Abstract

The usefulness of visible lasers in treating vascular diseases is controversial. It is probable that multiple effects of visible lasers on blood vessels and their unclear mechanisms have hampered the usefulness of this therapy. Therefore, elucidating the precise actions and mechanisms of the effects of lasers on blood vessels would provide insight into potential biomedical applications. Here, using organ chamber isometric contraction measurements, western blotting, patch-clamp, and en face immunohistochemistry, we showed that a 445 nm diode laser contracted rat aortic rings, both by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and by increasing oxidative stress. In addition to the effects on the endothelium, the laser also directly relaxed and contracted vascular smooth muscle by inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels and by activating protein tyrosine kinases, respectively. Thus, we conclude that exposure to 445 nm laser might contract and dilate blood vessels in the endothelium and smooth muscle via distinct mechanisms.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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  1. M. Correia, V. Thiagarajan, I. Coutinho, G. P. Gajula, S. B. Petersen, and M. T. Neves-Petersen, “Modulating the structure of EGFR with UV light: new possibilities in cancer therapy,” PLoS One 9(11), e111617 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. G. Alivizatos and A. Skolarikos, “Greenlight laser in benign prostatic hyperplasia: turning green into gold,” Curr. Opin. Urol. 18(1), 46–49 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. K. Skriapas, W. Hellwig, M. Samarinas, U. Witzsch, and E. Becht, “Green light laser (KTP, 80 W) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia,” Minerva Urol. Nefrol. 62(2), 151–156 (2010).
    [PubMed]
  5. M. H. Gold, W. Sensing, and J. A. Biron, “Clinical efficacy of home-use blue-light therapy for mild-to moderate acne,” J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 13(6), 308–314 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
    [PubMed]
  7. R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. M. K. Y. Morimoto, H. Matsuo, and T. Arai, “Low-intensity Light Induces Vasomotion,” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 34, 283–284 (1996).
  9. X. Gao and D. Xing, “Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation,” J. Biomed. Sci. 16(1), 4 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. G. A. Knock and J. P. Ward, “Redox regulation of protein kinases as a modulator of vascular function,” Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15(6), 1531–1547 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. D. J. Sung, H. J. Noh, J. G. Kim, S. W. Park, B. Kim, H. Cho, and Y. M. Bae, “Serotonin contracts the rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Kv channels via the 5-HT2A receptor and Src tyrosine kinase,” Exp. Mol. Med. 45(12), e67 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. H. S. Leung, X. Yao, F. P. Leung, W. H. Ko, Z. Y. Chen, M. Gollasch, and Y. Huang, “Cilnidipine, a slow-acting Ca2+ channel blocker, induces relaxation in porcine coronary artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide and [Ca2+]i,” Br. J. Pharmacol. 147(1), 55–63 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. L. J. Ignarro, “Nitric oxide as a unique signaling molecule in the vascular system: a historical overview,” J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53(4 Pt 1), 503–514 (2002).
    [PubMed]
  16. D. B. Kim-Shapiro, A. N. Schechter, and M. T. Gladwin, “Unraveling the reactions of nitric oxide, nitrite, and hemoglobin in physiology and therapeutics,” Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26(4), 697–705 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  17. S. Dimmeler and A. M. Zeiher, “Nitric oxide-an endothelial cell survival factor,” Cell Death Differ. 6(10), 964–968 (1999).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. C. H. Chen, H. S. Hung, and S. H. Hsu, “Low-energy laser irradiation increases endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and eNOS gene expression possibly via PI3K signal pathway,” Lasers Surg. Med. 40(1), 46–54 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. J. Zhang, D. Xing, and X. Gao, “Low-power laser irradiation activates Src tyrosine kinase through reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 217(2), 518–528 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. J. Li, W. Li, B. T. Altura, and B. M. Altura, “Peroxynitrite-induced relaxation in isolated canine cerebral arteries and mechanisms of action,” Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 196(1), 176–182 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  22. A. K. Brzezinska, D. Gebremedhin, W. M. Chilian, B. Kalyanaraman, and S. J. Elliott, “Peroxynitrite reversibly inhibits Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells,” Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278(6), H1883–H1890 (2000).
    [PubMed]
  23. F. M. Faraci, “Reactive oxygen species: influence on cerebral vascular tone,” J. Appl. Physiol. 100(2), 739–743 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  24. Y. Fukuzaki, H. Sugawara, B. Yamanoha, and S. Kogure, “532 nm low-power laser irradiation recovers γ-secretase inhibitor-mediated cell growth suppression and promotes cell proliferation via Akt signaling,” PLoS One 8(8), e70737 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  25. G. Shefer, U. Oron, A. Irintchev, A. Wernig, and O. Halevy, “Skeletal muscle cell activation by low-energy laser irradiation: a role for the MAPK/ERK pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 187(1), 73–80 (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. Q. Gu, L. Wang, F. Huang, and W. Schwarz, “Stimulation of TRPV1 by Green Laser Light,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012, 857123 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  27. L. Wang, D. Zhang, and W. Schwarz, “TRPV Channels in Mast Cells as a Target for Low-Level-Laser Therapy,” Cells 3(3), 662–673 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. W. Z. Yang, J. Y. Chen, J. T. Yu, and L. W. Zhou, “Effects of low power laser irradiation on intracellular calcium and histamine release in RBL-2H3 mast cells,” Photochem. Photobiol. 83(4), 979–984 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2015 (1)

T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2014 (3)

M. Correia, V. Thiagarajan, I. Coutinho, G. P. Gajula, S. B. Petersen, and M. T. Neves-Petersen, “Modulating the structure of EGFR with UV light: new possibilities in cancer therapy,” PLoS One 9(11), e111617 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

L. Wang, D. Zhang, and W. Schwarz, “TRPV Channels in Mast Cells as a Target for Low-Level-Laser Therapy,” Cells 3(3), 662–673 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (2)

Y. Fukuzaki, H. Sugawara, B. Yamanoha, and S. Kogure, “532 nm low-power laser irradiation recovers γ-secretase inhibitor-mediated cell growth suppression and promotes cell proliferation via Akt signaling,” PLoS One 8(8), e70737 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. J. Sung, H. J. Noh, J. G. Kim, S. W. Park, B. Kim, H. Cho, and Y. M. Bae, “Serotonin contracts the rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Kv channels via the 5-HT2A receptor and Src tyrosine kinase,” Exp. Mol. Med. 45(12), e67 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (1)

Q. Gu, L. Wang, F. Huang, and W. Schwarz, “Stimulation of TRPV1 by Green Laser Light,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012, 857123 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (2)

G. A. Knock and J. P. Ward, “Redox regulation of protein kinases as a modulator of vascular function,” Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15(6), 1531–1547 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. H. Gold, W. Sensing, and J. A. Biron, “Clinical efficacy of home-use blue-light therapy for mild-to moderate acne,” J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 13(6), 308–314 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (1)

K. Skriapas, W. Hellwig, M. Samarinas, U. Witzsch, and E. Becht, “Green light laser (KTP, 80 W) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia,” Minerva Urol. Nefrol. 62(2), 151–156 (2010).
[PubMed]

2009 (1)

X. Gao and D. Xing, “Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation,” J. Biomed. Sci. 16(1), 4 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (4)

C. H. Chen, H. S. Hung, and S. H. Hsu, “Low-energy laser irradiation increases endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and eNOS gene expression possibly via PI3K signal pathway,” Lasers Surg. Med. 40(1), 46–54 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhang, D. Xing, and X. Gao, “Low-power laser irradiation activates Src tyrosine kinase through reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 217(2), 518–528 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Alivizatos and A. Skolarikos, “Greenlight laser in benign prostatic hyperplasia: turning green into gold,” Curr. Opin. Urol. 18(1), 46–49 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (1)

W. Z. Yang, J. Y. Chen, J. T. Yu, and L. W. Zhou, “Effects of low power laser irradiation on intracellular calcium and histamine release in RBL-2H3 mast cells,” Photochem. Photobiol. 83(4), 979–984 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (4)

F. M. Faraci, “Reactive oxygen species: influence on cerebral vascular tone,” J. Appl. Physiol. 100(2), 739–743 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. B. Kim-Shapiro, A. N. Schechter, and M. T. Gladwin, “Unraveling the reactions of nitric oxide, nitrite, and hemoglobin in physiology and therapeutics,” Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26(4), 697–705 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. S. Leung, X. Yao, F. P. Leung, W. H. Ko, Z. Y. Chen, M. Gollasch, and Y. Huang, “Cilnidipine, a slow-acting Ca2+ channel blocker, induces relaxation in porcine coronary artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide and [Ca2+]i,” Br. J. Pharmacol. 147(1), 55–63 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (1)

J. Li, W. Li, B. T. Altura, and B. M. Altura, “Peroxynitrite-induced relaxation in isolated canine cerebral arteries and mechanisms of action,” Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 196(1), 176–182 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (1)

L. J. Ignarro, “Nitric oxide as a unique signaling molecule in the vascular system: a historical overview,” J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53(4 Pt 1), 503–514 (2002).
[PubMed]

2001 (1)

G. Shefer, U. Oron, A. Irintchev, A. Wernig, and O. Halevy, “Skeletal muscle cell activation by low-energy laser irradiation: a role for the MAPK/ERK pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 187(1), 73–80 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (1)

A. K. Brzezinska, D. Gebremedhin, W. M. Chilian, B. Kalyanaraman, and S. J. Elliott, “Peroxynitrite reversibly inhibits Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells,” Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278(6), H1883–H1890 (2000).
[PubMed]

1999 (1)

S. Dimmeler and A. M. Zeiher, “Nitric oxide-an endothelial cell survival factor,” Cell Death Differ. 6(10), 964–968 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1996 (1)

M. K. Y. Morimoto, H. Matsuo, and T. Arai, “Low-intensity Light Induces Vasomotion,” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 34, 283–284 (1996).

1994 (1)

M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1991 (1)

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Akutagawa, M.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Alioua, A.

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Alivizatos, G.

G. Alivizatos and A. Skolarikos, “Greenlight laser in benign prostatic hyperplasia: turning green into gold,” Curr. Opin. Urol. 18(1), 46–49 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Altura, B. M.

J. Li, W. Li, B. T. Altura, and B. M. Altura, “Peroxynitrite-induced relaxation in isolated canine cerebral arteries and mechanisms of action,” Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 196(1), 176–182 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Altura, B. T.

J. Li, W. Li, B. T. Altura, and B. M. Altura, “Peroxynitrite-induced relaxation in isolated canine cerebral arteries and mechanisms of action,” Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 196(1), 176–182 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Amerini, S.

M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Arai, T.

M. K. Y. Morimoto, H. Matsuo, and T. Arai, “Low-intensity Light Induces Vasomotion,” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 34, 283–284 (1996).

Bae, Y. M.

D. J. Sung, H. J. Noh, J. G. Kim, S. W. Park, B. Kim, H. Cho, and Y. M. Bae, “Serotonin contracts the rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Kv channels via the 5-HT2A receptor and Src tyrosine kinase,” Exp. Mol. Med. 45(12), e67 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Becht, E.

K. Skriapas, W. Hellwig, M. Samarinas, U. Witzsch, and E. Becht, “Green light laser (KTP, 80 W) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia,” Minerva Urol. Nefrol. 62(2), 151–156 (2010).
[PubMed]

Birngruber, R.

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Biron, J. A.

M. H. Gold, W. Sensing, and J. A. Biron, “Clinical efficacy of home-use blue-light therapy for mild-to moderate acne,” J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 13(6), 308–314 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Brzezinska, A. K.

A. K. Brzezinska, D. Gebremedhin, W. M. Chilian, B. Kalyanaraman, and S. J. Elliott, “Peroxynitrite reversibly inhibits Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells,” Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278(6), H1883–H1890 (2000).
[PubMed]

Chase, S.

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, C. H.

C. H. Chen, H. S. Hung, and S. H. Hsu, “Low-energy laser irradiation increases endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and eNOS gene expression possibly via PI3K signal pathway,” Lasers Surg. Med. 40(1), 46–54 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, J. Y.

W. Z. Yang, J. Y. Chen, J. T. Yu, and L. W. Zhou, “Effects of low power laser irradiation on intracellular calcium and histamine release in RBL-2H3 mast cells,” Photochem. Photobiol. 83(4), 979–984 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, Z. Y.

H. S. Leung, X. Yao, F. P. Leung, W. H. Ko, Z. Y. Chen, M. Gollasch, and Y. Huang, “Cilnidipine, a slow-acting Ca2+ channel blocker, induces relaxation in porcine coronary artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide and [Ca2+]i,” Br. J. Pharmacol. 147(1), 55–63 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chikakiyo, M.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Chilian, W. M.

A. K. Brzezinska, D. Gebremedhin, W. M. Chilian, B. Kalyanaraman, and S. J. Elliott, “Peroxynitrite reversibly inhibits Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells,” Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278(6), H1883–H1890 (2000).
[PubMed]

Cho, H.

D. J. Sung, H. J. Noh, J. G. Kim, S. W. Park, B. Kim, H. Cho, and Y. M. Bae, “Serotonin contracts the rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Kv channels via the 5-HT2A receptor and Src tyrosine kinase,” Exp. Mol. Med. 45(12), e67 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cho, S. I.

Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Correia, M.

M. Correia, V. Thiagarajan, I. Coutinho, G. P. Gajula, S. B. Petersen, and M. T. Neves-Petersen, “Modulating the structure of EGFR with UV light: new possibilities in cancer therapy,” PLoS One 9(11), e111617 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Coutinho, I.

M. Correia, V. Thiagarajan, I. Coutinho, G. P. Gajula, S. B. Petersen, and M. T. Neves-Petersen, “Modulating the structure of EGFR with UV light: new possibilities in cancer therapy,” PLoS One 9(11), e111617 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

de la Torre, R.

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Delcea, M.

T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dimmeler, S.

S. Dimmeler and A. M. Zeiher, “Nitric oxide-an endothelial cell survival factor,” Cell Death Differ. 6(10), 964–968 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Eghbali, M.

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Elliott, S. J.

A. K. Brzezinska, D. Gebremedhin, W. M. Chilian, B. Kalyanaraman, and S. J. Elliott, “Peroxynitrite reversibly inhibits Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells,” Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278(6), H1883–H1890 (2000).
[PubMed]

Emoto, T.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Eto, S.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Faraci, F. M.

F. M. Faraci, “Reactive oxygen species: influence on cerebral vascular tone,” J. Appl. Physiol. 100(2), 739–743 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fukuzaki, Y.

Y. Fukuzaki, H. Sugawara, B. Yamanoha, and S. Kogure, “532 nm low-power laser irradiation recovers γ-secretase inhibitor-mediated cell growth suppression and promotes cell proliferation via Akt signaling,” PLoS One 8(8), e70737 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gajula, G. P.

M. Correia, V. Thiagarajan, I. Coutinho, G. P. Gajula, S. B. Petersen, and M. T. Neves-Petersen, “Modulating the structure of EGFR with UV light: new possibilities in cancer therapy,” PLoS One 9(11), e111617 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gao, X.

X. Gao and D. Xing, “Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation,” J. Biomed. Sci. 16(1), 4 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhang, D. Xing, and X. Gao, “Low-power laser irradiation activates Src tyrosine kinase through reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 217(2), 518–528 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gebremedhin, D.

A. K. Brzezinska, D. Gebremedhin, W. M. Chilian, B. Kalyanaraman, and S. J. Elliott, “Peroxynitrite reversibly inhibits Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells,” Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278(6), H1883–H1890 (2000).
[PubMed]

Geppetti, P.

M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gingrich, J. A.

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gladwin, M. T.

D. B. Kim-Shapiro, A. N. Schechter, and M. T. Gladwin, “Unraveling the reactions of nitric oxide, nitrite, and hemoglobin in physiology and therapeutics,” Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26(4), 697–705 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gold, M. H.

M. H. Gold, W. Sensing, and J. A. Biron, “Clinical efficacy of home-use blue-light therapy for mild-to moderate acne,” J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 13(6), 308–314 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gollasch, M.

H. S. Leung, X. Yao, F. P. Leung, W. H. Ko, Z. Y. Chen, M. Gollasch, and Y. Huang, “Cilnidipine, a slow-acting Ca2+ channel blocker, induces relaxation in porcine coronary artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide and [Ca2+]i,” Br. J. Pharmacol. 147(1), 55–63 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Granger, H. J.

M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gregory, K. W.

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gu, Q.

Q. Gu, L. Wang, F. Huang, and W. Schwarz, “Stimulation of TRPV1 by Green Laser Light,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012, 857123 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Halevy, O.

G. Shefer, U. Oron, A. Irintchev, A. Wernig, and O. Halevy, “Skeletal muscle cell activation by low-energy laser irradiation: a role for the MAPK/ERK pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 187(1), 73–80 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hellwig, W.

K. Skriapas, W. Hellwig, M. Samarinas, U. Witzsch, and E. Becht, “Green light laser (KTP, 80 W) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia,” Minerva Urol. Nefrol. 62(2), 151–156 (2010).
[PubMed]

Higashijima, J.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Hsu, S. H.

C. H. Chen, H. S. Hung, and S. H. Hsu, “Low-energy laser irradiation increases endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and eNOS gene expression possibly via PI3K signal pathway,” Lasers Surg. Med. 40(1), 46–54 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, F.

Q. Gu, L. Wang, F. Huang, and W. Schwarz, “Stimulation of TRPV1 by Green Laser Light,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012, 857123 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, Y.

H. S. Leung, X. Yao, F. P. Leung, W. H. Ko, Z. Y. Chen, M. Gollasch, and Y. Huang, “Cilnidipine, a slow-acting Ca2+ channel blocker, induces relaxation in porcine coronary artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide and [Ca2+]i,” Br. J. Pharmacol. 147(1), 55–63 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hung, H. S.

C. H. Chen, H. S. Hung, and S. H. Hsu, “Low-energy laser irradiation increases endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and eNOS gene expression possibly via PI3K signal pathway,” Lasers Surg. Med. 40(1), 46–54 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ignarro, L. J.

L. J. Ignarro, “Nitric oxide as a unique signaling molecule in the vascular system: a historical overview,” J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53(4 Pt 1), 503–514 (2002).
[PubMed]

Irintchev, A.

G. Shefer, U. Oron, A. Irintchev, A. Wernig, and O. Halevy, “Skeletal muscle cell activation by low-energy laser irradiation: a role for the MAPK/ERK pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 187(1), 73–80 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Iwata, T.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Kalyanaraman, B.

A. K. Brzezinska, D. Gebremedhin, W. M. Chilian, B. Kalyanaraman, and S. J. Elliott, “Peroxynitrite reversibly inhibits Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells,” Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278(6), H1883–H1890 (2000).
[PubMed]

Kashihara, H.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Kim, A.

Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, B.

D. J. Sung, H. J. Noh, J. G. Kim, S. W. Park, B. Kim, H. Cho, and Y. M. Bae, “Serotonin contracts the rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Kv channels via the 5-HT2A receptor and Src tyrosine kinase,” Exp. Mol. Med. 45(12), e67 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, J.

Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, J. G.

D. J. Sung, H. J. Noh, J. G. Kim, S. W. Park, B. Kim, H. Cho, and Y. M. Bae, “Serotonin contracts the rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Kv channels via the 5-HT2A receptor and Src tyrosine kinase,” Exp. Mol. Med. 45(12), e67 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, T. K.

Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim-Shapiro, D. B.

D. B. Kim-Shapiro, A. N. Schechter, and M. T. Gladwin, “Unraveling the reactions of nitric oxide, nitrite, and hemoglobin in physiology and therapeutics,” Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26(4), 697–705 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Knock, G. A.

G. A. Knock and J. P. Ward, “Redox regulation of protein kinases as a modulator of vascular function,” Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15(6), 1531–1547 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ko, W. H.

H. S. Leung, X. Yao, F. P. Leung, W. H. Ko, Z. Y. Chen, M. Gollasch, and Y. Huang, “Cilnidipine, a slow-acting Ca2+ channel blocker, induces relaxation in porcine coronary artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide and [Ca2+]i,” Br. J. Pharmacol. 147(1), 55–63 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kogure, S.

Y. Fukuzaki, H. Sugawara, B. Yamanoha, and S. Kogure, “532 nm low-power laser irradiation recovers γ-secretase inhibitor-mediated cell growth suppression and promotes cell proliferation via Akt signaling,” PLoS One 8(8), e70737 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kumar, Y.

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kundu, P.

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kurita, N.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Ledda, F.

M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, Y. R.

Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Leung, F. P.

H. S. Leung, X. Yao, F. P. Leung, W. H. Ko, Z. Y. Chen, M. Gollasch, and Y. Huang, “Cilnidipine, a slow-acting Ca2+ channel blocker, induces relaxation in porcine coronary artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide and [Ca2+]i,” Br. J. Pharmacol. 147(1), 55–63 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Leung, H. S.

H. S. Leung, X. Yao, F. P. Leung, W. H. Ko, Z. Y. Chen, M. Gollasch, and Y. Huang, “Cilnidipine, a slow-acting Ca2+ channel blocker, induces relaxation in porcine coronary artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide and [Ca2+]i,” Br. J. Pharmacol. 147(1), 55–63 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, J.

J. Li, W. Li, B. T. Altura, and B. M. Altura, “Peroxynitrite-induced relaxation in isolated canine cerebral arteries and mechanisms of action,” Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 196(1), 176–182 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, W.

J. Li, W. Li, B. T. Altura, and B. M. Altura, “Peroxynitrite-induced relaxation in isolated canine cerebral arteries and mechanisms of action,” Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 196(1), 176–182 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lu, R.

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Macfarlane, R.

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Maggi, C. A.

M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mahajan, U.

T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Masini, E.

M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Matsumoto, N.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Matsuo, H.

M. K. Y. Morimoto, H. Matsuo, and T. Arai, “Low-intensity Light Induces Vasomotion,” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 34, 283–284 (1996).

Mayerle, J.

T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Medvedev, N.

T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Morbidelli, L.

M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Morimoto, M. K. Y.

M. K. Y. Morimoto, H. Matsuo, and T. Arai, “Low-intensity Light Induces Vasomotion,” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 34, 283–284 (1996).

Münzenberg, M.

T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Neves-Petersen, M. T.

M. Correia, V. Thiagarajan, I. Coutinho, G. P. Gajula, S. B. Petersen, and M. T. Neves-Petersen, “Modulating the structure of EGFR with UV light: new possibilities in cancer therapy,” PLoS One 9(11), e111617 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nishi, M.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Noh, H. J.

D. J. Sung, H. J. Noh, J. G. Kim, S. W. Park, B. Kim, H. Cho, and Y. M. Bae, “Serotonin contracts the rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Kv channels via the 5-HT2A receptor and Src tyrosine kinase,” Exp. Mol. Med. 45(12), e67 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Oron, U.

G. Shefer, U. Oron, A. Irintchev, A. Wernig, and O. Halevy, “Skeletal muscle cell activation by low-energy laser irradiation: a role for the MAPK/ERK pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 187(1), 73–80 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Owen, C. J.

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Palankar, R.

T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Park, S. W.

D. J. Sung, H. J. Noh, J. G. Kim, S. W. Park, B. Kim, H. Cho, and Y. M. Bae, “Serotonin contracts the rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Kv channels via the 5-HT2A receptor and Src tyrosine kinase,” Exp. Mol. Med. 45(12), e67 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Parrish, J. A.

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Patino, T.

T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Petersen, S. B.

M. Correia, V. Thiagarajan, I. Coutinho, G. P. Gajula, S. B. Petersen, and M. T. Neves-Petersen, “Modulating the structure of EGFR with UV light: new possibilities in cancer therapy,” PLoS One 9(11), e111617 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Peterson, J. W.

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Samarinas, M.

K. Skriapas, W. Hellwig, M. Samarinas, U. Witzsch, and E. Becht, “Green light laser (KTP, 80 W) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia,” Minerva Urol. Nefrol. 62(2), 151–156 (2010).
[PubMed]

Sato, H.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Schechter, A. N.

D. B. Kim-Shapiro, A. N. Schechter, and M. T. Gladwin, “Unraveling the reactions of nitric oxide, nitrite, and hemoglobin in physiology and therapeutics,” Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26(4), 697–705 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schwarz, W.

L. Wang, D. Zhang, and W. Schwarz, “TRPV Channels in Mast Cells as a Target for Low-Level-Laser Therapy,” Cells 3(3), 662–673 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Gu, L. Wang, F. Huang, and W. Schwarz, “Stimulation of TRPV1 by Green Laser Light,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012, 857123 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sensing, W.

M. H. Gold, W. Sensing, and J. A. Biron, “Clinical efficacy of home-use blue-light therapy for mild-to moderate acne,” J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 13(6), 308–314 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shefer, G.

G. Shefer, U. Oron, A. Irintchev, A. Wernig, and O. Halevy, “Skeletal muscle cell activation by low-energy laser irradiation: a role for the MAPK/ERK pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 187(1), 73–80 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shimada, M.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Skolarikos, A.

G. Alivizatos and A. Skolarikos, “Greenlight laser in benign prostatic hyperplasia: turning green into gold,” Curr. Opin. Urol. 18(1), 46–49 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Skriapas, K.

K. Skriapas, W. Hellwig, M. Samarinas, U. Witzsch, and E. Becht, “Green light laser (KTP, 80 W) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia,” Minerva Urol. Nefrol. 62(2), 151–156 (2010).
[PubMed]

Stefani, E.

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sugawara, H.

Y. Fukuzaki, H. Sugawara, B. Yamanoha, and S. Kogure, “532 nm low-power laser irradiation recovers γ-secretase inhibitor-mediated cell growth suppression and promotes cell proliferation via Akt signaling,” PLoS One 8(8), e70737 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sung, D. J.

D. J. Sung, H. J. Noh, J. G. Kim, S. W. Park, B. Kim, H. Cho, and Y. M. Bae, “Serotonin contracts the rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Kv channels via the 5-HT2A receptor and Src tyrosine kinase,” Exp. Mol. Med. 45(12), e67 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Takahashi, A.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Takasu, C.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Teramura, A.

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Thiagarajan, V.

M. Correia, V. Thiagarajan, I. Coutinho, G. P. Gajula, S. B. Petersen, and M. T. Neves-Petersen, “Modulating the structure of EGFR with UV light: new possibilities in cancer therapy,” PLoS One 9(11), e111617 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Toro, L.

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Walowski, J.

T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, L.

L. Wang, D. Zhang, and W. Schwarz, “TRPV Channels in Mast Cells as a Target for Low-Level-Laser Therapy,” Cells 3(3), 662–673 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Gu, L. Wang, F. Huang, and W. Schwarz, “Stimulation of TRPV1 by Green Laser Light,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012, 857123 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ward, J. P.

G. A. Knock and J. P. Ward, “Redox regulation of protein kinases as a modulator of vascular function,” Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15(6), 1531–1547 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Weisstaub, N. V.

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wernig, A.

G. Shefer, U. Oron, A. Irintchev, A. Wernig, and O. Halevy, “Skeletal muscle cell activation by low-energy laser irradiation: a role for the MAPK/ERK pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 187(1), 73–80 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Witzsch, U.

K. Skriapas, W. Hellwig, M. Samarinas, U. Witzsch, and E. Becht, “Green light laser (KTP, 80 W) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia,” Minerva Urol. Nefrol. 62(2), 151–156 (2010).
[PubMed]

Xing, D.

X. Gao and D. Xing, “Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation,” J. Biomed. Sci. 16(1), 4 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhang, D. Xing, and X. Gao, “Low-power laser irradiation activates Src tyrosine kinase through reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 217(2), 518–528 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yamanoha, B.

Y. Fukuzaki, H. Sugawara, B. Yamanoha, and S. Kogure, “532 nm low-power laser irradiation recovers γ-secretase inhibitor-mediated cell growth suppression and promotes cell proliferation via Akt signaling,” PLoS One 8(8), e70737 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, W. Z.

W. Z. Yang, J. Y. Chen, J. T. Yu, and L. W. Zhou, “Effects of low power laser irradiation on intracellular calcium and histamine release in RBL-2H3 mast cells,” Photochem. Photobiol. 83(4), 979–984 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yao, X.

H. S. Leung, X. Yao, F. P. Leung, W. H. Ko, Z. Y. Chen, M. Gollasch, and Y. Huang, “Cilnidipine, a slow-acting Ca2+ channel blocker, induces relaxation in porcine coronary artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide and [Ca2+]i,” Br. J. Pharmacol. 147(1), 55–63 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yoshikawa, K.

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Yu, J. T.

W. Z. Yang, J. Y. Chen, J. T. Yu, and L. W. Zhou, “Effects of low power laser irradiation on intracellular calcium and histamine release in RBL-2H3 mast cells,” Photochem. Photobiol. 83(4), 979–984 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zeiher, A. M.

S. Dimmeler and A. M. Zeiher, “Nitric oxide-an endothelial cell survival factor,” Cell Death Differ. 6(10), 964–968 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zervas, N. T.

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, D.

L. Wang, D. Zhang, and W. Schwarz, “TRPV Channels in Mast Cells as a Target for Low-Level-Laser Therapy,” Cells 3(3), 662–673 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, J.

J. Zhang, D. Xing, and X. Gao, “Low-power laser irradiation activates Src tyrosine kinase through reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 217(2), 518–528 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhou, L. W.

W. Z. Yang, J. Y. Chen, J. T. Yu, and L. W. Zhou, “Effects of low power laser irradiation on intracellular calcium and histamine release in RBL-2H3 mast cells,” Photochem. Photobiol. 83(4), 979–984 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ziche, M.

M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. (1)

A. K. Brzezinska, D. Gebremedhin, W. M. Chilian, B. Kalyanaraman, and S. J. Elliott, “Peroxynitrite reversibly inhibits Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells,” Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278(6), H1883–H1890 (2000).
[PubMed]

Anticancer Res. (1)

N. Matsumoto, K. Yoshikawa, M. Shimada, N. Kurita, H. Sato, T. Iwata, J. Higashijima, M. Chikakiyo, M. Nishi, H. Kashihara, C. Takasu, S. Eto, A. Takahashi, M. Akutagawa, and T. Emoto, “Effect of light irradiation by light emitting diode on colon cancer cells,” Anticancer Res. 34(9), 4709–4716 (2014).
[PubMed]

Antioxid. Redox Signal. (1)

G. A. Knock and J. P. Ward, “Redox regulation of protein kinases as a modulator of vascular function,” Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15(6), 1531–1547 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1)

D. B. Kim-Shapiro, A. N. Schechter, and M. T. Gladwin, “Unraveling the reactions of nitric oxide, nitrite, and hemoglobin in physiology and therapeutics,” Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26(4), 697–705 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1)

Y. M. Bae, A. Kim, J. Kim, S. W. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. R. Lee, B. Kim, and S. I. Cho, “Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currents,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347(2), 468–476 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Br. J. Pharmacol. (1)

H. S. Leung, X. Yao, F. P. Leung, W. H. Ko, Z. Y. Chen, M. Gollasch, and Y. Huang, “Cilnidipine, a slow-acting Ca2+ channel blocker, induces relaxation in porcine coronary artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide and [Ca2+]i,” Br. J. Pharmacol. 147(1), 55–63 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cell Death Differ. (1)

S. Dimmeler and A. M. Zeiher, “Nitric oxide-an endothelial cell survival factor,” Cell Death Differ. 6(10), 964–968 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cells (1)

L. Wang, D. Zhang, and W. Schwarz, “TRPV Channels in Mast Cells as a Target for Low-Level-Laser Therapy,” Cells 3(3), 662–673 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Curr. Opin. Urol. (1)

G. Alivizatos and A. Skolarikos, “Greenlight laser in benign prostatic hyperplasia: turning green into gold,” Curr. Opin. Urol. 18(1), 46–49 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. (1)

Q. Gu, L. Wang, F. Huang, and W. Schwarz, “Stimulation of TRPV1 by Green Laser Light,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012, 857123 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Exp. Mol. Med. (1)

D. J. Sung, H. J. Noh, J. G. Kim, S. W. Park, B. Kim, H. Cho, and Y. M. Bae, “Serotonin contracts the rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Kv channels via the 5-HT2A receptor and Src tyrosine kinase,” Exp. Mol. Med. 45(12), e67 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Appl. Physiol. (1)

F. M. Faraci, “Reactive oxygen species: influence on cerebral vascular tone,” J. Appl. Physiol. 100(2), 739–743 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Biomed. Sci. (1)

X. Gao and D. Xing, “Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation,” J. Biomed. Sci. 16(1), 4 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Cell. Physiol. (2)

G. Shefer, U. Oron, A. Irintchev, A. Wernig, and O. Halevy, “Skeletal muscle cell activation by low-energy laser irradiation: a role for the MAPK/ERK pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 187(1), 73–80 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhang, D. Xing, and X. Gao, “Low-power laser irradiation activates Src tyrosine kinase through reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathway,” J. Cell. Physiol. 217(2), 518–528 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Clin. Invest. (1)

M. Ziche, L. Morbidelli, E. Masini, S. Amerini, H. J. Granger, C. A. Maggi, P. Geppetti, and F. Ledda, “Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P,” J. Clin. Invest. 94(5), 2036–2044 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. (1)

M. H. Gold, W. Sensing, and J. A. Biron, “Clinical efficacy of home-use blue-light therapy for mild-to moderate acne,” J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 13(6), 308–314 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Neurosurg. (1)

R. Macfarlane, A. Teramura, C. J. Owen, S. Chase, R. de la Torre, K. W. Gregory, J. W. Peterson, R. Birngruber, J. A. Parrish, and N. T. Zervas, “Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser,” J. Neurosurg. 75(4), 613–622 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Physiol. (1)

R. Lu, A. Alioua, Y. Kumar, P. Kundu, M. Eghbali, N. V. Weisstaub, J. A. Gingrich, E. Stefani, and L. Toro, “c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta,” J. Physiol. 586(16), 3855–3869 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (1)

L. J. Ignarro, “Nitric oxide as a unique signaling molecule in the vascular system: a historical overview,” J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53(4 Pt 1), 503–514 (2002).
[PubMed]

Lasers Surg. Med. (1)

C. H. Chen, H. S. Hung, and S. H. Hsu, “Low-energy laser irradiation increases endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and eNOS gene expression possibly via PI3K signal pathway,” Lasers Surg. Med. 40(1), 46–54 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. (1)

M. K. Y. Morimoto, H. Matsuo, and T. Arai, “Low-intensity Light Induces Vasomotion,” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 34, 283–284 (1996).

Minerva Urol. Nefrol. (1)

K. Skriapas, W. Hellwig, M. Samarinas, U. Witzsch, and E. Becht, “Green light laser (KTP, 80 W) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia,” Minerva Urol. Nefrol. 62(2), 151–156 (2010).
[PubMed]

Nanoscale (1)

T. Patino, U. Mahajan, R. Palankar, N. Medvedev, J. Walowski, M. Münzenberg, J. Mayerle, and M. Delcea, “Multifunctional gold nanorods for selective plasmonic photothermal therapy in pancreatic cancer cells using ultra-short pulse near-infrared laser irradiation,” Nanoscale 7(12), 5328–5337 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Photochem. Photobiol. (1)

W. Z. Yang, J. Y. Chen, J. T. Yu, and L. W. Zhou, “Effects of low power laser irradiation on intracellular calcium and histamine release in RBL-2H3 mast cells,” Photochem. Photobiol. 83(4), 979–984 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

PLoS One (2)

Y. Fukuzaki, H. Sugawara, B. Yamanoha, and S. Kogure, “532 nm low-power laser irradiation recovers γ-secretase inhibitor-mediated cell growth suppression and promotes cell proliferation via Akt signaling,” PLoS One 8(8), e70737 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Correia, V. Thiagarajan, I. Coutinho, G. P. Gajula, S. B. Petersen, and M. T. Neves-Petersen, “Modulating the structure of EGFR with UV light: new possibilities in cancer therapy,” PLoS One 9(11), e111617 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (1)

J. Li, W. Li, B. T. Altura, and B. M. Altura, “Peroxynitrite-induced relaxation in isolated canine cerebral arteries and mechanisms of action,” Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 196(1), 176–182 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Effects of 445 nm diode laser irradiation on the isometric contractions of aortic rings. A. Representative traces showing the effects of 445 nm laser-irradiation on the isometric contraction of an ‘endothelium-intact’ rat aortic ring. Intact function of the endothelium was verified by demonstrating acetylcholine (Ach, 100 μM)-induced relaxation after pre-contraction using 70 mM KCl. B. Representative traces showing the effects of 445 nm laser-irradiation on the isometric contraction of an ‘endothelium-denuded’ rat aortic ring. Removal of the endothelium was verified by demonstrating there was little effect of Ach after pre-contraction using 70 mM KCl. C. Representative traces showing the effects of a general protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, genistein (10 μM). In the presence of genistein, the 445 nm laser markedly relaxed the ‘endothelium-denuded’ aortic ring without subsequent contraction. D. Summary of the effects of 445 nm laser-irradiation on blood vessels with endothelium (left), without endothelium (middle), and without endothelium pretreated with genistein (right). Negative values indicate vasorelaxation and positive values vasoconstriction, respectively. E. Schematic illustration for isometric contraction experiments. F. Representative western blotting of whole-protein homogenate from A7r5 cells that were irradiated with the 445 nm laser as indicated. Similar results were obtained in three subsequent independent experiments. Schematic illustration showing the experimental setup for laser irradiation to A7r5 cells is shown as a figure inset. G. Effect of water level on the applied power of laser. The y-axis indicates laser power, measured as described in the methods section, and the x-axis indicates the depth of water (mm). The values are averages of 10 repeated measurements. ***indicates p < 0.001 between two groups. Numbers in parentheses indicate numbers of animals tested.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Effects of inhibitors of eNOS and endothelin-1 receptors, and reduced glutathione on 445 nm laser-induced effects in ‘endothelium-intact’ aortic rings. A and B. To inhibit endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 µM) was used for pretreatment. Pretreating with L-NAME abolished 445 nm laser-induced vasocontraction, which is shown before treatment with L-NAME (A), or potentiated vasorelaxation when the control response was relaxation-dominant (B). C. Representative traces showing the effects of sulfisoxazole (inhibitor of ET-1 receptor, 10 µM). In the presence of sulfisoxazole, the 445 nm laser still markedly contracted ‘endothelium-intact’ aortic rings. D. Representative traces showing the effect of reduced glutathione (GSH, 10 mM). After GSH pretreatment, the 445 nm laser failed to contract the aortic ring. E. Summary of the results shown in Fig. 2(A)-2(D). Negative values indicate vasorelaxation and positive values vasoconstriction. F. En face immunohistochemistry of phosphorylated eNOS in aortic tissue. The experimental setup of laser irradiation for en face immunohistochemistry experiments is schematically illustrated as a figure inset. Yellow color indicates eNOS, red color indicates phosphorylated eNOS, and blue color indicates the nucleus. Laser irradiation increased phosphorylation of eNOS in a time-dependent manner (0, 1, 3, and 5 min). *indicates p < 0.05 vs. control (the first response before various pretreatments). ***indicates p < 0.001 vs. control. Numbers in parentheses indicate numbers of animals tested.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Effects of NO on 445 nm laser irradiation-induced vasocontraction in ‘endothelium-intact’ aortic rings. A. Representative traces showing the effects of the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Intact function of the endothelium was verified by demonstrating acetylcholine (Ach, 100 μM)-induced relaxation at the beginning of the recording. SNP potentiated 445 nm laser-induced vasocontraction as well as abolished the initial minimal vasorelaxation in a concentration-dependent manner. SNP (10 nM) decreased the 35 mM KCl-induced vasocontraction, as was previously reported [13]. B. Summary of the effects of SNP (10 nM). ***indicates p < 0.001 vs. control (before SNP treatment). Numbers in parentheses indicate numbers of animals tested.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Effects of 445 nm laser irradiation on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) without endothelium. A. Representative traces showing the effects of 445 nm laser irradiation after 5-HT pre-contraction in an ‘endothelium-denuded’ aortic ring. To ensure the exclusion of eNOS, L-NAME (100 μM) was used for pretreatment. Without the endothelium, laser irradiation relaxed and then contracted (or decrease of relaxation) the aortic ring. Note that the response is qualitatively similar to those in Fig. 1(B), where pre-contraction was induced by 35 mM KCl. B. Representative traces showing the effects of pretreating with nifedipine (10 μM), a VLCC blocker. In the presence of nifedipine, the 445 nm laser markedly contracted the ‘endothelium-denuded’ aortic ring without relaxation. The minimal effect of Ach (100 μM) indicated that most of the endothelium was successfully removed. C. Summary of the effects of nifedipine on 445 nm laser irradiation-induced responses of ‘endothelium-denuded' aortic rings. D. Effects of 445 nm laser irradiation on VLCC currents. VLCC currents were elicited by repetitive depolarizing voltage steps to 0 mV from a holding potential of −70 mV. Representative time-plots of the peak VLCC current. The duration of laser irradiation is indicated as a solid bar. The raw current traces at the indicated points are shown as figure insets. Similar results were obtained in seven subsequent independent experiments. *indicates p < 0.05 vs. control. Numbers in parentheses indicate numbers of animals tested.

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