Abstract
White lighting LEDs offer great potential for high speed communications, especially for
indoor applications. However, for their widespread adoption, two important issues need to be
addressed: the lack of diversity in multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems, and the small
field of view of receivers. In this paper, we describe a design using a hemispherical lens in the
receiver that solves these problems. By using classical optics, we derive exact expressions for
the channel gain and the optical power density of the projected images. Simulation results of a
typical indoor scenario show that the new system has a wide field of view, and provides adequate
channel gain for angles of incidence as large as 70 degrees. We present the distribution of
optical power on the imaging plane for various receiving positions and tilted receivers over a
number of representative indoor scenarios. They show that the images of LEDs are clearly
distinguishable. The results demonstrate the presence of low channel correlations between
individual transmitters and receivers. Consequently, this confirms that the new technique is
capable of providing significant diversity order for MIMO optical wireless
applications.
© 2013 IEEE
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