Abstract
A study of the interaction of a continuous-wave Gaussian beam with a concave lens used as a spot-size
converter (SSC) is presented. The lens is based on a 2-D photonic crystal (PC) structure with a negative refractive
index. A numerical method based on a 2-D finite-difference time domain was employed to investigate the light
propagation in a photonic integrated circuitry (PIC). The PIC consisted of a single-mode fiber, an SSC, and a PC
waveguide (PCW). By employing an optimized planoconcave lens, a large spot-size area of the Gaussian beam was
focused/transformed into a very small spot-size area, which is even smaller than the order of the operating
wavelength. Optimization of the proposed device parameters has also been reported. A significant reduction in the
device size, transmission efficiency, and coupling efficiency has been achieved by optimizing the planoconcave lens
and the PCW.
© 2007 IEEE
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