Optical clearing of archive-compatible paraffin embedded tissue for multiphoton microscopy

J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, T. Mitropoulos, M. A. Selim, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo pump-probe microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions,” Proc. SPIE 8226, 822602, 822602-8 (2012).
[Crossref]

P. Samineni, B. Li, J. W. Wilson, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation imaging,” Opt. Lett. 37(5), 800–802 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, P. Samineni, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation spectral shifting: nonlinear phase contrast in a pump-probe microscope,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(5), 854–862 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Isobe, H. Kawano, T. Takeda, A. Suda, A. Kumagai, H. Mizuno, A. Miyawaki, and K. Midorikawa, “Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1594–1608 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. E. Matthews, J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, M. J. Simpson, J. Y. Jin, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo and ex vivo epi-mode pump-probe imaging of melanin and microvasculature,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1576–1583 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Wang, Y. Liang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, H. Ni, and Y. Li, “Evaluation of optical clearing with the combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixture,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(8), 2329–2338 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Katz, E. Small, Y. Bromberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Focusing and compression of ultrashort pulses through scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 372–377 (2011).
[Crossref]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Smith, E. L. Barnes, and S. I. Chiosea, “Pathology archive: evaluation of integrity, regulatory compliance, and construction of searchable database from print reports,” Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 135(5), 753–759 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Min, C. W. Freudiger, S. Lu, and X. S. Xie, “Coherent nonlinear optical imaging: beyond fluorescence microscopy,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 62(1), 507–530 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. E. Matthews, I. R. Piletic, M. A. Selim, M. J. Simpson, and W. S. Warren, “Pump-probe imaging differentiates melanoma from melanocytic nevi,” Sci. Transl. Med. 3(71), 71ra15 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Tissue optical immersion clearing,” Expert Rev. Med. Devices 7(6), 825–842 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. G. Parra, T. H. Chia, J. P. Zinter, and M. J. Levene, “Multiphoton microscopy of cleared mouse organs,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(3), 036017 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Sudheendran, M. Mohamed, M. G. Ghosn, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Assessment of tissue optical clearing as a function of glucose concentration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 03(3), 169–176 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, W. Zieglgänsberger, and H.-U. Dodt, “Formalin-induced fluorescence reveals cell shape and morphology in biological tissue samples,” PLoS ONE 5(4), e10391 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. C. Kwan, K. Duff, G. K. Gouras, and W. W. Webb, “Optical visualization of Alzheimer’s pathology via multiphoton-excited intrinsic fluorescence and second harmonic generation,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3679–3689 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Kobat, M. E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A. W. Wong, C. B. Schaffer, and C. Xu, “Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation,” Opt. Express 17(16), 13354–13364 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, S. H. Kennedy, T. Svarovsky, J. Rogers, J. W. Kemnitz, A. Xu, and K. T. Zondervan, “High-quality genomic DNA extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples deparaffinized using mineral oil,” Anal. Biochem. 395(2), 265–267 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Fu, T. Ye, T. E. Matthews, G. Yurtsever, and W. S. Warren, “Two-color, two-photon, and excited-state absorption microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(5), 054004 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Theer and W. Denk, “On the fundamental imaging-depth limit in two-photon microscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23(12), 3139–3149 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Plotnikov, A. C. Millard, P. J. Campagnola, and W. A. Mohler, “Characterization of the myosin-based source for second-harmonic generation from muscle sarcomeres,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 693–703 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. M. Zucker, “Whole insect and mammalian embryo imaging with confocal microscopy: morphology and apoptosis,” Cytometry A 69A(11), 1143–1152 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing of tissues and blood using the immersion method,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(15), 2497–2518 (2005).
[Crossref]

W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, and W. W. Webb, “Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences,” Nat. Biotechnol. 21(11), 1369–1377 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. T. Yeh, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and B. J. Tromberg, “Reversible dissociation of collagen in tissues,” J. Invest. Dermatol. 121(6), 1332–1335 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-K. Sun, C.-C. Chen, S.-W. Chu, T.-H. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, and B.-L. Lin, “Multiharmonic-generation biopsy of skin,” Opt. Lett. 28(24), 2488–2490 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. J. Campagnola, A. C. Millard, M. Terasaki, P. E. Hoppe, C. J. Malone, and W. A. Mohler, “Three-dimensional high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins in biological tissues,” Biophys. J. 82(1), 493–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. J. Buesa, “Mineral oil: the best xylene substitute for tissue processing yet?” J. Histotechnol. 23(2), 143–149 (2000).
[Crossref]

J. E. Gershenwald, M. I. Colome, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, C. Tseng, J. J. Lee, C. M. Balch, and M. I. Ross, “Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma,” J. Clin. Oncol. 16(6), 2253–2260 (1998).
[PubMed]

W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248(4951), 73–76 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. D. Russell and C. P. Daghlian, “Scanning electron microscopic observations on deembedded biological tissue sections: comparison of different fixatives and embedding materials,” J. Electron Microsc. Tech. 2(5), 489–495 (1985).
[Crossref]

V. Williams and F. Morriss, “Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence as a means for differentiating epinephrine cells from norepinephrine cells in adrenal medulla,” Stain Technol. 45(5), 205–213 (1970).
[PubMed]

A. J. Lea, “Solubility of melanins,” Nature 170(4330), 709 (1952).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Gershenwald, M. I. Colome, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, C. Tseng, J. J. Lee, C. M. Balch, and M. I. Ross, “Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma,” J. Clin. Oncol. 16(6), 2253–2260 (1998).
[PubMed]

M. A. Smith, E. L. Barnes, and S. I. Chiosea, “Pathology archive: evaluation of integrity, regulatory compliance, and construction of searchable database from print reports,” Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 135(5), 753–759 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Tissue optical immersion clearing,” Expert Rev. Med. Devices 7(6), 825–842 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Katz, E. Small, Y. Bromberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Focusing and compression of ultrashort pulses through scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 372–377 (2011).
[Crossref]

R. J. Buesa, “Mineral oil: the best xylene substitute for tissue processing yet?” J. Histotechnol. 23(2), 143–149 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. V. Plotnikov, A. C. Millard, P. J. Campagnola, and W. A. Mohler, “Characterization of the myosin-based source for second-harmonic generation from muscle sarcomeres,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 693–703 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. J. Campagnola, A. C. Millard, M. Terasaki, P. E. Hoppe, C. J. Malone, and W. A. Mohler, “Three-dimensional high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins in biological tissues,” Biophys. J. 82(1), 493–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-K. Sun, C.-C. Chen, S.-W. Chu, T.-H. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, and B.-L. Lin, “Multiharmonic-generation biopsy of skin,” Opt. Lett. 28(24), 2488–2490 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-K. Sun, C.-C. Chen, S.-W. Chu, T.-H. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, and B.-L. Lin, “Multiharmonic-generation biopsy of skin,” Opt. Lett. 28(24), 2488–2490 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. G. Parra, T. H. Chia, J. P. Zinter, and M. J. Levene, “Multiphoton microscopy of cleared mouse organs,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(3), 036017 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Smith, E. L. Barnes, and S. I. Chiosea, “Pathology archive: evaluation of integrity, regulatory compliance, and construction of searchable database from print reports,” Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 135(5), 753–759 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. T. Yeh, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and B. J. Tromberg, “Reversible dissociation of collagen in tissues,” J. Invest. Dermatol. 121(6), 1332–1335 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-K. Sun, C.-C. Chen, S.-W. Chu, T.-H. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, and B.-L. Lin, “Multiharmonic-generation biopsy of skin,” Opt. Lett. 28(24), 2488–2490 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Gershenwald, M. I. Colome, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, C. Tseng, J. J. Lee, C. M. Balch, and M. I. Ross, “Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma,” J. Clin. Oncol. 16(6), 2253–2260 (1998).
[PubMed]

S. D. Russell and C. P. Daghlian, “Scanning electron microscopic observations on deembedded biological tissue sections: comparison of different fixatives and embedding materials,” J. Electron Microsc. Tech. 2(5), 489–495 (1985).
[Crossref]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, T. Mitropoulos, M. A. Selim, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo pump-probe microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions,” Proc. SPIE 8226, 822602, 822602-8 (2012).
[Crossref]

T. E. Matthews, J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, M. J. Simpson, J. Y. Jin, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo and ex vivo epi-mode pump-probe imaging of melanin and microvasculature,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1576–1583 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Theer and W. Denk, “On the fundamental imaging-depth limit in two-photon microscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23(12), 3139–3149 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248(4951), 73–76 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, W. Zieglgänsberger, and H.-U. Dodt, “Formalin-induced fluorescence reveals cell shape and morphology in biological tissue samples,” PLoS ONE 5(4), e10391 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. C. Kwan, K. Duff, G. K. Gouras, and W. W. Webb, “Optical visualization of Alzheimer’s pathology via multiphoton-excited intrinsic fluorescence and second harmonic generation,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3679–3689 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Kobat, M. E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A. W. Wong, C. B. Schaffer, and C. Xu, “Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation,” Opt. Express 17(16), 13354–13364 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, P. Samineni, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation spectral shifting: nonlinear phase contrast in a pump-probe microscope,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(5), 854–862 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Samineni, B. Li, J. W. Wilson, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation imaging,” Opt. Lett. 37(5), 800–802 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Min, C. W. Freudiger, S. Lu, and X. S. Xie, “Coherent nonlinear optical imaging: beyond fluorescence microscopy,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 62(1), 507–530 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Fu, T. Ye, T. E. Matthews, G. Yurtsever, and W. S. Warren, “Two-color, two-photon, and excited-state absorption microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(5), 054004 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Tissue optical immersion clearing,” Expert Rev. Med. Devices 7(6), 825–842 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Gershenwald, M. I. Colome, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, C. Tseng, J. J. Lee, C. M. Balch, and M. I. Ross, “Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma,” J. Clin. Oncol. 16(6), 2253–2260 (1998).
[PubMed]

N. Sudheendran, M. Mohamed, M. G. Ghosn, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Assessment of tissue optical clearing as a function of glucose concentration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 03(3), 169–176 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. C. Kwan, K. Duff, G. K. Gouras, and W. W. Webb, “Optical visualization of Alzheimer’s pathology via multiphoton-excited intrinsic fluorescence and second harmonic generation,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3679–3689 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. J. Campagnola, A. C. Millard, M. Terasaki, P. E. Hoppe, C. J. Malone, and W. A. Mohler, “Three-dimensional high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins in biological tissues,” Biophys. J. 82(1), 493–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Isobe, H. Kawano, T. Takeda, A. Suda, A. Kumagai, H. Mizuno, A. Miyawaki, and K. Midorikawa, “Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1594–1608 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. E. Matthews, J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, M. J. Simpson, J. Y. Jin, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo and ex vivo epi-mode pump-probe imaging of melanin and microvasculature,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1576–1583 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Katz, E. Small, Y. Bromberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Focusing and compression of ultrashort pulses through scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 372–377 (2011).
[Crossref]

K. Isobe, H. Kawano, T. Takeda, A. Suda, A. Kumagai, H. Mizuno, A. Miyawaki, and K. Midorikawa, “Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1594–1608 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, S. H. Kennedy, T. Svarovsky, J. Rogers, J. W. Kemnitz, A. Xu, and K. T. Zondervan, “High-quality genomic DNA extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples deparaffinized using mineral oil,” Anal. Biochem. 395(2), 265–267 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, S. H. Kennedy, T. Svarovsky, J. Rogers, J. W. Kemnitz, A. Xu, and K. T. Zondervan, “High-quality genomic DNA extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples deparaffinized using mineral oil,” Anal. Biochem. 395(2), 265–267 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Kobat, M. E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A. W. Wong, C. B. Schaffer, and C. Xu, “Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation,” Opt. Express 17(16), 13354–13364 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Isobe, H. Kawano, T. Takeda, A. Suda, A. Kumagai, H. Mizuno, A. Miyawaki, and K. Midorikawa, “Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1594–1608 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. C. Kwan, K. Duff, G. K. Gouras, and W. W. Webb, “Optical visualization of Alzheimer’s pathology via multiphoton-excited intrinsic fluorescence and second harmonic generation,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3679–3689 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Sudheendran, M. Mohamed, M. G. Ghosn, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Assessment of tissue optical clearing as a function of glucose concentration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 03(3), 169–176 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. J. Lea, “Solubility of melanins,” Nature 170(4330), 709 (1952).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Gershenwald, M. I. Colome, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, C. Tseng, J. J. Lee, C. M. Balch, and M. I. Ross, “Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma,” J. Clin. Oncol. 16(6), 2253–2260 (1998).
[PubMed]

J. E. Gershenwald, M. I. Colome, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, C. Tseng, J. J. Lee, C. M. Balch, and M. I. Ross, “Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma,” J. Clin. Oncol. 16(6), 2253–2260 (1998).
[PubMed]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, W. Zieglgänsberger, and H.-U. Dodt, “Formalin-induced fluorescence reveals cell shape and morphology in biological tissue samples,” PLoS ONE 5(4), e10391 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. G. Parra, T. H. Chia, J. P. Zinter, and M. J. Levene, “Multiphoton microscopy of cleared mouse organs,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(3), 036017 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Samineni, B. Li, J. W. Wilson, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation imaging,” Opt. Lett. 37(5), 800–802 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Wang, Y. Liang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, H. Ni, and Y. Li, “Evaluation of optical clearing with the combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixture,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(8), 2329–2338 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Wang, Y. Liang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, H. Ni, and Y. Li, “Evaluation of optical clearing with the combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixture,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(8), 2329–2338 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-K. Sun, C.-C. Chen, S.-W. Chu, T.-H. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, and B.-L. Lin, “Multiharmonic-generation biopsy of skin,” Opt. Lett. 28(24), 2488–2490 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, S. H. Kennedy, T. Svarovsky, J. Rogers, J. W. Kemnitz, A. Xu, and K. T. Zondervan, “High-quality genomic DNA extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples deparaffinized using mineral oil,” Anal. Biochem. 395(2), 265–267 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Min, C. W. Freudiger, S. Lu, and X. S. Xie, “Coherent nonlinear optical imaging: beyond fluorescence microscopy,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 62(1), 507–530 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. J. Campagnola, A. C. Millard, M. Terasaki, P. E. Hoppe, C. J. Malone, and W. A. Mohler, “Three-dimensional high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins in biological tissues,” Biophys. J. 82(1), 493–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Gershenwald, M. I. Colome, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, C. Tseng, J. J. Lee, C. M. Balch, and M. I. Ross, “Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma,” J. Clin. Oncol. 16(6), 2253–2260 (1998).
[PubMed]

T. E. Matthews, I. R. Piletic, M. A. Selim, M. J. Simpson, and W. S. Warren, “Pump-probe imaging differentiates melanoma from melanocytic nevi,” Sci. Transl. Med. 3(71), 71ra15 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. E. Matthews, J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, M. J. Simpson, J. Y. Jin, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo and ex vivo epi-mode pump-probe imaging of melanin and microvasculature,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1576–1583 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Fu, T. Ye, T. E. Matthews, G. Yurtsever, and W. S. Warren, “Two-color, two-photon, and excited-state absorption microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(5), 054004 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Isobe, H. Kawano, T. Takeda, A. Suda, A. Kumagai, H. Mizuno, A. Miyawaki, and K. Midorikawa, “Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1594–1608 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Plotnikov, A. C. Millard, P. J. Campagnola, and W. A. Mohler, “Characterization of the myosin-based source for second-harmonic generation from muscle sarcomeres,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 693–703 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. J. Campagnola, A. C. Millard, M. Terasaki, P. E. Hoppe, C. J. Malone, and W. A. Mohler, “Three-dimensional high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins in biological tissues,” Biophys. J. 82(1), 493–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Min, C. W. Freudiger, S. Lu, and X. S. Xie, “Coherent nonlinear optical imaging: beyond fluorescence microscopy,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 62(1), 507–530 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, T. Mitropoulos, M. A. Selim, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo pump-probe microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions,” Proc. SPIE 8226, 822602, 822602-8 (2012).
[Crossref]

K. Isobe, H. Kawano, T. Takeda, A. Suda, A. Kumagai, H. Mizuno, A. Miyawaki, and K. Midorikawa, “Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1594–1608 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Isobe, H. Kawano, T. Takeda, A. Suda, A. Kumagai, H. Mizuno, A. Miyawaki, and K. Midorikawa, “Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1594–1608 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Sudheendran, M. Mohamed, M. G. Ghosn, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Assessment of tissue optical clearing as a function of glucose concentration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 03(3), 169–176 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Plotnikov, A. C. Millard, P. J. Campagnola, and W. A. Mohler, “Characterization of the myosin-based source for second-harmonic generation from muscle sarcomeres,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 693–703 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. J. Campagnola, A. C. Millard, M. Terasaki, P. E. Hoppe, C. J. Malone, and W. A. Mohler, “Three-dimensional high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins in biological tissues,” Biophys. J. 82(1), 493–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Williams and F. Morriss, “Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence as a means for differentiating epinephrine cells from norepinephrine cells in adrenal medulla,” Stain Technol. 45(5), 205–213 (1970).
[PubMed]

A. T. Yeh, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and B. J. Tromberg, “Reversible dissociation of collagen in tissues,” J. Invest. Dermatol. 121(6), 1332–1335 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Wang, Y. Liang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, H. Ni, and Y. Li, “Evaluation of optical clearing with the combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixture,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(8), 2329–2338 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Kobat, M. E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A. W. Wong, C. B. Schaffer, and C. Xu, “Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation,” Opt. Express 17(16), 13354–13364 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. G. Parra, T. H. Chia, J. P. Zinter, and M. J. Levene, “Multiphoton microscopy of cleared mouse organs,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(3), 036017 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. E. Matthews, I. R. Piletic, M. A. Selim, M. J. Simpson, and W. S. Warren, “Pump-probe imaging differentiates melanoma from melanocytic nevi,” Sci. Transl. Med. 3(71), 71ra15 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Plotnikov, A. C. Millard, P. J. Campagnola, and W. A. Mohler, “Characterization of the myosin-based source for second-harmonic generation from muscle sarcomeres,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 693–703 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, S. H. Kennedy, T. Svarovsky, J. Rogers, J. W. Kemnitz, A. Xu, and K. T. Zondervan, “High-quality genomic DNA extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples deparaffinized using mineral oil,” Anal. Biochem. 395(2), 265–267 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Gershenwald, M. I. Colome, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, C. Tseng, J. J. Lee, C. M. Balch, and M. I. Ross, “Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma,” J. Clin. Oncol. 16(6), 2253–2260 (1998).
[PubMed]

S. D. Russell and C. P. Daghlian, “Scanning electron microscopic observations on deembedded biological tissue sections: comparison of different fixatives and embedding materials,” J. Electron Microsc. Tech. 2(5), 489–495 (1985).
[Crossref]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Samineni, B. Li, J. W. Wilson, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation imaging,” Opt. Lett. 37(5), 800–802 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, P. Samineni, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation spectral shifting: nonlinear phase contrast in a pump-probe microscope,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(5), 854–862 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Kobat, M. E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A. W. Wong, C. B. Schaffer, and C. Xu, “Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation,” Opt. Express 17(16), 13354–13364 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, W. Zieglgänsberger, and H.-U. Dodt, “Formalin-induced fluorescence reveals cell shape and morphology in biological tissue samples,” PLoS ONE 5(4), e10391 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, T. Mitropoulos, M. A. Selim, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo pump-probe microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions,” Proc. SPIE 8226, 822602, 822602-8 (2012).
[Crossref]

T. E. Matthews, I. R. Piletic, M. A. Selim, M. J. Simpson, and W. S. Warren, “Pump-probe imaging differentiates melanoma from melanocytic nevi,” Sci. Transl. Med. 3(71), 71ra15 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Katz, E. Small, Y. Bromberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Focusing and compression of ultrashort pulses through scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 372–377 (2011).
[Crossref]

T. E. Matthews, I. R. Piletic, M. A. Selim, M. J. Simpson, and W. S. Warren, “Pump-probe imaging differentiates melanoma from melanocytic nevi,” Sci. Transl. Med. 3(71), 71ra15 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. E. Matthews, J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, M. J. Simpson, J. Y. Jin, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo and ex vivo epi-mode pump-probe imaging of melanin and microvasculature,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1576–1583 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Katz, E. Small, Y. Bromberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Focusing and compression of ultrashort pulses through scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 372–377 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. A. Smith, E. L. Barnes, and S. I. Chiosea, “Pathology archive: evaluation of integrity, regulatory compliance, and construction of searchable database from print reports,” Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 135(5), 753–759 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248(4951), 73–76 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Isobe, H. Kawano, T. Takeda, A. Suda, A. Kumagai, H. Mizuno, A. Miyawaki, and K. Midorikawa, “Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1594–1608 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Sudheendran, M. Mohamed, M. G. Ghosn, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Assessment of tissue optical clearing as a function of glucose concentration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 03(3), 169–176 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-K. Sun, C.-C. Chen, S.-W. Chu, T.-H. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, and B.-L. Lin, “Multiharmonic-generation biopsy of skin,” Opt. Lett. 28(24), 2488–2490 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, S. H. Kennedy, T. Svarovsky, J. Rogers, J. W. Kemnitz, A. Xu, and K. T. Zondervan, “High-quality genomic DNA extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples deparaffinized using mineral oil,” Anal. Biochem. 395(2), 265–267 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Isobe, H. Kawano, T. Takeda, A. Suda, A. Kumagai, H. Mizuno, A. Miyawaki, and K. Midorikawa, “Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1594–1608 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. J. Campagnola, A. C. Millard, M. Terasaki, P. E. Hoppe, C. J. Malone, and W. A. Mohler, “Three-dimensional high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins in biological tissues,” Biophys. J. 82(1), 493–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Theer and W. Denk, “On the fundamental imaging-depth limit in two-photon microscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23(12), 3139–3149 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. T. Yeh, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and B. J. Tromberg, “Reversible dissociation of collagen in tissues,” J. Invest. Dermatol. 121(6), 1332–1335 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-K. Sun, C.-C. Chen, S.-W. Chu, T.-H. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, and B.-L. Lin, “Multiharmonic-generation biopsy of skin,” Opt. Lett. 28(24), 2488–2490 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Gershenwald, M. I. Colome, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, C. Tseng, J. J. Lee, C. M. Balch, and M. I. Ross, “Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma,” J. Clin. Oncol. 16(6), 2253–2260 (1998).
[PubMed]

N. Sudheendran, M. Mohamed, M. G. Ghosn, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Assessment of tissue optical clearing as a function of glucose concentration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 03(3), 169–176 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Tissue optical immersion clearing,” Expert Rev. Med. Devices 7(6), 825–842 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing of tissues and blood using the immersion method,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(15), 2497–2518 (2005).
[Crossref]

J. Wang, Y. Liang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, H. Ni, and Y. Li, “Evaluation of optical clearing with the combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixture,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(8), 2329–2338 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, P. Samineni, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation spectral shifting: nonlinear phase contrast in a pump-probe microscope,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(5), 854–862 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Samineni, B. Li, J. W. Wilson, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation imaging,” Opt. Lett. 37(5), 800–802 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, T. Mitropoulos, M. A. Selim, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo pump-probe microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions,” Proc. SPIE 8226, 822602, 822602-8 (2012).
[Crossref]

T. E. Matthews, I. R. Piletic, M. A. Selim, M. J. Simpson, and W. S. Warren, “Pump-probe imaging differentiates melanoma from melanocytic nevi,” Sci. Transl. Med. 3(71), 71ra15 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. E. Matthews, J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, M. J. Simpson, J. Y. Jin, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo and ex vivo epi-mode pump-probe imaging of melanin and microvasculature,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1576–1583 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Fu, T. Ye, T. E. Matthews, G. Yurtsever, and W. S. Warren, “Two-color, two-photon, and excited-state absorption microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(5), 054004 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. C. Kwan, K. Duff, G. K. Gouras, and W. W. Webb, “Optical visualization of Alzheimer’s pathology via multiphoton-excited intrinsic fluorescence and second harmonic generation,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3679–3689 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, and W. W. Webb, “Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences,” Nat. Biotechnol. 21(11), 1369–1377 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248(4951), 73–76 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, and W. W. Webb, “Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences,” Nat. Biotechnol. 21(11), 1369–1377 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Williams and F. Morriss, “Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence as a means for differentiating epinephrine cells from norepinephrine cells in adrenal medulla,” Stain Technol. 45(5), 205–213 (1970).
[PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, T. Mitropoulos, M. A. Selim, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo pump-probe microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions,” Proc. SPIE 8226, 822602, 822602-8 (2012).
[Crossref]

P. Samineni, B. Li, J. W. Wilson, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation imaging,” Opt. Lett. 37(5), 800–802 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, P. Samineni, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation spectral shifting: nonlinear phase contrast in a pump-probe microscope,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(5), 854–862 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. E. Matthews, J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, M. J. Simpson, J. Y. Jin, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo and ex vivo epi-mode pump-probe imaging of melanin and microvasculature,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1576–1583 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Kobat, M. E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A. W. Wong, C. B. Schaffer, and C. Xu, “Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation,” Opt. Express 17(16), 13354–13364 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Min, C. W. Freudiger, S. Lu, and X. S. Xie, “Coherent nonlinear optical imaging: beyond fluorescence microscopy,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 62(1), 507–530 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, S. H. Kennedy, T. Svarovsky, J. Rogers, J. W. Kemnitz, A. Xu, and K. T. Zondervan, “High-quality genomic DNA extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples deparaffinized using mineral oil,” Anal. Biochem. 395(2), 265–267 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Kobat, M. E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A. W. Wong, C. B. Schaffer, and C. Xu, “Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation,” Opt. Express 17(16), 13354–13364 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Fu, T. Ye, T. E. Matthews, G. Yurtsever, and W. S. Warren, “Two-color, two-photon, and excited-state absorption microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(5), 054004 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. T. Yeh, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and B. J. Tromberg, “Reversible dissociation of collagen in tissues,” J. Invest. Dermatol. 121(6), 1332–1335 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Fu, T. Ye, T. E. Matthews, G. Yurtsever, and W. S. Warren, “Two-color, two-photon, and excited-state absorption microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(5), 054004 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, T. Mitropoulos, M. A. Selim, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo pump-probe microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions,” Proc. SPIE 8226, 822602, 822602-8 (2012).
[Crossref]

T. E. Matthews, J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, M. J. Simpson, J. Y. Jin, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo and ex vivo epi-mode pump-probe imaging of melanin and microvasculature,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1576–1583 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Wang, Y. Liang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, H. Ni, and Y. Li, “Evaluation of optical clearing with the combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixture,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(8), 2329–2338 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Wang, Y. Liang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, H. Ni, and Y. Li, “Evaluation of optical clearing with the combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixture,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(8), 2329–2338 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, W. Zieglgänsberger, and H.-U. Dodt, “Formalin-induced fluorescence reveals cell shape and morphology in biological tissue samples,” PLoS ONE 5(4), e10391 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. G. Parra, T. H. Chia, J. P. Zinter, and M. J. Levene, “Multiphoton microscopy of cleared mouse organs,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(3), 036017 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, and W. W. Webb, “Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences,” Nat. Biotechnol. 21(11), 1369–1377 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, S. H. Kennedy, T. Svarovsky, J. Rogers, J. W. Kemnitz, A. Xu, and K. T. Zondervan, “High-quality genomic DNA extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples deparaffinized using mineral oil,” Anal. Biochem. 395(2), 265–267 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. M. Zucker, “Whole insect and mammalian embryo imaging with confocal microscopy: morphology and apoptosis,” Cytometry A 69A(11), 1143–1152 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Smith, E. L. Barnes, and S. I. Chiosea, “Pathology archive: evaluation of integrity, regulatory compliance, and construction of searchable database from print reports,” Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 135(5), 753–759 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, S. H. Kennedy, T. Svarovsky, J. Rogers, J. W. Kemnitz, A. Xu, and K. T. Zondervan, “High-quality genomic DNA extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples deparaffinized using mineral oil,” Anal. Biochem. 395(2), 265–267 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Min, C. W. Freudiger, S. Lu, and X. S. Xie, “Coherent nonlinear optical imaging: beyond fluorescence microscopy,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 62(1), 507–530 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. E. Matthews, J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, M. J. Simpson, J. Y. Jin, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo and ex vivo epi-mode pump-probe imaging of melanin and microvasculature,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1576–1583 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Wang, Y. Liang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, H. Ni, and Y. Li, “Evaluation of optical clearing with the combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixture,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(8), 2329–2338 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Mahou, N. Olivier, G. Labroille, L. Duloquin, J.-M. Sintes, N. Peyriéras, R. Legouis, D. Débarre, and E. Beaurepaire, “Combined third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing microscopy of tissues and embryos,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(10), 2837–2849 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, P. Samineni, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation spectral shifting: nonlinear phase contrast in a pump-probe microscope,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(5), 854–862 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Isobe, H. Kawano, T. Takeda, A. Suda, A. Kumagai, H. Mizuno, A. Miyawaki, and K. Midorikawa, “Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(7), 1594–1608 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. J. Campagnola, A. C. Millard, M. Terasaki, P. E. Hoppe, C. J. Malone, and W. A. Mohler, “Three-dimensional high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins in biological tissues,” Biophys. J. 82(1), 493–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Plotnikov, A. C. Millard, P. J. Campagnola, and W. A. Mohler, “Characterization of the myosin-based source for second-harmonic generation from muscle sarcomeres,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 693–703 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. M. Zucker, “Whole insect and mammalian embryo imaging with confocal microscopy: morphology and apoptosis,” Cytometry A 69A(11), 1143–1152 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Tissue optical immersion clearing,” Expert Rev. Med. Devices 7(6), 825–842 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. G. Parra, T. H. Chia, J. P. Zinter, and M. J. Levene, “Multiphoton microscopy of cleared mouse organs,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(3), 036017 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Fu, T. Ye, T. E. Matthews, G. Yurtsever, and W. S. Warren, “Two-color, two-photon, and excited-state absorption microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(5), 054004 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Gershenwald, M. I. Colome, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, C. Tseng, J. J. Lee, C. M. Balch, and M. I. Ross, “Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma,” J. Clin. Oncol. 16(6), 2253–2260 (1998).
[PubMed]

S. D. Russell and C. P. Daghlian, “Scanning electron microscopic observations on deembedded biological tissue sections: comparison of different fixatives and embedding materials,” J. Electron Microsc. Tech. 2(5), 489–495 (1985).
[Crossref]

R. J. Buesa, “Mineral oil: the best xylene substitute for tissue processing yet?” J. Histotechnol. 23(2), 143–149 (2000).
[Crossref]

N. Sudheendran, M. Mohamed, M. G. Ghosn, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Assessment of tissue optical clearing as a function of glucose concentration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 03(3), 169–176 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. T. Yeh, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and B. J. Tromberg, “Reversible dissociation of collagen in tissues,” J. Invest. Dermatol. 121(6), 1332–1335 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Theer and W. Denk, “On the fundamental imaging-depth limit in two-photon microscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23(12), 3139–3149 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing of tissues and blood using the immersion method,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(15), 2497–2518 (2005).
[Crossref]

W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, and W. W. Webb, “Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences,” Nat. Biotechnol. 21(11), 1369–1377 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nat. Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nat. Neurosci. 14(11), 1481–1488 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Katz, E. Small, Y. Bromberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Focusing and compression of ultrashort pulses through scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 372–377 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. J. Lea, “Solubility of melanins,” Nature 170(4330), 709 (1952).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. C. Kwan, K. Duff, G. K. Gouras, and W. W. Webb, “Optical visualization of Alzheimer’s pathology via multiphoton-excited intrinsic fluorescence and second harmonic generation,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3679–3689 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Kobat, M. E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A. W. Wong, C. B. Schaffer, and C. Xu, “Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation,” Opt. Express 17(16), 13354–13364 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-K. Sun, C.-C. Chen, S.-W. Chu, T.-H. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, and B.-L. Lin, “Multiharmonic-generation biopsy of skin,” Opt. Lett. 28(24), 2488–2490 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Samineni, B. Li, J. W. Wilson, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation imaging,” Opt. Lett. 37(5), 800–802 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, W. Zieglgänsberger, and H.-U. Dodt, “Formalin-induced fluorescence reveals cell shape and morphology in biological tissue samples,” PLoS ONE 5(4), e10391 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Wilson, S. Degan, T. Mitropoulos, M. A. Selim, J. Y. Zhang, and W. S. Warren, “In vivo pump-probe microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions,” Proc. SPIE 8226, 822602, 822602-8 (2012).
[Crossref]

T. E. Matthews, I. R. Piletic, M. A. Selim, M. J. Simpson, and W. S. Warren, “Pump-probe imaging differentiates melanoma from melanocytic nevi,” Sci. Transl. Med. 3(71), 71ra15 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248(4951), 73–76 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Williams and F. Morriss, “Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence as a means for differentiating epinephrine cells from norepinephrine cells in adrenal medulla,” Stain Technol. 45(5), 205–213 (1970).
[PubMed]

T. M. Cooper, S. T. Schuschereba, R. D. O’Connor, D. L. Bolton, and D. L. Lund, Melanin: The Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on the Spectral Properties (National Technical Information Service, 1986).

A.-S. Chiang, “Aqueous tissue clearing solution,” U.S. patent 6472216 (October 29, 2002).