Abstract

We present novel optical and mechanical designs for a microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) system with enhanced function and ergonomics for visualization of ophthalmic surgical maneuvers. Integration of an electrically tunable lens allows rapid focal plane adjustment and iOCT imaging of both anterior and posterior segment tissue microstructures while maintaining parfocality with the ophthalmic surgical microscope. We demonstrate novel visualization of instrument positions relative to tissue layers of interest as colormap overlays onto en face OCT data, which may provide integrative display of volumetric information during surgical maneuvers. Finally, we implement a heads-up display system to provide real-time feedback as proof-of-principle for iOCT-guided ophthalmic surgery.

© 2014 Optical Society of America

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  1. M. Stopa, B. A. Bower, E. Davies, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Correlation of pathologic features in spectral domain optical coherence tomography with conventional retinal studies,” Retina 28(2), 298–308 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. T. Ide, J. Wang, A. Tao, T. Leng, G. D. Kymionis, T. P. O’Brien, and S. H. Yoo, “Intraoperative use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,”Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 41, 250–254 (2010).
  3. R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. J. P. Ehlers, D. Xu, P. K. Kaiser, R. P. Singh, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intrasurgical Dynamics of Macular Hole Surgery: An Assessment of Surgery-Induced Ultrastructural Alterations with Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” Retina 34(2), 213–221 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  5. J. P. Ehlers, M. P. Ohr, P. K. Kaiser, and S. K. Srivastava, “Novel microarchitectural dynamics in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments identified with intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” Retina 33(7), 1428–1434 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. J. P. Ehlers, T. Tam, P. K. Kaiser, D. F. Martin, G. M. Smith, and S. K. Srivastava, “Utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography during vitrectomy surgery for vitreomacular traction syndrome,” Retina. In Press.
  7. P. N. Dayani, R. Maldonado, S. Farsiu, and C. A. Toth, “Intraoperative use of handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging in macular surgery,” Retina 29, 1457–1468 (2009).
  8. P. B. Knecht, C. Kaufmann, M. N. Menke, S. L. Watson, and M. M. Bosch, “Use of Intraoperative Fourier-Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography During Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 150(3), 360–365 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. H. Tan, “Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: A Novel Assessment Tool during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. K. M. Joos and J. H. Shen, “Miniature real-time intraoperative forward-imaging optical coherence tomography probe,” Biomed. Opt. Express 4(8), 1342–1350 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. S. Han, M. V. Sarunic, J. Wu, M. Humayun, and C. Yang, “Handheld forward-imaging needle endoscope for ophthalmic optical coherence tomography inspection,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 020505 (2008).
  12. C. Song, D. Y. Park, P. L. Gehlbach, S. J. Park, and J. U. Kang, “Fiber-optic OCT sensor guided “SMART” micro-forceps for microsurgery,” Biomed. Opt. Express 4(7), 1045–1050 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. M. Balicki, J. H. Han, I. Iordachita, P. Gehlbach, J. Handa, R. Taylor, and J. Kang, “Single fiber optical coherence tomography microsurgical instruments for computer and robot-assisted retinal surgery,” Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention: MICCAI ... International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention 12, 108–115 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  14. J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Integration of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system into a surgical microscope for intraoperative imaging,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(6), 3153–3159 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. Y. K. Tao, J. P. Ehlers, C. A. Toth, and J. A. Izatt, “Intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography for vitreoretinal surgery,” Opt. Lett. 35(20), 3315–3317 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. G. Geerling, M. Müller, C. Winter, H. Hoerauf, S. Oelckers, H. Laqua, and R. Birngruber, “Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 123(2), 253–257 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  17. L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. Tan, “Intraoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography: a novel assessment tool during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. A. Miyakoshi, H. Ozaki, M. Otsuka, and A. Hayashi, “Efficacy of Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography during Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty,” ISRN Ophthalmol. 2014, 562062 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. R. B. Kucumen, E. Gorgun, N. M. Yenerel, and C. A. Utine, “Intraoperative use of AS-OCT during intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 43, S109–116 (2012).
  20. N. Hirnschall, S. Amir-Asgari, S. Maedel, and O. Findl, “Predicting the Postoperative Intraocular Lens Position Using Continuous Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54(8), 5196–5203 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. L. B. Lee and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography during complex retinal detachment repair,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 42, e71–74 (2011).
  22. P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  23. J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Visualization of real-time intraoperative maneuvers with a microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography system,” Retina 33(1), 232–236 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  24. S. Binder, C. I. Falkner-Radler, C. Hauger, H. Matz, and C. Glittenberg, “Feasibility of intrasurgical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,” Retina 31(7), 1332–1336 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  25. P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  27. Y. K. Tao, J. P. Ehlers, C. A. Toth, and J. A. Izatt, “Visualization of vitreoretinal surgical manipulations using intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography,” in SPIE Photonics West, 2011), 78890F–78890F–78810.
  28. M. Wojtkowski, V. J. Srinivasan, T. H. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, “Ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed, Fourier domain optical coherence tomography and methods for dispersion compensation,” Opt. Express 12(11), 2404–2422 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  29. S. J. Chiu, X. T. Li, P. Nicholas, C. A. Toth, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, “Automatic segmentation of seven retinal layers in SDOCT images congruent with expert manual segmentation,” Opt. Express 18(18), 19413–19428 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2014 (4)

J. P. Ehlers, D. Xu, P. K. Kaiser, R. P. Singh, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intrasurgical Dynamics of Macular Hole Surgery: An Assessment of Surgery-Induced Ultrastructural Alterations with Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” Retina 34(2), 213–221 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. H. Tan, “Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: A Novel Assessment Tool during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. Tan, “Intraoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography: a novel assessment tool during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Miyakoshi, H. Ozaki, M. Otsuka, and A. Hayashi, “Efficacy of Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography during Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty,” ISRN Ophthalmol. 2014, 562062 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (8)

N. Hirnschall, S. Amir-Asgari, S. Maedel, and O. Findl, “Predicting the Postoperative Intraocular Lens Position Using Continuous Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54(8), 5196–5203 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Song, D. Y. Park, P. L. Gehlbach, S. J. Park, and J. U. Kang, “Fiber-optic OCT sensor guided “SMART” micro-forceps for microsurgery,” Biomed. Opt. Express 4(7), 1045–1050 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. M. Joos and J. H. Shen, “Miniature real-time intraoperative forward-imaging optical coherence tomography probe,” Biomed. Opt. Express 4(8), 1342–1350 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, M. P. Ohr, P. K. Kaiser, and S. K. Srivastava, “Novel microarchitectural dynamics in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments identified with intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” Retina 33(7), 1428–1434 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Visualization of real-time intraoperative maneuvers with a microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography system,” Retina 33(1), 232–236 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (1)

R. B. Kucumen, E. Gorgun, N. M. Yenerel, and C. A. Utine, “Intraoperative use of AS-OCT during intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 43, S109–116 (2012).

2011 (4)

L. B. Lee and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography during complex retinal detachment repair,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 42, e71–74 (2011).

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Integration of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system into a surgical microscope for intraoperative imaging,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(6), 3153–3159 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Binder, C. I. Falkner-Radler, C. Hauger, H. Matz, and C. Glittenberg, “Feasibility of intrasurgical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,” Retina 31(7), 1332–1336 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (4)

S. J. Chiu, X. T. Li, P. Nicholas, C. A. Toth, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, “Automatic segmentation of seven retinal layers in SDOCT images congruent with expert manual segmentation,” Opt. Express 18(18), 19413–19428 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. B. Knecht, C. Kaufmann, M. N. Menke, S. L. Watson, and M. M. Bosch, “Use of Intraoperative Fourier-Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography During Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 150(3), 360–365 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Ide, J. Wang, A. Tao, T. Leng, G. D. Kymionis, T. P. O’Brien, and S. H. Yoo, “Intraoperative use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,”Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 41, 250–254 (2010).

Y. K. Tao, J. P. Ehlers, C. A. Toth, and J. A. Izatt, “Intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography for vitreoretinal surgery,” Opt. Lett. 35(20), 3315–3317 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (1)

P. N. Dayani, R. Maldonado, S. Farsiu, and C. A. Toth, “Intraoperative use of handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging in macular surgery,” Retina 29, 1457–1468 (2009).

2008 (2)

M. Stopa, B. A. Bower, E. Davies, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Correlation of pathologic features in spectral domain optical coherence tomography with conventional retinal studies,” Retina 28(2), 298–308 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Han, M. V. Sarunic, J. Wu, M. Humayun, and C. Yang, “Handheld forward-imaging needle endoscope for ophthalmic optical coherence tomography inspection,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 020505 (2008).

2005 (1)

G. Geerling, M. Müller, C. Winter, H. Hoerauf, S. Oelckers, H. Laqua, and R. Birngruber, “Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 123(2), 253–257 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (1)

Amir-Asgari, S.

N. Hirnschall, S. Amir-Asgari, S. Maedel, and O. Findl, “Predicting the Postoperative Intraocular Lens Position Using Continuous Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54(8), 5196–5203 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ang, M.

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. Tan, “Intraoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography: a novel assessment tool during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. H. Tan, “Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: A Novel Assessment Tool during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Angunawela, R. I.

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. H. Tan, “Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: A Novel Assessment Tool during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. Tan, “Intraoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography: a novel assessment tool during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Barañano, D. E.

R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bergstrom, C. S.

R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Binder, S.

S. Binder, C. I. Falkner-Radler, C. Hauger, H. Matz, and C. Glittenberg, “Feasibility of intrasurgical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,” Retina 31(7), 1332–1336 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Birngruber, R.

G. Geerling, M. Müller, C. Winter, H. Hoerauf, S. Oelckers, H. Laqua, and R. Birngruber, “Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 123(2), 253–257 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bosch, M. M.

P. B. Knecht, C. Kaufmann, M. N. Menke, S. L. Watson, and M. M. Bosch, “Use of Intraoperative Fourier-Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography During Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 150(3), 360–365 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bower, B. A.

M. Stopa, B. A. Bower, E. Davies, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Correlation of pathologic features in spectral domain optical coherence tomography with conventional retinal studies,” Retina 28(2), 298–308 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chiu, S. J.

Cribbs, B. E.

R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cursiefen, C.

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Davies, E.

M. Stopa, B. A. Bower, E. Davies, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Correlation of pathologic features in spectral domain optical coherence tomography with conventional retinal studies,” Retina 28(2), 298–308 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Day, S.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dayani, P. N.

P. N. Dayani, R. Maldonado, S. Farsiu, and C. A. Toth, “Intraoperative use of handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging in macular surgery,” Retina 29, 1457–1468 (2009).

De Benito-Llopis, L.

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. H. Tan, “Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: A Novel Assessment Tool during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. Tan, “Intraoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography: a novel assessment tool during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Duker, J. S.

Ehlers, J. P.

J. P. Ehlers, D. Xu, P. K. Kaiser, R. P. Singh, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intrasurgical Dynamics of Macular Hole Surgery: An Assessment of Surgery-Induced Ultrastructural Alterations with Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” Retina 34(2), 213–221 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, M. P. Ohr, P. K. Kaiser, and S. K. Srivastava, “Novel microarchitectural dynamics in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments identified with intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” Retina 33(7), 1428–1434 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Visualization of real-time intraoperative maneuvers with a microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography system,” Retina 33(1), 232–236 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Integration of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system into a surgical microscope for intraoperative imaging,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(6), 3153–3159 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. K. Tao, J. P. Ehlers, C. A. Toth, and J. A. Izatt, “Intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography for vitreoretinal surgery,” Opt. Lett. 35(20), 3315–3317 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, T. Tam, P. K. Kaiser, D. F. Martin, G. M. Smith, and S. K. Srivastava, “Utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography during vitrectomy surgery for vitreomacular traction syndrome,” Retina. In Press.

Falkner-Radler, C. I.

S. Binder, C. I. Falkner-Radler, C. Hauger, H. Matz, and C. Glittenberg, “Feasibility of intrasurgical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,” Retina 31(7), 1332–1336 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Farsiu, S.

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Visualization of real-time intraoperative maneuvers with a microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography system,” Retina 33(1), 232–236 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Integration of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system into a surgical microscope for intraoperative imaging,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(6), 3153–3159 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Chiu, X. T. Li, P. Nicholas, C. A. Toth, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, “Automatic segmentation of seven retinal layers in SDOCT images congruent with expert manual segmentation,” Opt. Express 18(18), 19413–19428 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. N. Dayani, R. Maldonado, S. Farsiu, and C. A. Toth, “Intraoperative use of handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging in macular surgery,” Retina 29, 1457–1468 (2009).

Fekrat, S.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Findl, O.

N. Hirnschall, S. Amir-Asgari, S. Maedel, and O. Findl, “Predicting the Postoperative Intraocular Lens Position Using Continuous Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54(8), 5196–5203 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fortun, J. A.

R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fujimoto, J. G.

Geerling, G.

G. Geerling, M. Müller, C. Winter, H. Hoerauf, S. Oelckers, H. Laqua, and R. Birngruber, “Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 123(2), 253–257 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gehlbach, P. L.

Gehlsen, U.

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Glittenberg, C.

S. Binder, C. I. Falkner-Radler, C. Hauger, H. Matz, and C. Glittenberg, “Feasibility of intrasurgical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,” Retina 31(7), 1332–1336 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gorgun, E.

R. B. Kucumen, E. Gorgun, N. M. Yenerel, and C. A. Utine, “Intraoperative use of AS-OCT during intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 43, S109–116 (2012).

Hahn, P.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Han, S.

S. Han, M. V. Sarunic, J. Wu, M. Humayun, and C. Yang, “Handheld forward-imaging needle endoscope for ophthalmic optical coherence tomography inspection,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 020505 (2008).

Hauger, C.

S. Binder, C. I. Falkner-Radler, C. Hauger, H. Matz, and C. Glittenberg, “Feasibility of intrasurgical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,” Retina 31(7), 1332–1336 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hayashi, A.

A. Miyakoshi, H. Ozaki, M. Otsuka, and A. Hayashi, “Efficacy of Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography during Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty,” ISRN Ophthalmol. 2014, 562062 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Heindl, L. M.

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hirnschall, N.

N. Hirnschall, S. Amir-Asgari, S. Maedel, and O. Findl, “Predicting the Postoperative Intraocular Lens Position Using Continuous Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54(8), 5196–5203 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hoerauf, H.

G. Geerling, M. Müller, C. Winter, H. Hoerauf, S. Oelckers, H. Laqua, and R. Birngruber, “Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 123(2), 253–257 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hubbard, G. B.

R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Humayun, M.

S. Han, M. V. Sarunic, J. Wu, M. Humayun, and C. Yang, “Handheld forward-imaging needle endoscope for ophthalmic optical coherence tomography inspection,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 020505 (2008).

Hüttmann, G.

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ide, T.

T. Ide, J. Wang, A. Tao, T. Leng, G. D. Kymionis, T. P. O’Brien, and S. H. Yoo, “Intraoperative use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,”Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 41, 250–254 (2010).

Izatt, J. A.

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Visualization of real-time intraoperative maneuvers with a microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography system,” Retina 33(1), 232–236 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Integration of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system into a surgical microscope for intraoperative imaging,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(6), 3153–3159 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Chiu, X. T. Li, P. Nicholas, C. A. Toth, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, “Automatic segmentation of seven retinal layers in SDOCT images congruent with expert manual segmentation,” Opt. Express 18(18), 19413–19428 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. K. Tao, J. P. Ehlers, C. A. Toth, and J. A. Izatt, “Intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography for vitreoretinal surgery,” Opt. Lett. 35(20), 3315–3317 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Stopa, B. A. Bower, E. Davies, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Correlation of pathologic features in spectral domain optical coherence tomography with conventional retinal studies,” Retina 28(2), 298–308 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Joos, K. M.

Kaiser, P. K.

J. P. Ehlers, D. Xu, P. K. Kaiser, R. P. Singh, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intrasurgical Dynamics of Macular Hole Surgery: An Assessment of Surgery-Induced Ultrastructural Alterations with Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” Retina 34(2), 213–221 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, M. P. Ohr, P. K. Kaiser, and S. K. Srivastava, “Novel microarchitectural dynamics in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments identified with intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” Retina 33(7), 1428–1434 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, T. Tam, P. K. Kaiser, D. F. Martin, G. M. Smith, and S. K. Srivastava, “Utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography during vitrectomy surgery for vitreomacular traction syndrome,” Retina. In Press.

Kang, J. U.

Kaufmann, C.

P. B. Knecht, C. Kaufmann, M. N. Menke, S. L. Watson, and M. M. Bosch, “Use of Intraoperative Fourier-Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography During Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 150(3), 360–365 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Knecht, P. B.

P. B. Knecht, C. Kaufmann, M. N. Menke, S. L. Watson, and M. M. Bosch, “Use of Intraoperative Fourier-Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography During Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 150(3), 360–365 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ko, T. H.

Kowalczyk, A.

Krug, M.

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kucumen, R. B.

R. B. Kucumen, E. Gorgun, N. M. Yenerel, and C. A. Utine, “Intraoperative use of AS-OCT during intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 43, S109–116 (2012).

Kuo, A.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kymionis, G. D.

T. Ide, J. Wang, A. Tao, T. Leng, G. D. Kymionis, T. P. O’Brien, and S. H. Yoo, “Intraoperative use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,”Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 41, 250–254 (2010).

Lankenau, E.

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Laqua, H.

G. Geerling, M. Müller, C. Winter, H. Hoerauf, S. Oelckers, H. Laqua, and R. Birngruber, “Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 123(2), 253–257 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Le Blanc, C.

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, A.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, L. B.

L. B. Lee and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography during complex retinal detachment repair,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 42, e71–74 (2011).

Leng, T.

T. Ide, J. Wang, A. Tao, T. Leng, G. D. Kymionis, T. P. O’Brien, and S. H. Yoo, “Intraoperative use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,”Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 41, 250–254 (2010).

Li, X. T.

Lin, P.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Maedel, S.

N. Hirnschall, S. Amir-Asgari, S. Maedel, and O. Findl, “Predicting the Postoperative Intraocular Lens Position Using Continuous Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54(8), 5196–5203 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Maldonado, R.

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Visualization of real-time intraoperative maneuvers with a microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography system,” Retina 33(1), 232–236 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Integration of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system into a surgical microscope for intraoperative imaging,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(6), 3153–3159 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. N. Dayani, R. Maldonado, S. Farsiu, and C. A. Toth, “Intraoperative use of handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging in macular surgery,” Retina 29, 1457–1468 (2009).

Martin, D. F.

J. P. Ehlers, T. Tam, P. K. Kaiser, D. F. Martin, G. M. Smith, and S. K. Srivastava, “Utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography during vitrectomy surgery for vitreomacular traction syndrome,” Retina. In Press.

Matz, H.

S. Binder, C. I. Falkner-Radler, C. Hauger, H. Matz, and C. Glittenberg, “Feasibility of intrasurgical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,” Retina 31(7), 1332–1336 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mehta, J. S.

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. Tan, “Intraoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography: a novel assessment tool during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. H. Tan, “Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: A Novel Assessment Tool during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Menke, M. N.

P. B. Knecht, C. Kaufmann, M. N. Menke, S. L. Watson, and M. M. Bosch, “Use of Intraoperative Fourier-Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography During Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 150(3), 360–365 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Migacz, J.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Miyakoshi, A.

A. Miyakoshi, H. Ozaki, M. Otsuka, and A. Hayashi, “Efficacy of Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography during Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty,” ISRN Ophthalmol. 2014, 562062 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mruthyunjaya, P.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Müller, M.

G. Geerling, M. Müller, C. Winter, H. Hoerauf, S. Oelckers, H. Laqua, and R. Birngruber, “Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 123(2), 253–257 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nicholas, P.

O’Brien, T. P.

T. Ide, J. Wang, A. Tao, T. Leng, G. D. Kymionis, T. P. O’Brien, and S. H. Yoo, “Intraoperative use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,”Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 41, 250–254 (2010).

O’Donnell, R.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Oelckers, S.

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Geerling, M. Müller, C. Winter, H. Hoerauf, S. Oelckers, H. Laqua, and R. Birngruber, “Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 123(2), 253–257 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ohr, M. P.

J. P. Ehlers, M. P. Ohr, P. K. Kaiser, and S. K. Srivastava, “Novel microarchitectural dynamics in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments identified with intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” Retina 33(7), 1428–1434 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Otsuka, M.

A. Miyakoshi, H. Ozaki, M. Otsuka, and A. Hayashi, “Efficacy of Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography during Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty,” ISRN Ophthalmol. 2014, 562062 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ozaki, H.

A. Miyakoshi, H. Ozaki, M. Otsuka, and A. Hayashi, “Efficacy of Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography during Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty,” ISRN Ophthalmol. 2014, 562062 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Park, D. Y.

Park, S. J.

Postel, E. A.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ray, R.

R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sarunic, M. V.

S. Han, M. V. Sarunic, J. Wu, M. Humayun, and C. Yang, “Handheld forward-imaging needle endoscope for ophthalmic optical coherence tomography inspection,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 020505 (2008).

Schwent, B. J.

R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shen, J. H.

Singh, R. P.

J. P. Ehlers, D. Xu, P. K. Kaiser, R. P. Singh, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intrasurgical Dynamics of Macular Hole Surgery: An Assessment of Surgery-Induced Ultrastructural Alterations with Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” Retina 34(2), 213–221 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Smith, G. M.

J. P. Ehlers, T. Tam, P. K. Kaiser, D. F. Martin, G. M. Smith, and S. K. Srivastava, “Utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography during vitrectomy surgery for vitreomacular traction syndrome,” Retina. In Press.

Song, C.

Srinivasan, V. J.

Srivastava, S. K.

J. P. Ehlers, D. Xu, P. K. Kaiser, R. P. Singh, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intrasurgical Dynamics of Macular Hole Surgery: An Assessment of Surgery-Induced Ultrastructural Alterations with Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” Retina 34(2), 213–221 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, M. P. Ohr, P. K. Kaiser, and S. K. Srivastava, “Novel microarchitectural dynamics in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments identified with intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” Retina 33(7), 1428–1434 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. B. Lee and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography during complex retinal detachment repair,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 42, e71–74 (2011).

J. P. Ehlers, T. Tam, P. K. Kaiser, D. F. Martin, G. M. Smith, and S. K. Srivastava, “Utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography during vitrectomy surgery for vitreomacular traction syndrome,” Retina. In Press.

Steven, P.

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stopa, M.

M. Stopa, B. A. Bower, E. Davies, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Correlation of pathologic features in spectral domain optical coherence tomography with conventional retinal studies,” Retina 28(2), 298–308 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tam, T.

J. P. Ehlers, T. Tam, P. K. Kaiser, D. F. Martin, G. M. Smith, and S. K. Srivastava, “Utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography during vitrectomy surgery for vitreomacular traction syndrome,” Retina. In Press.

Tan, D. T.

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. Tan, “Intraoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography: a novel assessment tool during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tan, D. T. H.

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. H. Tan, “Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: A Novel Assessment Tool during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tao, A.

T. Ide, J. Wang, A. Tao, T. Leng, G. D. Kymionis, T. P. O’Brien, and S. H. Yoo, “Intraoperative use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,”Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 41, 250–254 (2010).

Tao, Y. K.

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Visualization of real-time intraoperative maneuvers with a microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography system,” Retina 33(1), 232–236 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Integration of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system into a surgical microscope for intraoperative imaging,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(6), 3153–3159 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. K. Tao, J. P. Ehlers, C. A. Toth, and J. A. Izatt, “Intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography for vitreoretinal surgery,” Opt. Lett. 35(20), 3315–3317 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Toth, C. A.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Visualization of real-time intraoperative maneuvers with a microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography system,” Retina 33(1), 232–236 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Integration of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system into a surgical microscope for intraoperative imaging,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(6), 3153–3159 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Chiu, X. T. Li, P. Nicholas, C. A. Toth, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, “Automatic segmentation of seven retinal layers in SDOCT images congruent with expert manual segmentation,” Opt. Express 18(18), 19413–19428 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. K. Tao, J. P. Ehlers, C. A. Toth, and J. A. Izatt, “Intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography for vitreoretinal surgery,” Opt. Lett. 35(20), 3315–3317 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. N. Dayani, R. Maldonado, S. Farsiu, and C. A. Toth, “Intraoperative use of handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging in macular surgery,” Retina 29, 1457–1468 (2009).

M. Stopa, B. A. Bower, E. Davies, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Correlation of pathologic features in spectral domain optical coherence tomography with conventional retinal studies,” Retina 28(2), 298–308 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Utine, C. A.

R. B. Kucumen, E. Gorgun, N. M. Yenerel, and C. A. Utine, “Intraoperative use of AS-OCT during intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 43, S109–116 (2012).

Vann, R.

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Velten, K.

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, J.

T. Ide, J. Wang, A. Tao, T. Leng, G. D. Kymionis, T. P. O’Brien, and S. H. Yoo, “Intraoperative use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,”Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 41, 250–254 (2010).

Watson, S. L.

P. B. Knecht, C. Kaufmann, M. N. Menke, S. L. Watson, and M. M. Bosch, “Use of Intraoperative Fourier-Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography During Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 150(3), 360–365 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Winter, C.

G. Geerling, M. Müller, C. Winter, H. Hoerauf, S. Oelckers, H. Laqua, and R. Birngruber, “Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 123(2), 253–257 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wojtkowski, M.

Wu, J.

S. Han, M. V. Sarunic, J. Wu, M. Humayun, and C. Yang, “Handheld forward-imaging needle endoscope for ophthalmic optical coherence tomography inspection,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 020505 (2008).

Xu, D.

J. P. Ehlers, D. Xu, P. K. Kaiser, R. P. Singh, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intrasurgical Dynamics of Macular Hole Surgery: An Assessment of Surgery-Induced Ultrastructural Alterations with Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” Retina 34(2), 213–221 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, C.

S. Han, M. V. Sarunic, J. Wu, M. Humayun, and C. Yang, “Handheld forward-imaging needle endoscope for ophthalmic optical coherence tomography inspection,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 020505 (2008).

Yenerel, N. M.

R. B. Kucumen, E. Gorgun, N. M. Yenerel, and C. A. Utine, “Intraoperative use of AS-OCT during intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 43, S109–116 (2012).

Yoo, S. H.

T. Ide, J. Wang, A. Tao, T. Leng, G. D. Kymionis, T. P. O’Brien, and S. H. Yoo, “Intraoperative use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,”Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 41, 250–254 (2010).

Am. J. Ophthalmol. (3)

P. B. Knecht, C. Kaufmann, M. N. Menke, S. L. Watson, and M. M. Bosch, “Use of Intraoperative Fourier-Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography During Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 150(3), 360–365 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. H. Tan, “Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: A Novel Assessment Tool during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. De Benito-Llopis, J. S. Mehta, R. I. Angunawela, M. Ang, and D. T. Tan, “Intraoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography: a novel assessment tool during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157(2), 334–341 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Arch. Ophthalmol. (1)

G. Geerling, M. Müller, C. Winter, H. Hoerauf, S. Oelckers, H. Laqua, and R. Birngruber, “Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 123(2), 253–257 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Biomed. Opt. Express (2)

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2)

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Integration of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system into a surgical microscope for intraoperative imaging,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(6), 3153–3159 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Hirnschall, S. Amir-Asgari, S. Maedel, and O. Findl, “Predicting the Postoperative Intraocular Lens Position Using Continuous Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54(8), 5196–5203 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

ISRN Ophthalmol. (1)

A. Miyakoshi, H. Ozaki, M. Otsuka, and A. Hayashi, “Efficacy of Intraoperative Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography during Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty,” ISRN Ophthalmol. 2014, 562062 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Biomed. Opt. (1)

S. Han, M. V. Sarunic, J. Wu, M. Humayun, and C. Yang, “Handheld forward-imaging needle endoscope for ophthalmic optical coherence tomography inspection,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 020505 (2008).

JAMA Ophthalmol. (2)

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Steven, C. Le Blanc, K. Velten, E. Lankenau, M. Krug, S. Oelckers, L. M. Heindl, U. Gehlsen, G. Hüttmann, and C. Cursiefen, “Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” JAMA Ophthalmol. 131(9), 1135–1142 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye (3)

L. B. Lee and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography during complex retinal detachment repair,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 42, e71–74 (2011).

T. Ide, J. Wang, A. Tao, T. Leng, G. D. Kymionis, T. P. O’Brien, and S. H. Yoo, “Intraoperative use of three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,”Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 41, 250–254 (2010).

R. B. Kucumen, E. Gorgun, N. M. Yenerel, and C. A. Utine, “Intraoperative use of AS-OCT during intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation,” Ophthalmic surgery, lasers imaging: J. International Society for Imaging Eye 43, S109–116 (2012).

Ophthalmology (1)

R. Ray, D. E. Barañano, J. A. Fortun, B. J. Schwent, B. E. Cribbs, C. S. Bergstrom, G. B. Hubbard, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery,” Ophthalmology 118(11), 2212–2217 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (2)

Opt. Lett. (1)

Retina (7)

M. Stopa, B. A. Bower, E. Davies, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Correlation of pathologic features in spectral domain optical coherence tomography with conventional retinal studies,” Retina 28(2), 298–308 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. N. Dayani, R. Maldonado, S. Farsiu, and C. A. Toth, “Intraoperative use of handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging in macular surgery,” Retina 29, 1457–1468 (2009).

J. P. Ehlers, D. Xu, P. K. Kaiser, R. P. Singh, and S. K. Srivastava, “Intrasurgical Dynamics of Macular Hole Surgery: An Assessment of Surgery-Induced Ultrastructural Alterations with Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography,” Retina 34(2), 213–221 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, M. P. Ohr, P. K. Kaiser, and S. K. Srivastava, “Novel microarchitectural dynamics in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments identified with intraoperative optical coherence tomography,” Retina 33(7), 1428–1434 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Hahn, J. Migacz, R. O’Donnell, S. Day, A. Lee, P. Lin, R. Vann, A. Kuo, S. Fekrat, P. Mruthyunjaya, E. A. Postel, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Preclinical evaluation and intraoperative human retinal imaging with a high-resolution microscope-integrated spectral domain optical coherence tomography device,” Retina 33(7), 1328–1337 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Ehlers, Y. K. Tao, S. Farsiu, R. Maldonado, J. A. Izatt, and C. A. Toth, “Visualization of real-time intraoperative maneuvers with a microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography system,” Retina 33(1), 232–236 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Binder, C. I. Falkner-Radler, C. Hauger, H. Matz, and C. Glittenberg, “Feasibility of intrasurgical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,” Retina 31(7), 1332–1336 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (3)

Y. K. Tao, J. P. Ehlers, C. A. Toth, and J. A. Izatt, “Visualization of vitreoretinal surgical manipulations using intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography,” in SPIE Photonics West, 2011), 78890F–78890F–78810.

J. P. Ehlers, T. Tam, P. K. Kaiser, D. F. Martin, G. M. Smith, and S. K. Srivastava, “Utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography during vitrectomy surgery for vitreomacular traction syndrome,” Retina. In Press.

M. Balicki, J. H. Han, I. Iordachita, P. Gehlbach, J. Handa, R. Taylor, and J. Kang, “Single fiber optical coherence tomography microsurgical instruments for computer and robot-assisted retinal surgery,” Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention: MICCAI ... International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention 12, 108–115 (2009).
[Crossref]

Supplementary Material (6)

» Media 1: AVI (3354 KB)     
» Media 2: AVI (5024 KB)     
» Media 3: AVI (2463 KB)     
» Media 4: AVI (1796 KB)     
» Media 5: AVI (1889 KB)     
» Media 6: AVI (2177 KB)     

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

Optical schematic and mechanical design of the microscope-integrated iOCT system (Media 1). The system includes an electrically tunable lens to provide optimal focus for both anterior and posterior segment imaging while maintaining parfocality with the microscope oculars. OCT images were acquired with a modified commercial 36 kHz SDOCT engine. Inset photo shows surgical microscope ocular view with HUD overlaid live OCT cross-sections adjacent to conventional microscope view of retina. CCD, line-scan camera; DM, dichroic mirror; f, collimating, objective, scan, tube, and electrically tunable lenses; G, galvanometer scanners; M, reference and fold mirrors; PC, polarization controller; VPHG, grating.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2

Electrically tunable lens performance. (a) iOCT focus plane position measured over its tuning range. (b) Repeated B-scans of membrane scraper above retina in an enucleated porcine eye while electrically adjusting the focal plane (Media 2). (c) iOCT B-scan of cornea and (d) retina in an enucleated porcine eye demonstrating anterior and posterior segment imaging with focal planes optimized using the tunable lens. Anterior segment B-scans showed a corneal epithelial defect (arrow) and clear visualization of the corneal endothelium (inset). The posterior segment was imaged using a direct surgical contact lens but may also be imaged using either a BIOM or indirect contact lenses. Scale bar: 500 µm.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3

Membrane scraper above retina in an enucleated porcine eye. (a) Volumetric reconstruction, (b) en face projection and (c), (d) cross-sectional images comprised of 1024 x 500 x 500 pix. (Media 3). Cross-sectional images of the surgical instrument shows a hyper-scattering diamond-dusted tip, semi-transparent silicone shaft, and opaque metallic neck.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4

Surgical guidance using iOCT feedback. The surface of the membrane scraper (red) and ILM (green) were segmented on individual cross-sectional images (dotted line). An axial position difference is overlaid as a colormap on the en face view to provide integrative visualization of three-dimensional data of the membrane scraper position relative to the surface of the retina. Scale bar: 500 µm.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5

Visualization of intraoperative maneuvers using HUD guidance and spatial compounding. The iOCT imaging field was superimposed onto a microscope ocular to help localize the FOV for motion capture (red reticle in corresponding surgical recording). Spatial compounding frames were acquired during (a), (b) membrane scraping (Media 4, Media 5) and (c) retinal compression (Media 6). Cross-sectional OCT images were acquired (a), (c) along the axis of and (b) perpendicular to the membrane scraper. Spatial compounding volumes were acquired with 256 x 5 pix. (A-scans x B-scans) at 36 kHz line-rate for visualization of compounded intraoperative maneuvers at 28.1 frames-per-second.

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