Abstract
This paper critically compares, for the first time, common microwave and optical procedures used for the
high-speed characterization of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The intrinsic small-signal
modulation characteristics of a VCSEL are measured, and the related rate equation parameters are extracted. Observed
trends show excellent agreement with theory. The modulation characteristics of the VCSEL are determined by examining
three different responses: relative intensity noise, S21 response, and high-resolution optical spectra. The various
experimental techniques yielded consistent results. The relative strengths and weaknesses of each measurement are
investigated.
© 2007 IEEE
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