeg http://www.ffmpeg.org/.

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