Transdermal fluorescence detection of a dual fluorophore system for noninvasive point-of-care gastrointestinal permeability measurement

M. Camilleri, “Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans,” Gut 68(8), 1516–1526 (2019).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

A. Nier, A. J. Engstler, I. B. Maier, and I. Bergheim, “Markers of intestinal permeability are already altered in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Studies in children,” PLoS One 12(9), e0183282 (2017).
[Crossref]

L. Fotis, N. Shaikh, K. W. Baszis, C. M. Samson, R. Lev-Tzion, A. R. French, and P. I. Tarr, “Serologic Evidence of Gut-driven Systemic Inflammation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis,” J. Rheumatol. 44(11), 1624–1631 (2017)..
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

J. Schleusener, J. Lademann, and M. E. Darvin, “Depth-dependent autofluorescence photobleaching using 325, 473, 633, and 785 nm of porcine ear skin ex vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(9), 091503 (2017).
[Crossref]

A. Michielan and R. D’Inca, “Intestinal Permeability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Evaluation, and Therapy of Leaky Gut,” Mediators Inflammation 2015, 1–10 (2015).
[Crossref]

B. G. Levesque, W. J. Sandborn, J. Ruel, B. G. Feagan, B. E. Sands, and J. F. Colombel, “Converging goals of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from clinical trials and practice,” Gastroenterology 148(1), 37–51.e1 (2015).
[Crossref]

D. M. Denno, K. VanBuskirk, Z. C. Nelson, C. A. Musser, D. C. Hay Burgess, and P. Tarr, “Use of the lactulose to mannitol ratio to evaluate childhood environmental enteric dysfunction: a systematic review,” Clin. Infect. Dis. 59(suppl_4), S213–S219 (2014).
[Crossref]

I. R. Sequeira, R. G. Lentle, M. C. Kruger, and R. D. Hurst, “Standardising the lactulose mannitol test of gut permeability to minimise error and promote comparability,” PLoS One 9(6), e99256 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. T. Rubin, R. Mody, K. L. Davis, and C. C. Wang, “Real-world assessment of therapy changes, suboptimal treatment and associated costs in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease,” Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 39(10), 1143–1155 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

M. D. Kappelman, K. R. Moore, and J. K. Allen, “Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in a Commercially Insured US Population,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 58(2), 519–525 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. M. Lostia, L. Lionetto, L. Principessa, M. Evangelisti, A. Gamba, M. P. Villa, and M. Simmaco, “A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the evaluation of intestinal permeability,” Clin. Biochem. 41(10-11), 887–892 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. E. Johansson and T. Ekman, “Gut toxicity during hemopoietic stem cell transplantation may predict acute graft-versus-host disease severity in patients,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 52(9), 2340–2345 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. Hesse, V. Razmovski-Naumovski, C. C. Duke, N. M. Davies, and B. D. Roufogalis, “Phytopreventative effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against acute Indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats,” Phytother. Res. 21(6), 523–530 (2007).
[Crossref]

M. Jacob, R. Foster, G. Sigthorsson, R. Simpson, and I. Bjarnason, “Role of bile in pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced enteropathy,” Arch. Toxicol. 81(4), 291–298 (2007)..
[Crossref]

H. Nishio, Y. Hayashi, S. Terashima, and K. Takeuchi, “Protective effect of pranlukast, a cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist, on indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in rats,” Inflammopharmacology 15(6), 266–272 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. S. Bradley and M. S. Thorniley, “A review of attenuation correction techniques for tissue fluorescence,” J. R. Soc., Interface 3(6), 1–13 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

H. Suzuki, N. Hanyou, I. Sonaka, and H. Minami, “An elemental diet controls inflammation in indomethacin-induced small bowel disease in rats: the role of low dietary fat and the elimination of dietary proteins,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 50(10), 1951–1958 (2005).
[Crossref]

Z. Sun, A. Lasson, K. Olanders, X. Deng, and R. Andersson, “Gut barrier permeability, reticuloendothelial system function and protease inhibitor levels following intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion–effects of pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and indomethacin,” Dig. Liver Dis. 34(8), 560–569 (2002).
[Crossref]

K. Shiraia, A. Yanagisawab, H. Takahashib, K. Fukunishia, and M. Matsuokac, “Syntheses and fluorescent properties of 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine dyes,” Dyes Pigm. 39(1), 49–68 (1998).
[Crossref]

M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

M. R. Wright, N. M. Davies, and F. Jamali, “Toxicokinetics of indomethacin-induced intestinal permeability in the rat,” Pharmacol. Res. 35(6), 499–504 (1997).
[Crossref]

N. M. Davies, M. R. Wright, and F. Jamali, “Antiinflammatory drug-induced small intestinal permeability: the rat is a suitable model,” Pharm. Res. 11(11), 1652–1656 (1994).
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

M. D. Kappelman, K. R. Moore, and J. K. Allen, “Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in a Commercially Insured US Population,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 58(2), 519–525 (2013).
[Crossref]

Z. Sun, A. Lasson, K. Olanders, X. Deng, and R. Andersson, “Gut barrier permeability, reticuloendothelial system function and protease inhibitor levels following intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion–effects of pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and indomethacin,” Dig. Liver Dis. 34(8), 560–569 (2002).
[Crossref]

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

L. Fotis, N. Shaikh, K. W. Baszis, C. M. Samson, R. Lev-Tzion, A. R. French, and P. I. Tarr, “Serologic Evidence of Gut-driven Systemic Inflammation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis,” J. Rheumatol. 44(11), 1624–1631 (2017)..
[Crossref]

M. P. Debreczeny, R. Bates, R. M. Fitch, K. P. Galen, J. Ge, and R. B. Dorshow, “Human skin auto-fluorescence decay as a function of irradiance and skin type,” Proc. SPIE 7897, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII, 78971T (2011).

A. Nier, A. J. Engstler, I. B. Maier, and I. Bergheim, “Markers of intestinal permeability are already altered in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Studies in children,” PLoS One 12(9), e0183282 (2017).
[Crossref]

M. Jacob, R. Foster, G. Sigthorsson, R. Simpson, and I. Bjarnason, “Role of bile in pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced enteropathy,” Arch. Toxicol. 81(4), 291–298 (2007)..
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

R. S. Bradley and M. S. Thorniley, “A review of attenuation correction techniques for tissue fluorescence,” J. R. Soc., Interface 3(6), 1–13 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

M. Camilleri, “Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans,” Gut 68(8), 1516–1526 (2019).
[Crossref]

M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
[Crossref]

B. G. Levesque, W. J. Sandborn, J. Ruel, B. G. Feagan, B. E. Sands, and J. F. Colombel, “Converging goals of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from clinical trials and practice,” Gastroenterology 148(1), 37–51.e1 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Michielan and R. D’Inca, “Intestinal Permeability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Evaluation, and Therapy of Leaky Gut,” Mediators Inflammation 2015, 1–10 (2015).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

J. Schleusener, J. Lademann, and M. E. Darvin, “Depth-dependent autofluorescence photobleaching using 325, 473, 633, and 785 nm of porcine ear skin ex vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(9), 091503 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Hesse, V. Razmovski-Naumovski, C. C. Duke, N. M. Davies, and B. D. Roufogalis, “Phytopreventative effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against acute Indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats,” Phytother. Res. 21(6), 523–530 (2007).
[Crossref]

M. R. Wright, N. M. Davies, and F. Jamali, “Toxicokinetics of indomethacin-induced intestinal permeability in the rat,” Pharmacol. Res. 35(6), 499–504 (1997).
[Crossref]

N. M. Davies, M. R. Wright, and F. Jamali, “Antiinflammatory drug-induced small intestinal permeability: the rat is a suitable model,” Pharm. Res. 11(11), 1652–1656 (1994).
[Crossref]

D. T. Rubin, R. Mody, K. L. Davis, and C. C. Wang, “Real-world assessment of therapy changes, suboptimal treatment and associated costs in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease,” Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 39(10), 1143–1155 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

M. P. Debreczeny, R. Bates, R. M. Fitch, K. P. Galen, J. Ge, and R. B. Dorshow, “Human skin auto-fluorescence decay as a function of irradiance and skin type,” Proc. SPIE 7897, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII, 78971T (2011).

Z. Sun, A. Lasson, K. Olanders, X. Deng, and R. Andersson, “Gut barrier permeability, reticuloendothelial system function and protease inhibitor levels following intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion–effects of pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and indomethacin,” Dig. Liver Dis. 34(8), 560–569 (2002).
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. M. Denno, K. VanBuskirk, Z. C. Nelson, C. A. Musser, D. C. Hay Burgess, and P. Tarr, “Use of the lactulose to mannitol ratio to evaluate childhood environmental enteric dysfunction: a systematic review,” Clin. Infect. Dis. 59(suppl_4), S213–S219 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

M. P. Debreczeny, R. Bates, R. M. Fitch, K. P. Galen, J. Ge, and R. B. Dorshow, “Human skin auto-fluorescence decay as a function of irradiance and skin type,” Proc. SPIE 7897, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII, 78971T (2011).

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

C. Hesse, V. Razmovski-Naumovski, C. C. Duke, N. M. Davies, and B. D. Roufogalis, “Phytopreventative effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against acute Indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats,” Phytother. Res. 21(6), 523–530 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

J. E. Johansson and T. Ekman, “Gut toxicity during hemopoietic stem cell transplantation may predict acute graft-versus-host disease severity in patients,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 52(9), 2340–2345 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

A. Nier, A. J. Engstler, I. B. Maier, and I. Bergheim, “Markers of intestinal permeability are already altered in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Studies in children,” PLoS One 12(9), e0183282 (2017).
[Crossref]

A. M. Lostia, L. Lionetto, L. Principessa, M. Evangelisti, A. Gamba, M. P. Villa, and M. Simmaco, “A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the evaluation of intestinal permeability,” Clin. Biochem. 41(10-11), 887–892 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

B. G. Levesque, W. J. Sandborn, J. Ruel, B. G. Feagan, B. E. Sands, and J. F. Colombel, “Converging goals of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from clinical trials and practice,” Gastroenterology 148(1), 37–51.e1 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. P. Debreczeny, R. Bates, R. M. Fitch, K. P. Galen, J. Ge, and R. B. Dorshow, “Human skin auto-fluorescence decay as a function of irradiance and skin type,” Proc. SPIE 7897, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII, 78971T (2011).

M. Jacob, R. Foster, G. Sigthorsson, R. Simpson, and I. Bjarnason, “Role of bile in pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced enteropathy,” Arch. Toxicol. 81(4), 291–298 (2007)..
[Crossref]

L. Fotis, N. Shaikh, K. W. Baszis, C. M. Samson, R. Lev-Tzion, A. R. French, and P. I. Tarr, “Serologic Evidence of Gut-driven Systemic Inflammation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis,” J. Rheumatol. 44(11), 1624–1631 (2017)..
[Crossref]

L. Fotis, N. Shaikh, K. W. Baszis, C. M. Samson, R. Lev-Tzion, A. R. French, and P. I. Tarr, “Serologic Evidence of Gut-driven Systemic Inflammation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis,” J. Rheumatol. 44(11), 1624–1631 (2017)..
[Crossref]

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

K. Shiraia, A. Yanagisawab, H. Takahashib, K. Fukunishia, and M. Matsuokac, “Syntheses and fluorescent properties of 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine dyes,” Dyes Pigm. 39(1), 49–68 (1998).
[Crossref]

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. P. Debreczeny, R. Bates, R. M. Fitch, K. P. Galen, J. Ge, and R. B. Dorshow, “Human skin auto-fluorescence decay as a function of irradiance and skin type,” Proc. SPIE 7897, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII, 78971T (2011).

A. M. Lostia, L. Lionetto, L. Principessa, M. Evangelisti, A. Gamba, M. P. Villa, and M. Simmaco, “A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the evaluation of intestinal permeability,” Clin. Biochem. 41(10-11), 887–892 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. P. Debreczeny, R. Bates, R. M. Fitch, K. P. Galen, J. Ge, and R. B. Dorshow, “Human skin auto-fluorescence decay as a function of irradiance and skin type,” Proc. SPIE 7897, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII, 78971T (2011).

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
[Crossref]

M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

H. Suzuki, N. Hanyou, I. Sonaka, and H. Minami, “An elemental diet controls inflammation in indomethacin-induced small bowel disease in rats: the role of low dietary fat and the elimination of dietary proteins,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 50(10), 1951–1958 (2005).
[Crossref]

D. M. Denno, K. VanBuskirk, Z. C. Nelson, C. A. Musser, D. C. Hay Burgess, and P. Tarr, “Use of the lactulose to mannitol ratio to evaluate childhood environmental enteric dysfunction: a systematic review,” Clin. Infect. Dis. 59(suppl_4), S213–S219 (2014).
[Crossref]

H. Nishio, Y. Hayashi, S. Terashima, and K. Takeuchi, “Protective effect of pranlukast, a cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist, on indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in rats,” Inflammopharmacology 15(6), 266–272 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

C. Hesse, V. Razmovski-Naumovski, C. C. Duke, N. M. Davies, and B. D. Roufogalis, “Phytopreventative effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against acute Indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats,” Phytother. Res. 21(6), 523–530 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

I. R. Sequeira, R. G. Lentle, M. C. Kruger, and R. D. Hurst, “Standardising the lactulose mannitol test of gut permeability to minimise error and promote comparability,” PLoS One 9(6), e99256 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

M. Jacob, R. Foster, G. Sigthorsson, R. Simpson, and I. Bjarnason, “Role of bile in pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced enteropathy,” Arch. Toxicol. 81(4), 291–298 (2007)..
[Crossref]

M. R. Wright, N. M. Davies, and F. Jamali, “Toxicokinetics of indomethacin-induced intestinal permeability in the rat,” Pharmacol. Res. 35(6), 499–504 (1997).
[Crossref]

N. M. Davies, M. R. Wright, and F. Jamali, “Antiinflammatory drug-induced small intestinal permeability: the rat is a suitable model,” Pharm. Res. 11(11), 1652–1656 (1994).
[Crossref]

J. E. Johansson and T. Ekman, “Gut toxicity during hemopoietic stem cell transplantation may predict acute graft-versus-host disease severity in patients,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 52(9), 2340–2345 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

M. D. Kappelman, K. R. Moore, and J. K. Allen, “Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in a Commercially Insured US Population,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 58(2), 519–525 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

I. R. Sequeira, R. G. Lentle, M. C. Kruger, and R. D. Hurst, “Standardising the lactulose mannitol test of gut permeability to minimise error and promote comparability,” PLoS One 9(6), e99256 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

J. Schleusener, J. Lademann, and M. E. Darvin, “Depth-dependent autofluorescence photobleaching using 325, 473, 633, and 785 nm of porcine ear skin ex vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(9), 091503 (2017).
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

Z. Sun, A. Lasson, K. Olanders, X. Deng, and R. Andersson, “Gut barrier permeability, reticuloendothelial system function and protease inhibitor levels following intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion–effects of pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and indomethacin,” Dig. Liver Dis. 34(8), 560–569 (2002).
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

I. R. Sequeira, R. G. Lentle, M. C. Kruger, and R. D. Hurst, “Standardising the lactulose mannitol test of gut permeability to minimise error and promote comparability,” PLoS One 9(6), e99256 (2014).
[Crossref]

B. G. Levesque, W. J. Sandborn, J. Ruel, B. G. Feagan, B. E. Sands, and J. F. Colombel, “Converging goals of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from clinical trials and practice,” Gastroenterology 148(1), 37–51.e1 (2015).
[Crossref]

L. Fotis, N. Shaikh, K. W. Baszis, C. M. Samson, R. Lev-Tzion, A. R. French, and P. I. Tarr, “Serologic Evidence of Gut-driven Systemic Inflammation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis,” J. Rheumatol. 44(11), 1624–1631 (2017)..
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. M. Lostia, L. Lionetto, L. Principessa, M. Evangelisti, A. Gamba, M. P. Villa, and M. Simmaco, “A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the evaluation of intestinal permeability,” Clin. Biochem. 41(10-11), 887–892 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

A. M. Lostia, L. Lionetto, L. Principessa, M. Evangelisti, A. Gamba, M. P. Villa, and M. Simmaco, “A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the evaluation of intestinal permeability,” Clin. Biochem. 41(10-11), 887–892 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Nier, A. J. Engstler, I. B. Maier, and I. Bergheim, “Markers of intestinal permeability are already altered in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Studies in children,” PLoS One 12(9), e0183282 (2017).
[Crossref]

K. Shiraia, A. Yanagisawab, H. Takahashib, K. Fukunishia, and M. Matsuokac, “Syntheses and fluorescent properties of 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine dyes,” Dyes Pigm. 39(1), 49–68 (1998).
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. Michielan and R. D’Inca, “Intestinal Permeability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Evaluation, and Therapy of Leaky Gut,” Mediators Inflammation 2015, 1–10 (2015).
[Crossref]

H. Suzuki, N. Hanyou, I. Sonaka, and H. Minami, “An elemental diet controls inflammation in indomethacin-induced small bowel disease in rats: the role of low dietary fat and the elimination of dietary proteins,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 50(10), 1951–1958 (2005).
[Crossref]

D. T. Rubin, R. Mody, K. L. Davis, and C. C. Wang, “Real-world assessment of therapy changes, suboptimal treatment and associated costs in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease,” Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 39(10), 1143–1155 (2014).
[Crossref]

M. D. Kappelman, K. R. Moore, and J. K. Allen, “Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in a Commercially Insured US Population,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 58(2), 519–525 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

D. M. Denno, K. VanBuskirk, Z. C. Nelson, C. A. Musser, D. C. Hay Burgess, and P. Tarr, “Use of the lactulose to mannitol ratio to evaluate childhood environmental enteric dysfunction: a systematic review,” Clin. Infect. Dis. 59(suppl_4), S213–S219 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. M. Denno, K. VanBuskirk, Z. C. Nelson, C. A. Musser, D. C. Hay Burgess, and P. Tarr, “Use of the lactulose to mannitol ratio to evaluate childhood environmental enteric dysfunction: a systematic review,” Clin. Infect. Dis. 59(suppl_4), S213–S219 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. Nier, A. J. Engstler, I. B. Maier, and I. Bergheim, “Markers of intestinal permeability are already altered in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Studies in children,” PLoS One 12(9), e0183282 (2017).
[Crossref]

H. Nishio, Y. Hayashi, S. Terashima, and K. Takeuchi, “Protective effect of pranlukast, a cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist, on indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in rats,” Inflammopharmacology 15(6), 266–272 (2007).
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

Z. Sun, A. Lasson, K. Olanders, X. Deng, and R. Andersson, “Gut barrier permeability, reticuloendothelial system function and protease inhibitor levels following intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion–effects of pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and indomethacin,” Dig. Liver Dis. 34(8), 560–569 (2002).
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
[Crossref]

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. M. Lostia, L. Lionetto, L. Principessa, M. Evangelisti, A. Gamba, M. P. Villa, and M. Simmaco, “A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the evaluation of intestinal permeability,” Clin. Biochem. 41(10-11), 887–892 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

C. Hesse, V. Razmovski-Naumovski, C. C. Duke, N. M. Davies, and B. D. Roufogalis, “Phytopreventative effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against acute Indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats,” Phytother. Res. 21(6), 523–530 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Hesse, V. Razmovski-Naumovski, C. C. Duke, N. M. Davies, and B. D. Roufogalis, “Phytopreventative effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against acute Indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats,” Phytother. Res. 21(6), 523–530 (2007).
[Crossref]

D. T. Rubin, R. Mody, K. L. Davis, and C. C. Wang, “Real-world assessment of therapy changes, suboptimal treatment and associated costs in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease,” Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 39(10), 1143–1155 (2014).
[Crossref]

B. G. Levesque, W. J. Sandborn, J. Ruel, B. G. Feagan, B. E. Sands, and J. F. Colombel, “Converging goals of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from clinical trials and practice,” Gastroenterology 148(1), 37–51.e1 (2015).
[Crossref]

M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
[Crossref]

L. Fotis, N. Shaikh, K. W. Baszis, C. M. Samson, R. Lev-Tzion, A. R. French, and P. I. Tarr, “Serologic Evidence of Gut-driven Systemic Inflammation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis,” J. Rheumatol. 44(11), 1624–1631 (2017)..
[Crossref]

B. G. Levesque, W. J. Sandborn, J. Ruel, B. G. Feagan, B. E. Sands, and J. F. Colombel, “Converging goals of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from clinical trials and practice,” Gastroenterology 148(1), 37–51.e1 (2015).
[Crossref]

B. G. Levesque, W. J. Sandborn, J. Ruel, B. G. Feagan, B. E. Sands, and J. F. Colombel, “Converging goals of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from clinical trials and practice,” Gastroenterology 148(1), 37–51.e1 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. Schleusener, J. Lademann, and M. E. Darvin, “Depth-dependent autofluorescence photobleaching using 325, 473, 633, and 785 nm of porcine ear skin ex vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(9), 091503 (2017).
[Crossref]

S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
[Crossref]

I. R. Sequeira, R. G. Lentle, M. C. Kruger, and R. D. Hurst, “Standardising the lactulose mannitol test of gut permeability to minimise error and promote comparability,” PLoS One 9(6), e99256 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

L. Fotis, N. Shaikh, K. W. Baszis, C. M. Samson, R. Lev-Tzion, A. R. French, and P. I. Tarr, “Serologic Evidence of Gut-driven Systemic Inflammation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis,” J. Rheumatol. 44(11), 1624–1631 (2017)..
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

K. Shiraia, A. Yanagisawab, H. Takahashib, K. Fukunishia, and M. Matsuokac, “Syntheses and fluorescent properties of 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine dyes,” Dyes Pigm. 39(1), 49–68 (1998).
[Crossref]

M. Jacob, R. Foster, G. Sigthorsson, R. Simpson, and I. Bjarnason, “Role of bile in pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced enteropathy,” Arch. Toxicol. 81(4), 291–298 (2007)..
[Crossref]

A. M. Lostia, L. Lionetto, L. Principessa, M. Evangelisti, A. Gamba, M. P. Villa, and M. Simmaco, “A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the evaluation of intestinal permeability,” Clin. Biochem. 41(10-11), 887–892 (2008).
[Crossref]

M. Jacob, R. Foster, G. Sigthorsson, R. Simpson, and I. Bjarnason, “Role of bile in pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced enteropathy,” Arch. Toxicol. 81(4), 291–298 (2007)..
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

H. Suzuki, N. Hanyou, I. Sonaka, and H. Minami, “An elemental diet controls inflammation in indomethacin-induced small bowel disease in rats: the role of low dietary fat and the elimination of dietary proteins,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 50(10), 1951–1958 (2005).
[Crossref]

Z. Sun, A. Lasson, K. Olanders, X. Deng, and R. Andersson, “Gut barrier permeability, reticuloendothelial system function and protease inhibitor levels following intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion–effects of pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and indomethacin,” Dig. Liver Dis. 34(8), 560–569 (2002).
[Crossref]

H. Suzuki, N. Hanyou, I. Sonaka, and H. Minami, “An elemental diet controls inflammation in indomethacin-induced small bowel disease in rats: the role of low dietary fat and the elimination of dietary proteins,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 50(10), 1951–1958 (2005).
[Crossref]

K. Shiraia, A. Yanagisawab, H. Takahashib, K. Fukunishia, and M. Matsuokac, “Syntheses and fluorescent properties of 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine dyes,” Dyes Pigm. 39(1), 49–68 (1998).
[Crossref]

H. Nishio, Y. Hayashi, S. Terashima, and K. Takeuchi, “Protective effect of pranlukast, a cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist, on indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in rats,” Inflammopharmacology 15(6), 266–272 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. M. Denno, K. VanBuskirk, Z. C. Nelson, C. A. Musser, D. C. Hay Burgess, and P. Tarr, “Use of the lactulose to mannitol ratio to evaluate childhood environmental enteric dysfunction: a systematic review,” Clin. Infect. Dis. 59(suppl_4), S213–S219 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
[Crossref]

L. Fotis, N. Shaikh, K. W. Baszis, C. M. Samson, R. Lev-Tzion, A. R. French, and P. I. Tarr, “Serologic Evidence of Gut-driven Systemic Inflammation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis,” J. Rheumatol. 44(11), 1624–1631 (2017)..
[Crossref]

H. Nishio, Y. Hayashi, S. Terashima, and K. Takeuchi, “Protective effect of pranlukast, a cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist, on indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in rats,” Inflammopharmacology 15(6), 266–272 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. S. Bradley and M. S. Thorniley, “A review of attenuation correction techniques for tissue fluorescence,” J. R. Soc., Interface 3(6), 1–13 (2006).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

D. M. Denno, K. VanBuskirk, Z. C. Nelson, C. A. Musser, D. C. Hay Burgess, and P. Tarr, “Use of the lactulose to mannitol ratio to evaluate childhood environmental enteric dysfunction: a systematic review,” Clin. Infect. Dis. 59(suppl_4), S213–S219 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
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M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
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M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. M. Lostia, L. Lionetto, L. Principessa, M. Evangelisti, A. Gamba, M. P. Villa, and M. Simmaco, “A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the evaluation of intestinal permeability,” Clin. Biochem. 41(10-11), 887–892 (2008).
[Crossref]

M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
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D. T. Rubin, R. Mody, K. L. Davis, and C. C. Wang, “Real-world assessment of therapy changes, suboptimal treatment and associated costs in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease,” Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 39(10), 1143–1155 (2014).
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C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

M. R. Wright, N. M. Davies, and F. Jamali, “Toxicokinetics of indomethacin-induced intestinal permeability in the rat,” Pharmacol. Res. 35(6), 499–504 (1997).
[Crossref]

N. M. Davies, M. R. Wright, and F. Jamali, “Antiinflammatory drug-induced small intestinal permeability: the rat is a suitable model,” Pharm. Res. 11(11), 1652–1656 (1994).
[Crossref]

K. Shiraia, A. Yanagisawab, H. Takahashib, K. Fukunishia, and M. Matsuokac, “Syntheses and fluorescent properties of 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine dyes,” Dyes Pigm. 39(1), 49–68 (1998).
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. T. Rubin, R. Mody, K. L. Davis, and C. C. Wang, “Real-world assessment of therapy changes, suboptimal treatment and associated costs in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease,” Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 39(10), 1143–1155 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Shah, M. Akbari, R. Vanga, C. P. Kelly, J. Hansen, T. Theethira, S. Tariq, M. Dennis, and D. A. Leffler, “Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109(9), 1304–1311 (2014).
[Crossref]

M. Jacob, R. Foster, G. Sigthorsson, R. Simpson, and I. Bjarnason, “Role of bile in pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced enteropathy,” Arch. Toxicol. 81(4), 291–298 (2007)..
[Crossref]

A. M. Lostia, L. Lionetto, L. Principessa, M. Evangelisti, A. Gamba, M. P. Villa, and M. Simmaco, “A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the evaluation of intestinal permeability,” Clin. Biochem. 41(10-11), 887–892 (2008).
[Crossref]

C. W. Teshima, K. J. Goodman, M. El-Kalla, S. Turk, W. El-Matary, R. Valcheva, R. Danchak, M. Gordon, P. Ho, A. Mullins, D. Wong, D. Kao, J. Meddings, H. Huynh, and L. A. Dieleman, “Increased Intestinal Permeability in Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease Is Not Associated With Small Bowel Ulcerations,” Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(9), 1413–1418.e1 (2017)..
[Crossref]

D. M. Denno, K. VanBuskirk, Z. C. Nelson, C. A. Musser, D. C. Hay Burgess, and P. Tarr, “Use of the lactulose to mannitol ratio to evaluate childhood environmental enteric dysfunction: a systematic review,” Clin. Infect. Dis. 59(suppl_4), S213–S219 (2014).
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J. E. Johansson and T. Ekman, “Gut toxicity during hemopoietic stem cell transplantation may predict acute graft-versus-host disease severity in patients,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 52(9), 2340–2345 (2007).
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M. D. Kappelman, K. R. Moore, and J. K. Allen, “Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in a Commercially Insured US Population,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 58(2), 519–525 (2013).
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H. Suzuki, N. Hanyou, I. Sonaka, and H. Minami, “An elemental diet controls inflammation in indomethacin-induced small bowel disease in rats: the role of low dietary fat and the elimination of dietary proteins,” Dig. Dis. Sci. 50(10), 1951–1958 (2005).
[Crossref]

Z. Sun, A. Lasson, K. Olanders, X. Deng, and R. Andersson, “Gut barrier permeability, reticuloendothelial system function and protease inhibitor levels following intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion–effects of pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and indomethacin,” Dig. Liver Dis. 34(8), 560–569 (2002).
[Crossref]

K. Shiraia, A. Yanagisawab, H. Takahashib, K. Fukunishia, and M. Matsuokac, “Syntheses and fluorescent properties of 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine dyes,” Dyes Pigm. 39(1), 49–68 (1998).
[Crossref]

E. Smecuol, J. C. Bai, H. Vazquez, Z. Kogan, A. Cabanne, S. Niveloni, S. Pedreira, L. Boerr, E. Mauriño, and J. B. Meddings, “Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease,” Gastroenterology 112(4), 1129–1136 (1997).
[Crossref]

M. Peeters, B. Geypens, D. Claus, H. Nevens, Y. Ghoos, G. Verbeke, F. Baert, S. Vermeire, R. Vlietinck, and P. Rutgeerts, “Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease,” Gastroenterology 113(3), 802–807 (1997).
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B. G. Levesque, W. J. Sandborn, J. Ruel, B. G. Feagan, B. E. Sands, and J. F. Colombel, “Converging goals of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from clinical trials and practice,” Gastroenterology 148(1), 37–51.e1 (2015).
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M. Camilleri, “Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans,” Gut 68(8), 1516–1526 (2019).
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S. Buhner, C. Buning, J. Genschel, K. Kling, D. Herrmann, A. Dignass, I. Kuechler, S. Krueger, H. H Schmidt, and H. Lochs, “Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation,” Gut 55(3), 342–347 (2006).
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H. Nishio, Y. Hayashi, S. Terashima, and K. Takeuchi, “Protective effect of pranlukast, a cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist, on indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in rats,” Inflammopharmacology 15(6), 266–272 (2007).
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J. Schleusener, J. Lademann, and M. E. Darvin, “Depth-dependent autofluorescence photobleaching using 325, 473, 633, and 785 nm of porcine ear skin ex vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(9), 091503 (2017).
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R. Rajagopalan, W. L. Neumann, A. R. Poreddy, R. M. Fitch, J. N. Freskos, B. Asmelash, K. R. Gaston, K. P. Galen, J. J. Shieh, and R. M. Dorshow, “Hydrophilic pyrazine dyes as exogenous fluorescent tracer agents for real-time point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate,” J. Med. Chem. 54(14), 5048–5058 (2011).
[Crossref]

G. O. Lee, P. Kosek, A. A. M. Lima, R. Singh, P. P. Yori, M. P. Olortegui, J. L. Lamsam, D. B. Oliveira, R. L. Guerrant, and M. Kosek, “Lactulose: mannitol diagnostic test by HPLC and LC-MSMS platforms: considerations for field studies of intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 59(4), 544–550 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. S. Bradley and M. S. Thorniley, “A review of attenuation correction techniques for tissue fluorescence,” J. R. Soc., Interface 3(6), 1–13 (2006).
[Crossref]

L. Fotis, N. Shaikh, K. W. Baszis, C. M. Samson, R. Lev-Tzion, A. R. French, and P. I. Tarr, “Serologic Evidence of Gut-driven Systemic Inflammation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis,” J. Rheumatol. 44(11), 1624–1631 (2017)..
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A. Michielan and R. D’Inca, “Intestinal Permeability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Evaluation, and Therapy of Leaky Gut,” Mediators Inflammation 2015, 1–10 (2015).
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N. M. Davies, M. R. Wright, and F. Jamali, “Antiinflammatory drug-induced small intestinal permeability: the rat is a suitable model,” Pharm. Res. 11(11), 1652–1656 (1994).
[Crossref]

M. R. Wright, N. M. Davies, and F. Jamali, “Toxicokinetics of indomethacin-induced intestinal permeability in the rat,” Pharmacol. Res. 35(6), 499–504 (1997).
[Crossref]

C. Hesse, V. Razmovski-Naumovski, C. C. Duke, N. M. Davies, and B. D. Roufogalis, “Phytopreventative effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against acute Indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats,” Phytother. Res. 21(6), 523–530 (2007).
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A. Nier, A. J. Engstler, I. B. Maier, and I. Bergheim, “Markers of intestinal permeability are already altered in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Studies in children,” PLoS One 12(9), e0183282 (2017).
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R. B. Dorshow, C. Hall-Moore, N. Shaikh, M. R. Talcott, W. A. Faubion, T. E. Rogers, J. J. Shieh, M. P. Debreczeny, J. R. Johnson, R. B. Dyer, R. J. Singh, and P. I. Tarr, “Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10888 (2017).
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M. P. Debreczeny, R. Bates, R. M. Fitch, K. P. Galen, J. Ge, and R. B. Dorshow, “Human skin auto-fluorescence decay as a function of irradiance and skin type,” Proc. SPIE 7897, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII, 78971T (2011).