Abstract
A thorough theoretical analysis of Mach–Zehnder-type ridge guide
modulators has been performed in this paper. A novel electrode/waveguide
structure was identified, yielding low driving voltages for high bandwidth
operation. Based on this design, the fabrication of improved modulators was
developed, introducing various novelties: low-loss Ti-indiffused wet-etched
ridge guides in LiNbO$_{3}$, a complete ridge guide interferometer, and a specific electrode
structure to be used with ridge interferometers. The operation of the
modulator was demonstrated, yielding $V_{\pi} = 2.14$ V and $V_{\pi}L = 5.35$ V${\cdot}$cm at low frequencies and an on–off extinction ratio of 20
dB.
© 2009 IEEE
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