Separation of absorption and scattering properties of turbid media using relative spectrally resolved cw radiance measurements

Serge Grabtchak; William M. Whelan

doi:10.1364/BOE.3.002371

Separation of absorption and scattering properties of turbid media using relative spectrally resolved cw radiance measurements

Serge Grabtchak and William M. Whelan

Biomedical Optics Express
Vol. 3,
Issue 10,
pp. 2371-2380
(2012)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.3.002371

Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Serge Grabtchak and William M. Whelan, "Separation of absorption and scattering properties of turbid media using relative spectrally resolved cw radiance measurements," Biomed. Opt. Express 3, 2371-2380 (2012)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Get PDF (2924 KB)
Set citation alerts
Save article

Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Optics of Tissue and Turbid Media
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Light propagation in tissues (170.3660)
- Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics (170.6510)
- Turbid media (170.7050)
- Tissue characterization (170.6935)
- Multiple scattering (290.4210)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: June 12, 2012
- Revised Manuscript: August 27, 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: August 27, 2012
- Published: September 4, 2012

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

We present a new method for extracting the effective attenuation coefficient and the diffusion coefficient from relative spectrally resolved cw radiance measurements using the diffusion approximation. The method is validated on both simulated and experimental radiance data sets using Intralipid-1% as a test platform. The effective attenuation coefficient is determined from a simple algebraic expression constructed from a ratio of two radiance measurements at two different source–detector separations and the same 90° angle. The diffusion coefficient is determined from another ratio constructed from two radiance measurements at two angles (0° and 180°) and the same source–detector separation. The conditions of the validity of the method as well as possible practical applications are discussed.

Full Article | PDF Article

OSA Recommended Articles

Determination of the optical properties of tissue-simulating phantoms from interstitial frequency domain measurements of relative fluence and phase difference

Heping Xu and Michael S. Patterson
Opt. Express 14(14) 6485-6501 (2006)

Use of the δ-P₁ approximation for recovery of optical absorption, scattering, and asymmetry coefficients in turbid media

Carole K. Hayakawa, Brian Y. Hill, Joon S. You, Frédéric Bevilacqua, Jerome Spanier, and Vasan Venugopalan
Appl. Opt. 43(24) 4677-4684 (2004)

Information content of point radiance measurements in turbid media: implications for interstitial optical property quantification

Lee C. L. Chin, William M. Whelan, and I. Alex Vitkin
Appl. Opt. 45(9) 2101-2114 (2006)

References

View by:
Article Order
|
Year
|
Author
|
Publication

W. M. Star, “Light dosimetry in vivo,” Phys. Med. Biol. 42(5), 763–787 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Durduran, R. Choe, W. B. Baker, and A. G. Yodh, “Diffuse optics for tissue monitoring and tomography,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(7), 076701 (2010).
[Crossref]
M. S. Patterson, B. C. Wilson, and D. R. Wyman, “The propagation of optical radiation in tissue II. Optical properties of tissues and resulting fluence distributions,” Lasers Med. Sci. 6(4), 379–390 (1991).
[Crossref]
S. R. H. Davidson, R. A. Weersink, M. A. Haider, M. R. Gertner, A. Bogaards, D. Giewercer, A. Scherz, M. D. Sherar, M. Elhilali, J. L. Chin, J. Trachtenberg, and B. C. Wilson, “Treatment planning and dose analysis for interstitial photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer,” Phys. Med. Biol. 54(8), 2293–2313 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. L. Pantelides, C. Whitehurst, J. V. Moore, T. A. King, and N. J. Blacklock, “Photodynamic therapy for localised prostatic cancer: light penetration in the human prostate gland,” J. Urol. 143(2), 398–401 (1990).
[PubMed]
C. M. Moore, C. A. Mosse, C. Allen, H. Payne, M. Emberton, and S. G. Bown, “Light penetration in the human prostate: a whole prostate clinical study at 763 nm,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(1), 015003 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
D. T. Delpy and M. Cope, ““Quantification in tissue near-infrared spectroscopy,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 352(1354), 649–659 (1997).
[Crossref]
A. J. Welch and M. J. C. van Gemert, eds., Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue, 2nd ed. (Springer, 2011).
L. H. V. Wang and H. Wu, Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging (Wiley, 2007).
F. Martelli, S. del Bianco, A. Ismaelli, and G. Zaccanti, Light Propagation through Biological Tissue and Other Diffusive Media: Theory, Solutions and software (SPIE, 2010).
F. Martelli, M. Bassani, L. Alianelli, L. Zangheri, and G. Zaccanti, “Accuracy of the diffusion equation to describe photon migration through an infinite medium: numerical and experimental investigation,” Phys. Med. Biol. 45(5), 1359–1373 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. C. Wilson and S. L. Jacques, “Optical reflectance and transmittance of tissues - principles and applications,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(12), 2186–2199 (1990).
[Crossref]
L. Reynolds, C. Johnson, and A. Ishimaru, “Diffuse reflectance from a finite blood medium: applications to the modeling of fiber optic catheters,” Appl. Opt. 15(9), 2059–2067 (1976).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. A. J. Groenhuis, H. A. Ferwerda, and J. J. Ten Bosch, “Scattering and absorption of turbid materials determined from reflection measurements. 1: theory,” Appl. Opt. 22(16), 2456–2462 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. A. J. Groenhuis, J. J. Ten Bosch, and H. A. Ferwerda, “Scattering and absorption of turbid materials determined from reflection measurements. 2: measuring method and calibration,” Appl. Opt. 22(16), 2463–2467 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. J. Farrell, M. S. Patterson, and B. Wilson, “A diffusion theory model of spatially resolved, steady-state diffuse reflectance for the noninvasive determination of tissue optical properties in vivo,” Med. Phys. 19(4), 879–888 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. Bays, G. Wagnières, D. Robert, D. Braichotte, J. F. Savary, P. Monnier, and H. van den Bergh, “Clinical determination of tissue optical properties by endoscopic spatially resolved reflectometry,” Appl. Opt. 35(10), 1756–1766 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. R. Mourant, I. J. Bigio, D. A. Jack, T. M. Johnson, and H. D. Miller, “Measuring absorption coefficients in small volumes of highly scattering media: source-detector separations for which path lengths do not depend on scattering properties,” Appl. Opt. 36(22), 5655–5661 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. M. P. Doornbos, R. Lang, M. C. Aalders, F. W. Cross, and H. J. Sterenborg, “The determination of in vivo human tissue optical properties and absolute chromophore concentrations using spatially resolved steady-state diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,” Phys. Med. Biol. 44(4), 967–981 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
W. Ko, Y. Kwak, and S. Kim, “Measurement of optical coefficients of tissue-like solutions using a combination method of infinite and semi-infinite geometries with continuous near infrared light,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(9A), 7158–7162 (2006).
[Crossref]
P. R. Bargo, S. A. Prahl, T. T. Goodell, R. A. Sleven, G. Koval, G. Blair, and S. L. Jacques, “In vivo determination of optical properties of normal and tumor tissue with white light reflectance and an empirical light transport model during endoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(3), 034018 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
G. Zaccanti, S. Del Bianco, and F. Martelli, “Measurements of optical properties of high-density media,” Appl. Opt. 42(19), 4023–4030 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. Johansson, J. Axelsson, S. Andersson-Engels, and J. Swartling, “Realtime light dosimetry software tools for interstitial photodynamic therapy of the human prostate,” Med. Phys. 34(11), 4309–4321 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
H. J. van Staveren, C. J. M. Moes, J. van Marie, S. A. Prahl, and M. J. C. van Gemert, “Light scattering in Intralipid-10% in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm,” Appl. Opt. 30(31), 4507–4514 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. C. Wilson, M. S. Patterson, and D. M. Burns, “Effect of photosensitizer concentration in tissue on the penetration depth of photoactivating light,” Lasers Med. Sci. 1(4), 235–244 (1986).
[Crossref]
J. S. Dam, C. B. Pedersen, T. Dalgaard, P. E. Fabricius, P. Aruna, and S. Andersson-Engels, “Fiber-optic probe for noninvasive real-time determination of tissue optical properties at multiple wavelengths,” Appl. Opt. 40(7), 1155–1164 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. Dimofte, J. C. Finlay, and T. C. Zhu, “A method for determination of the absorption and scattering properties interstitially in turbid media,” Phys. Med. Biol. 50(10), 2291–2311 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. C. Zhu, J. C. Finlay, and S. M. Hahn, “Determination of the distribution of light, optical properties, drug concentration, and tissue oxygenation in-vivo in human prostate during motexafin lutetium-mediated photodynamic therapy,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 79(3), 231–241 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. C. Wilson and G. Adam, “A Monte Carlo model for the absorption and flux distributions of light in tissue,” Med. Phys. 10(6), 824–830 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Light distribution and optical coefficients in prostate tumor,” Proc. SPIE 2371, 148–152 (1995).
A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, K. Brown, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Anisotropy of radiance in tissue phantoms and Dunning R3327 rat tumors: radiance measurements with flat cleaved fiber probes,” Lasers Surg. Med. 19(4), 471–479 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
O. Barajas, A. M. Ballangrud, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, and J. Tulip, “Monte Carlo modelling of angular radiance in tissue phantoms and human prostate: PDT light dosimetry,” Phys. Med. Biol. 42(9), 1675–1687 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
D. J. Dickey, R. B. Moore, D. C. Rayner, and J. Tulip, “Light dosimetry using the P3 approximation,” Phys. Med. Biol. 46(9), 2359–2370 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Xu, C. P. Zhang, X. Y. Wang, L. S. Zhang, and J. G. Tian, “Measurement and analysis of light distribution in intralipid-10% at 650 nm,” Appl. Opt. 42(28), 5777–5784 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Xu, C. P. Zhang, G. Y. Chen, J. G. Tian, G. Y. Zhang, and C. M. Zhao, “Theoretical and experimental study of the intensity distribution in biological tissues,” Chin. Phys. 14(9), 1813–1820 (2005).
[Crossref]
L. C. L. Chin, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Information content of point radiance measurements in turbid media: implications for interstitial optical property quantification,” Appl. Opt. 45(9), 2101–2114 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
L. C. L. Chin, A. E. Worthington, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Determination of the optical properties of turbid media using relative interstitial radiance measurements: Monte Carlo study, experimental validation, and sensitivity analysis,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(6), 064027 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
L. C. L. Chin, B. Lloyd, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Interstitial point radiance spectroscopy of turbid media,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 102025 (2009).
[Crossref]
S. Grabtchak, T. J. Palmer, and W. M. Whelan, “Detection of localized inclusions of gold nanoparticles in Intralipid-1% by point-radiance spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(7), 077003 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. Grabtchak, T. J. Palmer, and W. Whelan, “Radiance spectroscopy tool box for characterizing Au nanoparticles in tissue mimicking phantoms as applied to prostate,” J. Cancer Sci. Ther. S1, 8 (2011).
S. Grabtchak, T. J. Palmer, F. Foschum, A. Liemert, A. Kienle, and W. M. Whelan, “Experimental spectro-angular mapping of light distribution in turbid media,” J. Biomed. Opt. 17(6), 067007 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. Fishkin, E. Gratton, M. J. Vandeven, and W. W. Mantulin, “Diffusion of intensity modulated near-IR light in turbid media,” Proc. SPIE 1431, 122–135 (1991).
[Crossref]
M. S. Patterson, J. D. Moulton, B. C. Wilson, K. W. Berndt, and J. R. Lakowicz, “Frequency-domain reflectance for the determination of the scattering and absorption properties of tissue,” Appl. Opt. 30(31), 4474–4476 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. M. Schmitt, A. Knüttel, and J. R. Knutson, “Interference of diffusive light waves,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 9(10), 1832–1843 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. J. Tromberg, L. O. Svaasand, T. T. Tsay, and R. C. Haskell, “Properties of photon density waves in multiple-scattering media,” Appl. Opt. 32(4), 607–616 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. Chance, M. Cope, E. Gratton, N. Ramanujam, and B. Tromberg, “Phase measurement of light absorption and scatter in human tissue,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69(10), 3457–3481 (1998).
[Crossref]
S. Fantini, M. A. Franceschinifantini, J. S. Maier, S. A. Walker, B. Barbieri, and E. Gratton, “Frequency-domain mutlichannel optical detector for noninvasive tissue spectroscopy and oximetry,” Opt. Eng. 34(1), 32–42 (1995).
[Crossref]
S. J. Madsen, E. R. Anderson, R. C. Haskell, and B. J. Tromberg, “Portable, high-bandwidth frequency-domain photon migration instrument for tissue spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 19(23), 1934–1936 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. S. Patterson, B. Chance, and B. C. Wilson, “Time resolved reflectance and transmittance for the non-invasive measurement of tissue optical properties,” Appl. Opt. 28(12), 2331–2336 (1989).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. L. Jacques, “Time resolved propagation of ultrashort laser pulses within turbid tissues,” Appl. Opt. 28(12), 2223–2229 (1989).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. Andersson-Engels, R. Berg, S. Svanberg, and O. Jarlman, “Time-resolved transillumination for medical diagnostics,” Opt. Lett. 15(21), 1179–1181 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Svensson, S. Andersson-Engels, M. Einarsdóttír, and K. Svanberg, “In vivo optical characterization of human prostate tissue using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(1), 014022 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Svensson, E. Alerstam, M. Einarsdóttír, K. Svanberg, and S. Andersson-Engels, “Towards accurate in vivo spectroscopy of the human prostate,” J Biophotonics 1(3), 200–203 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. Liemert and A. Kienle, “Analytical Green’s function of the radiative transfer radiance for the infinite medium,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 83(3), 036605 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (1)

S. Grabtchak, T. J. Palmer, F. Foschum, A. Liemert, A. Kienle, and W. M. Whelan, “Experimental spectro-angular mapping of light distribution in turbid media,” J. Biomed. Opt. 17(6), 067007 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (4)

S. Grabtchak, T. J. Palmer, and W. M. Whelan, “Detection of localized inclusions of gold nanoparticles in Intralipid-1% by point-radiance spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(7), 077003 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Grabtchak, T. J. Palmer, and W. Whelan, “Radiance spectroscopy tool box for characterizing Au nanoparticles in tissue mimicking phantoms as applied to prostate,” J. Cancer Sci. Ther. S1, 8 (2011).

C. M. Moore, C. A. Mosse, C. Allen, H. Payne, M. Emberton, and S. G. Bown, “Light penetration in the human prostate: a whole prostate clinical study at 763 nm,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(1), 015003 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Liemert and A. Kienle, “Analytical Green’s function of the radiative transfer radiance for the infinite medium,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 83(3), 036605 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (1)

T. Durduran, R. Choe, W. B. Baker, and A. G. Yodh, “Diffuse optics for tissue monitoring and tomography,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(7), 076701 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (2)

S. R. H. Davidson, R. A. Weersink, M. A. Haider, M. R. Gertner, A. Bogaards, D. Giewercer, A. Scherz, M. D. Sherar, M. Elhilali, J. L. Chin, J. Trachtenberg, and B. C. Wilson, “Treatment planning and dose analysis for interstitial photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer,” Phys. Med. Biol. 54(8), 2293–2313 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. C. L. Chin, B. Lloyd, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Interstitial point radiance spectroscopy of turbid media,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 102025 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (1)

T. Svensson, E. Alerstam, M. Einarsdóttír, K. Svanberg, and S. Andersson-Engels, “Towards accurate in vivo spectroscopy of the human prostate,” J Biophotonics 1(3), 200–203 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (3)

T. Svensson, S. Andersson-Engels, M. Einarsdóttír, and K. Svanberg, “In vivo optical characterization of human prostate tissue using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(1), 014022 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. C. L. Chin, A. E. Worthington, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Determination of the optical properties of turbid media using relative interstitial radiance measurements: Monte Carlo study, experimental validation, and sensitivity analysis,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(6), 064027 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Johansson, J. Axelsson, S. Andersson-Engels, and J. Swartling, “Realtime light dosimetry software tools for interstitial photodynamic therapy of the human prostate,” Med. Phys. 34(11), 4309–4321 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (2)

W. Ko, Y. Kwak, and S. Kim, “Measurement of optical coefficients of tissue-like solutions using a combination method of infinite and semi-infinite geometries with continuous near infrared light,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(9A), 7158–7162 (2006).
[Crossref]

L. C. L. Chin, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Information content of point radiance measurements in turbid media: implications for interstitial optical property quantification,” Appl. Opt. 45(9), 2101–2114 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2005 (4)

P. R. Bargo, S. A. Prahl, T. T. Goodell, R. A. Sleven, G. Koval, G. Blair, and S. L. Jacques, “In vivo determination of optical properties of normal and tumor tissue with white light reflectance and an empirical light transport model during endoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(3), 034018 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Dimofte, J. C. Finlay, and T. C. Zhu, “A method for determination of the absorption and scattering properties interstitially in turbid media,” Phys. Med. Biol. 50(10), 2291–2311 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. C. Zhu, J. C. Finlay, and S. M. Hahn, “Determination of the distribution of light, optical properties, drug concentration, and tissue oxygenation in-vivo in human prostate during motexafin lutetium-mediated photodynamic therapy,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 79(3), 231–241 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Xu, C. P. Zhang, G. Y. Chen, J. G. Tian, G. Y. Zhang, and C. M. Zhao, “Theoretical and experimental study of the intensity distribution in biological tissues,” Chin. Phys. 14(9), 1813–1820 (2005).
[Crossref]

2003 (2)

G. Zaccanti, S. Del Bianco, and F. Martelli, “Measurements of optical properties of high-density media,” Appl. Opt. 42(19), 4023–4030 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Xu, C. P. Zhang, X. Y. Wang, L. S. Zhang, and J. G. Tian, “Measurement and analysis of light distribution in intralipid-10% at 650 nm,” Appl. Opt. 42(28), 5777–5784 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (2)

J. S. Dam, C. B. Pedersen, T. Dalgaard, P. E. Fabricius, P. Aruna, and S. Andersson-Engels, “Fiber-optic probe for noninvasive real-time determination of tissue optical properties at multiple wavelengths,” Appl. Opt. 40(7), 1155–1164 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. J. Dickey, R. B. Moore, D. C. Rayner, and J. Tulip, “Light dosimetry using the P3 approximation,” Phys. Med. Biol. 46(9), 2359–2370 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (1)

F. Martelli, M. Bassani, L. Alianelli, L. Zangheri, and G. Zaccanti, “Accuracy of the diffusion equation to describe photon migration through an infinite medium: numerical and experimental investigation,” Phys. Med. Biol. 45(5), 1359–1373 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1999 (1)

R. M. P. Doornbos, R. Lang, M. C. Aalders, F. W. Cross, and H. J. Sterenborg, “The determination of in vivo human tissue optical properties and absolute chromophore concentrations using spatially resolved steady-state diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,” Phys. Med. Biol. 44(4), 967–981 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1998 (1)

B. Chance, M. Cope, E. Gratton, N. Ramanujam, and B. Tromberg, “Phase measurement of light absorption and scatter in human tissue,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69(10), 3457–3481 (1998).
[Crossref]

1997 (4)

O. Barajas, A. M. Ballangrud, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, and J. Tulip, “Monte Carlo modelling of angular radiance in tissue phantoms and human prostate: PDT light dosimetry,” Phys. Med. Biol. 42(9), 1675–1687 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. M. Star, “Light dosimetry in vivo,” Phys. Med. Biol. 42(5), 763–787 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. T. Delpy and M. Cope, ““Quantification in tissue near-infrared spectroscopy,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 352(1354), 649–659 (1997).
[Crossref]

J. R. Mourant, I. J. Bigio, D. A. Jack, T. M. Johnson, and H. D. Miller, “Measuring absorption coefficients in small volumes of highly scattering media: source-detector separations for which path lengths do not depend on scattering properties,” Appl. Opt. 36(22), 5655–5661 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1996 (2)

R. Bays, G. Wagnières, D. Robert, D. Braichotte, J. F. Savary, P. Monnier, and H. van den Bergh, “Clinical determination of tissue optical properties by endoscopic spatially resolved reflectometry,” Appl. Opt. 35(10), 1756–1766 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, K. Brown, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Anisotropy of radiance in tissue phantoms and Dunning R3327 rat tumors: radiance measurements with flat cleaved fiber probes,” Lasers Surg. Med. 19(4), 471–479 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1995 (2)

A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Light distribution and optical coefficients in prostate tumor,” Proc. SPIE 2371, 148–152 (1995).

S. Fantini, M. A. Franceschinifantini, J. S. Maier, S. A. Walker, B. Barbieri, and E. Gratton, “Frequency-domain mutlichannel optical detector for noninvasive tissue spectroscopy and oximetry,” Opt. Eng. 34(1), 32–42 (1995).
[Crossref]

T. J. Farrell, M. S. Patterson, and B. Wilson, “A diffusion theory model of spatially resolved, steady-state diffuse reflectance for the noninvasive determination of tissue optical properties in vivo,” Med. Phys. 19(4), 879–888 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1991 (4)

M. S. Patterson, B. C. Wilson, and D. R. Wyman, “The propagation of optical radiation in tissue II. Optical properties of tissues and resulting fluence distributions,” Lasers Med. Sci. 6(4), 379–390 (1991).
[Crossref]

J. Fishkin, E. Gratton, M. J. Vandeven, and W. W. Mantulin, “Diffusion of intensity modulated near-IR light in turbid media,” Proc. SPIE 1431, 122–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

H. J. van Staveren, C. J. M. Moes, J. van Marie, S. A. Prahl, and M. J. C. van Gemert, “Light scattering in Intralipid-10% in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm,” Appl. Opt. 30(31), 4507–4514 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. S. Patterson, J. D. Moulton, B. C. Wilson, K. W. Berndt, and J. R. Lakowicz, “Frequency-domain reflectance for the determination of the scattering and absorption properties of tissue,” Appl. Opt. 30(31), 4474–4476 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1990 (3)

S. Andersson-Engels, R. Berg, S. Svanberg, and O. Jarlman, “Time-resolved transillumination for medical diagnostics,” Opt. Lett. 15(21), 1179–1181 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. L. Pantelides, C. Whitehurst, J. V. Moore, T. A. King, and N. J. Blacklock, “Photodynamic therapy for localised prostatic cancer: light penetration in the human prostate gland,” J. Urol. 143(2), 398–401 (1990).
[PubMed]

B. C. Wilson and S. L. Jacques, “Optical reflectance and transmittance of tissues - principles and applications,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(12), 2186–2199 (1990).
[Crossref]

1989 (2)

S. L. Jacques, “Time resolved propagation of ultrashort laser pulses within turbid tissues,” Appl. Opt. 28(12), 2223–2229 (1989).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. S. Patterson, B. Chance, and B. C. Wilson, “Time resolved reflectance and transmittance for the non-invasive measurement of tissue optical properties,” Appl. Opt. 28(12), 2331–2336 (1989).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1986 (1)

B. C. Wilson, M. S. Patterson, and D. M. Burns, “Effect of photosensitizer concentration in tissue on the penetration depth of photoactivating light,” Lasers Med. Sci. 1(4), 235–244 (1986).
[Crossref]

1983 (3)

B. C. Wilson and G. Adam, “A Monte Carlo model for the absorption and flux distributions of light in tissue,” Med. Phys. 10(6), 824–830 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. A. J. Groenhuis, H. A. Ferwerda, and J. J. Ten Bosch, “Scattering and absorption of turbid materials determined from reflection measurements. 1: theory,” Appl. Opt. 22(16), 2456–2462 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. A. J. Groenhuis, J. J. Ten Bosch, and H. A. Ferwerda, “Scattering and absorption of turbid materials determined from reflection measurements. 2: measuring method and calibration,” Appl. Opt. 22(16), 2463–2467 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1976 (1)

L. Reynolds, C. Johnson, and A. Ishimaru, “Diffuse reflectance from a finite blood medium: applications to the modeling of fiber optic catheters,” Appl. Opt. 15(9), 2059–2067 (1976).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Aalders, M. C.

Adam, G.

B. C. Wilson and G. Adam, “A Monte Carlo model for the absorption and flux distributions of light in tissue,” Med. Phys. 10(6), 824–830 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Alerstam, E.

Alianelli, L.

Allen, C.

Anderson, E. R.

Andersson-Engels, S.

S. Andersson-Engels, R. Berg, S. Svanberg, and O. Jarlman, “Time-resolved transillumination for medical diagnostics,” Opt. Lett. 15(21), 1179–1181 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Aruna, P.

Axelsson, J.

Baker, W. B.

T. Durduran, R. Choe, W. B. Baker, and A. G. Yodh, “Diffuse optics for tissue monitoring and tomography,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(7), 076701 (2010).
[Crossref]

Ballangrud, A. M.

A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Light distribution and optical coefficients in prostate tumor,” Proc. SPIE 2371, 148–152 (1995).

Barajas, O.

Barbieri, B.

Bargo, P. R.

Bassani, M.

Bays, R.

Berg, R.

S. Andersson-Engels, R. Berg, S. Svanberg, and O. Jarlman, “Time-resolved transillumination for medical diagnostics,” Opt. Lett. 15(21), 1179–1181 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Berndt, K. W.

Bigio, I. J.

Blacklock, N. J.

Blair, G.

Bogaards, A.

Bown, S. G.

Braichotte, D.

Brown, K.

Burns, D. M.

Chance, B.

B. Chance, M. Cope, E. Gratton, N. Ramanujam, and B. Tromberg, “Phase measurement of light absorption and scatter in human tissue,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69(10), 3457–3481 (1998).
[Crossref]

Chen, G. Y.

Chin, J. L.

Chin, L. C. L.

L. C. L. Chin, B. Lloyd, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Interstitial point radiance spectroscopy of turbid media,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 102025 (2009).
[Crossref]

Choe, R.

T. Durduran, R. Choe, W. B. Baker, and A. G. Yodh, “Diffuse optics for tissue monitoring and tomography,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(7), 076701 (2010).
[Crossref]

Cope, M.

B. Chance, M. Cope, E. Gratton, N. Ramanujam, and B. Tromberg, “Phase measurement of light absorption and scatter in human tissue,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69(10), 3457–3481 (1998).
[Crossref]

D. T. Delpy and M. Cope, ““Quantification in tissue near-infrared spectroscopy,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 352(1354), 649–659 (1997).
[Crossref]

Cross, F. W.

Dalgaard, T.

Dam, J. S.

Davidson, S. R. H.

Del Bianco, S.

G. Zaccanti, S. Del Bianco, and F. Martelli, “Measurements of optical properties of high-density media,” Appl. Opt. 42(19), 4023–4030 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Delpy, D. T.

D. T. Delpy and M. Cope, ““Quantification in tissue near-infrared spectroscopy,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 352(1354), 649–659 (1997).
[Crossref]

Dickey, D. J.

D. J. Dickey, R. B. Moore, D. C. Rayner, and J. Tulip, “Light dosimetry using the P3 approximation,” Phys. Med. Biol. 46(9), 2359–2370 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dimofte, A.

Doornbos, R. M. P.

Durduran, T.

T. Durduran, R. Choe, W. B. Baker, and A. G. Yodh, “Diffuse optics for tissue monitoring and tomography,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(7), 076701 (2010).
[Crossref]

Einarsdóttír, M.

Elhilali, M.

Emberton, M.

Fabricius, P. E.

Fantini, S.

Farrell, T. J.

Ferwerda, H. A.

Finlay, J. C.

Fishkin, J.

J. Fishkin, E. Gratton, M. J. Vandeven, and W. W. Mantulin, “Diffusion of intensity modulated near-IR light in turbid media,” Proc. SPIE 1431, 122–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

Foschum, F.

Franceschinifantini, M. A.

Gertner, M. R.

Giewercer, D.

Goodell, T. T.

Grabtchak, S.

Gratton, E.

B. Chance, M. Cope, E. Gratton, N. Ramanujam, and B. Tromberg, “Phase measurement of light absorption and scatter in human tissue,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69(10), 3457–3481 (1998).
[Crossref]

J. Fishkin, E. Gratton, M. J. Vandeven, and W. W. Mantulin, “Diffusion of intensity modulated near-IR light in turbid media,” Proc. SPIE 1431, 122–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

Groenhuis, R. A. J.

Hahn, S. M.

Haider, M. A.

Haskell, R. C.

B. J. Tromberg, L. O. Svaasand, T. T. Tsay, and R. C. Haskell, “Properties of photon density waves in multiple-scattering media,” Appl. Opt. 32(4), 607–616 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ishimaru, A.

Jack, D. A.

Jacques, S. L.

B. C. Wilson and S. L. Jacques, “Optical reflectance and transmittance of tissues - principles and applications,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(12), 2186–2199 (1990).
[Crossref]

S. L. Jacques, “Time resolved propagation of ultrashort laser pulses within turbid tissues,” Appl. Opt. 28(12), 2223–2229 (1989).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jarlman, O.

S. Andersson-Engels, R. Berg, S. Svanberg, and O. Jarlman, “Time-resolved transillumination for medical diagnostics,” Opt. Lett. 15(21), 1179–1181 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Johansson, A.

Johnson, C.

Johnson, T. M.

Kienle, A.

Kim, S.

King, T. A.

Knutson, J. R.

J. M. Schmitt, A. Knüttel, and J. R. Knutson, “Interference of diffusive light waves,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 9(10), 1832–1843 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Knüttel, A.

J. M. Schmitt, A. Knüttel, and J. R. Knutson, “Interference of diffusive light waves,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 9(10), 1832–1843 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ko, W.

Koval, G.

Kwak, Y.

Lakowicz, J. R.

Lang, R.

Liemert, A.

Lloyd, B.

L. C. L. Chin, B. Lloyd, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Interstitial point radiance spectroscopy of turbid media,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 102025 (2009).
[Crossref]

Madsen, S. J.

Maier, J. S.

Mantulin, W. W.

J. Fishkin, E. Gratton, M. J. Vandeven, and W. W. Mantulin, “Diffusion of intensity modulated near-IR light in turbid media,” Proc. SPIE 1431, 122–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

Martelli, F.

G. Zaccanti, S. Del Bianco, and F. Martelli, “Measurements of optical properties of high-density media,” Appl. Opt. 42(19), 4023–4030 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

McPhee, M. S.

A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Light distribution and optical coefficients in prostate tumor,” Proc. SPIE 2371, 148–152 (1995).

Miller, G. G.

A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Light distribution and optical coefficients in prostate tumor,” Proc. SPIE 2371, 148–152 (1995).

Miller, H. D.

Moes, C. J. M.

Monnier, P.

Moore, C. M.

Moore, J. V.

Moore, R. B.

D. J. Dickey, R. B. Moore, D. C. Rayner, and J. Tulip, “Light dosimetry using the P3 approximation,” Phys. Med. Biol. 46(9), 2359–2370 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Light distribution and optical coefficients in prostate tumor,” Proc. SPIE 2371, 148–152 (1995).

Mosse, C. A.

Moulton, J. D.

Mourant, J. R.

Palmer, T. J.

Pantelides, M. L.

Patterson, M. S.

Payne, H.

Pedersen, C. B.

Prahl, S. A.

Ramanujam, N.

B. Chance, M. Cope, E. Gratton, N. Ramanujam, and B. Tromberg, “Phase measurement of light absorption and scatter in human tissue,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69(10), 3457–3481 (1998).
[Crossref]

Rayner, D. C.

D. J. Dickey, R. B. Moore, D. C. Rayner, and J. Tulip, “Light dosimetry using the P3 approximation,” Phys. Med. Biol. 46(9), 2359–2370 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Reynolds, L.

Robert, D.

Savary, J. F.

Scherz, A.

Schmitt, J. M.

J. M. Schmitt, A. Knüttel, and J. R. Knutson, “Interference of diffusive light waves,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 9(10), 1832–1843 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sherar, M. D.

Sleven, R. A.

Star, W. M.

W. M. Star, “Light dosimetry in vivo,” Phys. Med. Biol. 42(5), 763–787 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sterenborg, H. J.

Svaasand, L. O.

B. J. Tromberg, L. O. Svaasand, T. T. Tsay, and R. C. Haskell, “Properties of photon density waves in multiple-scattering media,” Appl. Opt. 32(4), 607–616 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Svanberg, K.

Svanberg, S.

S. Andersson-Engels, R. Berg, S. Svanberg, and O. Jarlman, “Time-resolved transillumination for medical diagnostics,” Opt. Lett. 15(21), 1179–1181 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Svensson, T.

Swartling, J.

Ten Bosch, J. J.

Tian, J. G.

Trachtenberg, J.

Tromberg, B.

B. Chance, M. Cope, E. Gratton, N. Ramanujam, and B. Tromberg, “Phase measurement of light absorption and scatter in human tissue,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69(10), 3457–3481 (1998).
[Crossref]

Tromberg, B. J.

B. J. Tromberg, L. O. Svaasand, T. T. Tsay, and R. C. Haskell, “Properties of photon density waves in multiple-scattering media,” Appl. Opt. 32(4), 607–616 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tsay, T. T.

B. J. Tromberg, L. O. Svaasand, T. T. Tsay, and R. C. Haskell, “Properties of photon density waves in multiple-scattering media,” Appl. Opt. 32(4), 607–616 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tulip, J.

D. J. Dickey, R. B. Moore, D. C. Rayner, and J. Tulip, “Light dosimetry using the P3 approximation,” Phys. Med. Biol. 46(9), 2359–2370 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Light distribution and optical coefficients in prostate tumor,” Proc. SPIE 2371, 148–152 (1995).

van den Bergh, H.

van Gemert, M. J. C.

van Marie, J.

van Staveren, H. J.

Vandeven, M. J.

J. Fishkin, E. Gratton, M. J. Vandeven, and W. W. Mantulin, “Diffusion of intensity modulated near-IR light in turbid media,” Proc. SPIE 1431, 122–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

Vitkin, I. A.

L. C. L. Chin, B. Lloyd, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Interstitial point radiance spectroscopy of turbid media,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 102025 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wagnières, G.

Walker, S. A.

Wang, X. Y.

Weersink, R. A.

Whelan, W.

Whelan, W. M.

L. C. L. Chin, B. Lloyd, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Interstitial point radiance spectroscopy of turbid media,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 102025 (2009).
[Crossref]

Whitehurst, C.

Wilson, B.

Wilson, B. C.

B. C. Wilson and S. L. Jacques, “Optical reflectance and transmittance of tissues - principles and applications,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(12), 2186–2199 (1990).
[Crossref]

B. C. Wilson and G. Adam, “A Monte Carlo model for the absorption and flux distributions of light in tissue,” Med. Phys. 10(6), 824–830 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wilson, P. J.

A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Light distribution and optical coefficients in prostate tumor,” Proc. SPIE 2371, 148–152 (1995).

Worthington, A. E.

Wyman, D. R.

Xu, T.

Yodh, A. G.

T. Durduran, R. Choe, W. B. Baker, and A. G. Yodh, “Diffuse optics for tissue monitoring and tomography,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(7), 076701 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zaccanti, G.

G. Zaccanti, S. Del Bianco, and F. Martelli, “Measurements of optical properties of high-density media,” Appl. Opt. 42(19), 4023–4030 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zangheri, L.

Zhang, C. P.

Zhang, G. Y.

Zhang, L. S.

Zhao, C. M.

Zhu, T. C.

Appl. Opt. (14)

G. Zaccanti, S. Del Bianco, and F. Martelli, “Measurements of optical properties of high-density media,” Appl. Opt. 42(19), 4023–4030 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. J. Tromberg, L. O. Svaasand, T. T. Tsay, and R. C. Haskell, “Properties of photon density waves in multiple-scattering media,” Appl. Opt. 32(4), 607–616 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. L. Jacques, “Time resolved propagation of ultrashort laser pulses within turbid tissues,” Appl. Opt. 28(12), 2223–2229 (1989).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chin. Phys. (1)

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

B. C. Wilson and S. L. Jacques, “Optical reflectance and transmittance of tissues - principles and applications,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(12), 2186–2199 (1990).
[Crossref]

J Biophotonics (1)

J. Appl. Phys. (1)

L. C. L. Chin, B. Lloyd, W. M. Whelan, and I. A. Vitkin, “Interstitial point radiance spectroscopy of turbid media,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 102025 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. Biomed. Opt. (6)

J. Cancer Sci. Ther. (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

J. M. Schmitt, A. Knüttel, and J. R. Knutson, “Interference of diffusive light waves,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 9(10), 1832–1843 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Photochem. Photobiol. B (1)

J. Urol. (1)

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1)

Lasers Med. Sci. (2)

Lasers Surg. Med. (1)

Med. Phys. (3)

B. C. Wilson and G. Adam, “A Monte Carlo model for the absorption and flux distributions of light in tissue,” Med. Phys. 10(6), 824–830 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Eng. (1)

Opt. Lett. (2)

S. Andersson-Engels, R. Berg, S. Svanberg, and O. Jarlman, “Time-resolved transillumination for medical diagnostics,” Opt. Lett. 15(21), 1179–1181 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B (1)

D. T. Delpy and M. Cope, ““Quantification in tissue near-infrared spectroscopy,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 352(1354), 649–659 (1997).
[Crossref]

Phys. Med. Biol. (7)

W. M. Star, “Light dosimetry in vivo,” Phys. Med. Biol. 42(5), 763–787 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. J. Dickey, R. B. Moore, D. C. Rayner, and J. Tulip, “Light dosimetry using the P3 approximation,” Phys. Med. Biol. 46(9), 2359–2370 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. (1)

Proc. SPIE (2)

J. Fishkin, E. Gratton, M. J. Vandeven, and W. W. Mantulin, “Diffusion of intensity modulated near-IR light in turbid media,” Proc. SPIE 1431, 122–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

A. M. Ballangrud, P. J. Wilson, G. G. Miller, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, and J. Tulip, “Light distribution and optical coefficients in prostate tumor,” Proc. SPIE 2371, 148–152 (1995).

Rep. Prog. Phys. (1)

T. Durduran, R. Choe, W. B. Baker, and A. G. Yodh, “Diffuse optics for tissue monitoring and tomography,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(7), 076701 (2010).
[Crossref]

Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1)

B. Chance, M. Cope, E. Gratton, N. Ramanujam, and B. Tromberg, “Phase measurement of light absorption and scatter in human tissue,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69(10), 3457–3481 (1998).
[Crossref]

Other (3)

A. J. Welch and M. J. C. van Gemert, eds., Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue, 2nd ed. (Springer, 2011).

L. H. V. Wang and H. Wu, Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging (Wiley, 2007).

F. Martelli, S. del Bianco, A. Ismaelli, and G. Zaccanti, Light Propagation through Biological Tissue and Other Diffusive Media: Theory, Solutions and software (SPIE, 2010).

Cited By

OSA participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from OSA journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.

Click here to see a list of articles that cite this paper

Fig. 1

Schematic representation of responses of the turbid media to external stimuli used in various measurement approaches.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2

A schematic of the experimental setup for radiance measurements.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3

A comparison of optical parameters extracted from simulated data (lines) with actual parameters obtained from basic characterization experiments (symbols): a) extracted μ_eff(λ) based on Eq. (3) for different pairs of source–detector separations, b) extracted D(λ) based on Eq. (5) for different source–detector separations.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 4

A comparison of optical parameters extracted from experimental radiance data (lines) with actual parameters obtained from basic characterization experiments (symbols): (a) extracted μ_eff(λ) based on Eq. (3) for different pairs of source–detector separations, (b) extracted D(λ) based on Eq. (5) for different source–detector separations.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 5

A comparison of (a) $μ_{a} (λ)$ and (b) ${μ^{'}}_{s} (λ)$ expressed from non-corrected $μ_{e f f} (λ)$ and $D (λ)$ obtained from experimental radiance data (lines) with those expressed from actual values of $μ_{e f f} (λ)$ and $D (λ)$ obtained from basic characterization measurements (symbols).

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 6

Normalized to maximum at 0° angular radiance from analytical solution of RTE (solid red line) and from diffusion approximation (dashed blue line) for 850 nm and 10-mm source–detector separation.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Equations (5)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

I (r, θ, λ) = \frac{P_{0}}{{(4 π)}^{2} \cdot D (λ)} \cdot [1 + 3 \cdot (\frac{D (λ)}{r} + μ_{e f f} (λ) \cdot D (λ)) \cdot \cos θ] \cdot \frac{\exp (- μ_{e f f} (λ) \cdot r)}{r}

I (r, 90 °, λ) / I (r_{0}, 90 °, λ) = \exp (- μ_{e f f} (λ) \cdot r) \cdot \exp (μ_{e f f} (λ) \cdot r_{0}) \cdot r_{0} / r,

μ_{e f f} (λ) = \ln (I (r, 90 °, λ) \cdot r / I (r_{0}, 90 °, λ) \cdot r_{0}) / (r_{0} - r) .

\frac{I (r, 180 °, λ)}{I (r, 0 °, λ)} = \frac{- 3 \cdot D (λ) + r \cdot (1 - 3 \cdot μ_{e f f} (λ) \cdot D (λ))}{3 \cdot D (λ) + r \cdot (1 + 3 \cdot μ_{e f f} (λ) \cdot D (λ))} .

D (λ) = \frac{1 - I (r, 180 °, λ) / I (r, 0 °, λ)}{3 (μ_{e f f} (λ) + 1 / r) (1 + I (r, 180 °, λ) / I (r, 0 °, λ))} .

Abstract

References

2012 (1)

2011 (4)

2010 (1)

2009 (2)

2008 (1)

2007 (3)

2006 (2)

2005 (4)

2003 (2)

2001 (2)

2000 (1)

1999 (1)

1998 (1)

1997 (4)

1996 (2)

1995 (2)

1994 (1)

1993 (1)

1992 (2)

1991 (4)

1990 (3)

1989 (2)

1986 (1)

1983 (3)

1976 (1)

Aalders, M. C.

Adam, G.

Alerstam, E.

Alianelli, L.

Allen, C.

Anderson, E. R.

Andersson-Engels, S.

Aruna, P.

Axelsson, J.

Baker, W. B.

Ballangrud, A. M.

Barajas, O.

Barbieri, B.

Bargo, P. R.

Bassani, M.

Bays, R.

Berg, R.

Berndt, K. W.

Bigio, I. J.

Blacklock, N. J.

Blair, G.

Bogaards, A.

Bown, S. G.

Braichotte, D.

Brown, K.

Burns, D. M.

Chance, B.

Chen, G. Y.

Chin, J. L.

Chin, L. C. L.

Choe, R.

Cope, M.

Cross, F. W.

Dalgaard, T.

Dam, J. S.

Davidson, S. R. H.

Del Bianco, S.

Delpy, D. T.

Dickey, D. J.

Dimofte, A.

Doornbos, R. M. P.

Durduran, T.

Einarsdóttír, M.

Elhilali, M.

Emberton, M.

Fabricius, P. E.

Fantini, S.

Farrell, T. J.

Ferwerda, H. A.

Finlay, J. C.

Fishkin, J.

Foschum, F.

Franceschinifantini, M. A.