Abstract

Accurate microvascular morphometric information has significant implications in several fields, including the quantification of angiogenesis in cancer research, understanding the immune response for neural prosthetics, and predicting the nature of blood flow as it relates to stroke. We report imaging of the whole mouse brain microvascular system at resolutions sufficient to perform accurate morphometry. Imaging was performed using Knife-Edge Scanning Microscopy (KESM) and is the first example of this technique that can be directly applied to clinical research. We are able to achieve ≈ 0.7μm resolution laterally with 1μm depth resolution using serial sectioning. No alignment was necessary and contrast was sufficient to allow segmentation and measurement of vessels.

© 2011 Optical Society of America

Full Article  |  PDF Article
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  1. S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. A. R. Pries, A. J. M. Cornelissen, A. A. Sloot, M. Hinkeldey, M. R. Dreher, M. Hpfner, M. W. Dewhirst, and T. W. Secomb, “Structural adaptation and heterogeneity of normal and tumor microvascular networks,” PLoS Computational Biology 5, e1000394 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. A. B. Schwartz, X. T. Cui, D. J. Weber, and D. W. Moran, “Brain-Controlled interfaces: Movement restoration with neural prosthetics,” Neuron 52, 205–220 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. P. Blinder, A. Y. Shih, C. Rafie, and D. Kleinfeld, “Topological basis for the robust distribution of blood to rodent neocortex,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 12670 –12675 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  5. B. R. Shepherd, H. Y. Chen, C. M. Smith, G. Gruionu, S. K. Williams, and J. B. Hoying, “Rapid perfusion and network remodeling in a microvascular construct after implantation,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Biology 24, 898 –904 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  6. F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, S. Lorthois, P. Puwanarajah, V. Cances-Lauwers, and H. Duvernoy, “Branching patterns for arterioles and venules of the human cerebral cortex,” Brain Research 1313, 62–78 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  7. F. Lauwers, F. Cassot, V. Lauwers-Cances, P. Puwanarajah, and H. Duvernoy, “Morphometry of the human cerebral cortex microcirculation: General characteristics and space-related profiles,” NeuroImage 39, 936–948 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  8. P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. S. Heinzer, T. Krucker, M. Stampanoni, R. Abela, E. P. Meyer, A. Schuler, P. Schneider, and R. Muller, “Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks,” NeuroImage 32, 626–636 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. T. Krucker, A. Lang, and E. P. Meyer, “New polyurethane-based material for vascular corrosion casting with improved physical and imaging characteristics,” Microscopy research and technique 69, 138–147 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. Y. Choe, D. Han, P. Huang, J. Keyser, J. Kwon, D. Mayerich, and L. Abbott, “Complete submicrometer scans of mouse brain microstructure: Neurons and vasculatures,” in “2009 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2009). Program No. 389.10. Online.
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  13. A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, C. Fouard, S. Prohaska, and V. Lauwers-Cances, “A novel Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted method for a quantitative study of microvascular networks of the human cerebral cortex,” Microcirculation 13, 1–18 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. S. Akita, N. Tamai, A. Myoui, M. Nishikawa, T. Kaito, K. Takaoka, and H. Yoshikawa, “Capillary vessel network integration by inserting a vascular pedicle enhances bone formation in Tissue-Engineered bone using interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics,” Tissue Engineering 10, 789–795 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. E. M. Renkin, S. D. Gray, and L. R. Dodd, “Filling of microcirculation in skeletal muscles during timed india ink perfusion,” American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 241, H174 –H186 (1981).
  17. L. C. Abbott and C. Sotelo, “Ultrastructural analysis of catecholaminergic innervation in weaver and normal mouse cerebellar cortices,” The Journal of Comparative Neurology 426, 316–329 (2000).
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  18. D. Mayerich, L. C. Abbott, and B. H. McCormick, “Knife-Edge scanning microscopy for imaging and reconstruction of Three-Dimensional anatomical structures of the mouse brain,” Journal of Microscopy 231, 134–143 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. K. D. Micheva and S. J. Smith, “Array tomography: A new tool for imaging the molecular architecture and ultrastructure of neural circuits,” Neuron 55, 25–36 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. M. Wiercigroch and E. Budak, “Sources of nonlinearities, chatter generation and suppression in metal cutting,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 359, 663–693 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  21. D. Mayerich, B. H. McCormick, and J. Keyser, “Noise and artifact removal in Knife-Edge scanning microscopy,” Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro pp. 556–559 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  22. X. He, E. Kischell, M. Rioult, and T. J. Holmes, “Three-Dimensional thinning algorithm that peels the outmost layer with application to neuron tracing,” Journal of Computer-Assisted Microscopy 10, 123–135 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  23. T. C. Lee, R. L. Kashyap, and C. N. Chu, “Building skeleton models via 3-D medial surface/axis thinning algorithms,” Graphical Models and Image Processing 56, 462–478 (1994).
    [Crossref]
  24. T. S. Yoo, Insight into Images: Principles and Practice for Segmentation, Registration, and Image Analysis (A K Peters/CRC Press, 2004), 1st ed.
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2010 (4)

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Blinder, A. Y. Shih, C. Rafie, and D. Kleinfeld, “Topological basis for the robust distribution of blood to rodent neocortex,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 12670 –12675 (2010).
[Crossref]

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, S. Lorthois, P. Puwanarajah, V. Cances-Lauwers, and H. Duvernoy, “Branching patterns for arterioles and venules of the human cerebral cortex,” Brain Research 1313, 62–78 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (1)

A. R. Pries, A. J. M. Cornelissen, A. A. Sloot, M. Hinkeldey, M. R. Dreher, M. Hpfner, M. W. Dewhirst, and T. W. Secomb, “Structural adaptation and heterogeneity of normal and tumor microvascular networks,” PLoS Computational Biology 5, e1000394 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (2)

F. Lauwers, F. Cassot, V. Lauwers-Cances, P. Puwanarajah, and H. Duvernoy, “Morphometry of the human cerebral cortex microcirculation: General characteristics and space-related profiles,” NeuroImage 39, 936–948 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. Mayerich, L. C. Abbott, and B. H. McCormick, “Knife-Edge scanning microscopy for imaging and reconstruction of Three-Dimensional anatomical structures of the mouse brain,” Journal of Microscopy 231, 134–143 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (1)

K. D. Micheva and S. J. Smith, “Array tomography: A new tool for imaging the molecular architecture and ultrastructure of neural circuits,” Neuron 55, 25–36 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (4)

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, C. Fouard, S. Prohaska, and V. Lauwers-Cances, “A novel Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted method for a quantitative study of microvascular networks of the human cerebral cortex,” Microcirculation 13, 1–18 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Heinzer, T. Krucker, M. Stampanoni, R. Abela, E. P. Meyer, A. Schuler, P. Schneider, and R. Muller, “Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks,” NeuroImage 32, 626–636 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Krucker, A. Lang, and E. P. Meyer, “New polyurethane-based material for vascular corrosion casting with improved physical and imaging characteristics,” Microscopy research and technique 69, 138–147 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. B. Schwartz, X. T. Cui, D. J. Weber, and D. W. Moran, “Brain-Controlled interfaces: Movement restoration with neural prosthetics,” Neuron 52, 205–220 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (2)

B. R. Shepherd, H. Y. Chen, C. M. Smith, G. Gruionu, S. K. Williams, and J. B. Hoying, “Rapid perfusion and network remodeling in a microvascular construct after implantation,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Biology 24, 898 –904 (2004).
[Crossref]

S. Akita, N. Tamai, A. Myoui, M. Nishikawa, T. Kaito, K. Takaoka, and H. Yoshikawa, “Capillary vessel network integration by inserting a vascular pedicle enhances bone formation in Tissue-Engineered bone using interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics,” Tissue Engineering 10, 789–795 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (1)

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (1)

M. Wiercigroch and E. Budak, “Sources of nonlinearities, chatter generation and suppression in metal cutting,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 359, 663–693 (2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (1)

L. C. Abbott and C. Sotelo, “Ultrastructural analysis of catecholaminergic innervation in weaver and normal mouse cerebellar cortices,” The Journal of Comparative Neurology 426, 316–329 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1998 (1)

X. He, E. Kischell, M. Rioult, and T. J. Holmes, “Three-Dimensional thinning algorithm that peels the outmost layer with application to neuron tracing,” Journal of Computer-Assisted Microscopy 10, 123–135 (1998).
[Crossref]

1994 (1)

T. C. Lee, R. L. Kashyap, and C. N. Chu, “Building skeleton models via 3-D medial surface/axis thinning algorithms,” Graphical Models and Image Processing 56, 462–478 (1994).
[Crossref]

1981 (1)

E. M. Renkin, S. D. Gray, and L. R. Dodd, “Filling of microcirculation in skeletal muscles during timed india ink perfusion,” American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 241, H174 –H186 (1981).

Abbott, L.

Y. Choe, D. Han, P. Huang, J. Keyser, J. Kwon, D. Mayerich, and L. Abbott, “Complete submicrometer scans of mouse brain microstructure: Neurons and vasculatures,” in “2009 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2009). Program No. 389.10. Online.

D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, Y. Choe, L. Abbott, and J. Keyser, “Constructing high resolution microvascular models,” in “Third Workshop on Microscopic Image Analysis with Applications in Biology,” (2008).

C. Sung, J. R. Chung, D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, D. Miller, T. Huffman, J. Keyser, L. Abbott, and Y. Choe, “Knife-edge scanning microscope brain atlas: A submicrometer-resolution web-based mouse brain atlas,” in “2011 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2011). Program No. 328.05. Online.

Abbott, L. C.

D. Mayerich, L. C. Abbott, and B. H. McCormick, “Knife-Edge scanning microscopy for imaging and reconstruction of Three-Dimensional anatomical structures of the mouse brain,” Journal of Microscopy 231, 134–143 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. C. Abbott and C. Sotelo, “Ultrastructural analysis of catecholaminergic innervation in weaver and normal mouse cerebellar cortices,” The Journal of Comparative Neurology 426, 316–329 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Abela, R.

S. Heinzer, T. Krucker, M. Stampanoni, R. Abela, E. P. Meyer, A. Schuler, P. Schneider, and R. Muller, “Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks,” NeuroImage 32, 626–636 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Akita, S.

S. Akita, N. Tamai, A. Myoui, M. Nishikawa, T. Kaito, K. Takaoka, and H. Yoshikawa, “Capillary vessel network integration by inserting a vascular pedicle enhances bone formation in Tissue-Engineered bone using interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics,” Tissue Engineering 10, 789–795 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Blinder, P.

P. Blinder, A. Y. Shih, C. Rafie, and D. Kleinfeld, “Topological basis for the robust distribution of blood to rodent neocortex,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 12670 –12675 (2010).
[Crossref]

Budak, E.

M. Wiercigroch and E. Budak, “Sources of nonlinearities, chatter generation and suppression in metal cutting,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 359, 663–693 (2001).
[Crossref]

Cances-Lauwers, V.

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, S. Lorthois, P. Puwanarajah, V. Cances-Lauwers, and H. Duvernoy, “Branching patterns for arterioles and venules of the human cerebral cortex,” Brain Research 1313, 62–78 (2010).
[Crossref]

Carano, R. A.

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cassot, F.

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, S. Lorthois, P. Puwanarajah, V. Cances-Lauwers, and H. Duvernoy, “Branching patterns for arterioles and venules of the human cerebral cortex,” Brain Research 1313, 62–78 (2010).
[Crossref]

F. Lauwers, F. Cassot, V. Lauwers-Cances, P. Puwanarajah, and H. Duvernoy, “Morphometry of the human cerebral cortex microcirculation: General characteristics and space-related profiles,” NeuroImage 39, 936–948 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, C. Fouard, S. Prohaska, and V. Lauwers-Cances, “A novel Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted method for a quantitative study of microvascular networks of the human cerebral cortex,” Microcirculation 13, 1–18 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, H. Y.

B. R. Shepherd, H. Y. Chen, C. M. Smith, G. Gruionu, S. K. Williams, and J. B. Hoying, “Rapid perfusion and network remodeling in a microvascular construct after implantation,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Biology 24, 898 –904 (2004).
[Crossref]

Choe, Y.

D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, Y. Choe, L. Abbott, and J. Keyser, “Constructing high resolution microvascular models,” in “Third Workshop on Microscopic Image Analysis with Applications in Biology,” (2008).

Y. Choe, D. Han, P. Huang, J. Keyser, J. Kwon, D. Mayerich, and L. Abbott, “Complete submicrometer scans of mouse brain microstructure: Neurons and vasculatures,” in “2009 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2009). Program No. 389.10. Online.

C. Sung, J. R. Chung, D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, D. Miller, T. Huffman, J. Keyser, L. Abbott, and Y. Choe, “Knife-edge scanning microscope brain atlas: A submicrometer-resolution web-based mouse brain atlas,” in “2011 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2011). Program No. 328.05. Online.

Chu, C. N.

T. C. Lee, R. L. Kashyap, and C. N. Chu, “Building skeleton models via 3-D medial surface/axis thinning algorithms,” Graphical Models and Image Processing 56, 462–478 (1994).
[Crossref]

Chung, J. R.

C. Sung, J. R. Chung, D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, D. Miller, T. Huffman, J. Keyser, L. Abbott, and Y. Choe, “Knife-edge scanning microscope brain atlas: A submicrometer-resolution web-based mouse brain atlas,” in “2011 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2011). Program No. 328.05. Online.

Cornelissen, A. J. M.

A. R. Pries, A. J. M. Cornelissen, A. A. Sloot, M. Hinkeldey, M. R. Dreher, M. Hpfner, M. W. Dewhirst, and T. W. Secomb, “Structural adaptation and heterogeneity of normal and tumor microvascular networks,” PLoS Computational Biology 5, e1000394 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cui, X. T.

A. B. Schwartz, X. T. Cui, D. J. Weber, and D. W. Moran, “Brain-Controlled interfaces: Movement restoration with neural prosthetics,” Neuron 52, 205–220 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dewhirst, M. W.

A. R. Pries, A. J. M. Cornelissen, A. A. Sloot, M. Hinkeldey, M. R. Dreher, M. Hpfner, M. W. Dewhirst, and T. W. Secomb, “Structural adaptation and heterogeneity of normal and tumor microvascular networks,” PLoS Computational Biology 5, e1000394 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dodd, L. R.

E. M. Renkin, S. D. Gray, and L. R. Dodd, “Filling of microcirculation in skeletal muscles during timed india ink perfusion,” American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 241, H174 –H186 (1981).

Dreher, M. R.

A. R. Pries, A. J. M. Cornelissen, A. A. Sloot, M. Hinkeldey, M. R. Dreher, M. Hpfner, M. W. Dewhirst, and T. W. Secomb, “Structural adaptation and heterogeneity of normal and tumor microvascular networks,” PLoS Computational Biology 5, e1000394 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Duvernoy, H.

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, S. Lorthois, P. Puwanarajah, V. Cances-Lauwers, and H. Duvernoy, “Branching patterns for arterioles and venules of the human cerebral cortex,” Brain Research 1313, 62–78 (2010).
[Crossref]

F. Lauwers, F. Cassot, V. Lauwers-Cances, P. Puwanarajah, and H. Duvernoy, “Morphometry of the human cerebral cortex microcirculation: General characteristics and space-related profiles,” NeuroImage 39, 936–948 (2008).
[Crossref]

Fouard, C.

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, C. Fouard, S. Prohaska, and V. Lauwers-Cances, “A novel Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted method for a quantitative study of microvascular networks of the human cerebral cortex,” Microcirculation 13, 1–18 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Friedman, B.

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gong, H.

A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gray, S. D.

E. M. Renkin, S. D. Gray, and L. R. Dodd, “Filling of microcirculation in skeletal muscles during timed india ink perfusion,” American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 241, H174 –H186 (1981).

Gruionu, G.

B. R. Shepherd, H. Y. Chen, C. M. Smith, G. Gruionu, S. K. Williams, and J. B. Hoying, “Rapid perfusion and network remodeling in a microvascular construct after implantation,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Biology 24, 898 –904 (2004).
[Crossref]

Han, D.

Y. Choe, D. Han, P. Huang, J. Keyser, J. Kwon, D. Mayerich, and L. Abbott, “Complete submicrometer scans of mouse brain microstructure: Neurons and vasculatures,” in “2009 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2009). Program No. 389.10. Online.

He, X.

X. He, E. Kischell, M. Rioult, and T. J. Holmes, “Three-Dimensional thinning algorithm that peels the outmost layer with application to neuron tracing,” Journal of Computer-Assisted Microscopy 10, 123–135 (1998).
[Crossref]

Heinzer, S.

S. Heinzer, T. Krucker, M. Stampanoni, R. Abela, E. P. Meyer, A. Schuler, P. Schneider, and R. Muller, “Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks,” NeuroImage 32, 626–636 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hinkeldey, M.

A. R. Pries, A. J. M. Cornelissen, A. A. Sloot, M. Hinkeldey, M. R. Dreher, M. Hpfner, M. W. Dewhirst, and T. W. Secomb, “Structural adaptation and heterogeneity of normal and tumor microvascular networks,” PLoS Computational Biology 5, e1000394 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ho, C.

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Holmes, T. J.

X. He, E. Kischell, M. Rioult, and T. J. Holmes, “Three-Dimensional thinning algorithm that peels the outmost layer with application to neuron tracing,” Journal of Computer-Assisted Microscopy 10, 123–135 (1998).
[Crossref]

Hoying, J. B.

B. R. Shepherd, H. Y. Chen, C. M. Smith, G. Gruionu, S. K. Williams, and J. B. Hoying, “Rapid perfusion and network remodeling in a microvascular construct after implantation,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Biology 24, 898 –904 (2004).
[Crossref]

Hpfner, M.

A. R. Pries, A. J. M. Cornelissen, A. A. Sloot, M. Hinkeldey, M. R. Dreher, M. Hpfner, M. W. Dewhirst, and T. W. Secomb, “Structural adaptation and heterogeneity of normal and tumor microvascular networks,” PLoS Computational Biology 5, e1000394 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, P.

Y. Choe, D. Han, P. Huang, J. Keyser, J. Kwon, D. Mayerich, and L. Abbott, “Complete submicrometer scans of mouse brain microstructure: Neurons and vasculatures,” in “2009 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2009). Program No. 389.10. Online.

Huffman, T.

C. Sung, J. R. Chung, D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, D. Miller, T. Huffman, J. Keyser, L. Abbott, and Y. Choe, “Knife-edge scanning microscope brain atlas: A submicrometer-resolution web-based mouse brain atlas,” in “2011 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2011). Program No. 328.05. Online.

Ifarraguerri, A.

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kaito, T.

S. Akita, N. Tamai, A. Myoui, M. Nishikawa, T. Kaito, K. Takaoka, and H. Yoshikawa, “Capillary vessel network integration by inserting a vascular pedicle enhances bone formation in Tissue-Engineered bone using interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics,” Tissue Engineering 10, 789–795 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kashyap, R. L.

T. C. Lee, R. L. Kashyap, and C. N. Chu, “Building skeleton models via 3-D medial surface/axis thinning algorithms,” Graphical Models and Image Processing 56, 462–478 (1994).
[Crossref]

Keyser, J.

C. Sung, J. R. Chung, D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, D. Miller, T. Huffman, J. Keyser, L. Abbott, and Y. Choe, “Knife-edge scanning microscope brain atlas: A submicrometer-resolution web-based mouse brain atlas,” in “2011 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2011). Program No. 328.05. Online.

D. Mayerich, B. H. McCormick, and J. Keyser, “Noise and artifact removal in Knife-Edge scanning microscopy,” Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro pp. 556–559 (2007).
[Crossref]

D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, Y. Choe, L. Abbott, and J. Keyser, “Constructing high resolution microvascular models,” in “Third Workshop on Microscopic Image Analysis with Applications in Biology,” (2008).

Y. Choe, D. Han, P. Huang, J. Keyser, J. Kwon, D. Mayerich, and L. Abbott, “Complete submicrometer scans of mouse brain microstructure: Neurons and vasculatures,” in “2009 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2009). Program No. 389.10. Online.

Kischell, E.

X. He, E. Kischell, M. Rioult, and T. J. Holmes, “Three-Dimensional thinning algorithm that peels the outmost layer with application to neuron tracing,” Journal of Computer-Assisted Microscopy 10, 123–135 (1998).
[Crossref]

Kleinfeld, D.

P. Blinder, A. Y. Shih, C. Rafie, and D. Kleinfeld, “Topological basis for the robust distribution of blood to rodent neocortex,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 12670 –12675 (2010).
[Crossref]

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Krucker, T.

S. Heinzer, T. Krucker, M. Stampanoni, R. Abela, E. P. Meyer, A. Schuler, P. Schneider, and R. Muller, “Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks,” NeuroImage 32, 626–636 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Krucker, A. Lang, and E. P. Meyer, “New polyurethane-based material for vascular corrosion casting with improved physical and imaging characteristics,” Microscopy research and technique 69, 138–147 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kwon, J.

Y. Choe, D. Han, P. Huang, J. Keyser, J. Kwon, D. Mayerich, and L. Abbott, “Complete submicrometer scans of mouse brain microstructure: Neurons and vasculatures,” in “2009 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2009). Program No. 389.10. Online.

D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, Y. Choe, L. Abbott, and J. Keyser, “Constructing high resolution microvascular models,” in “Third Workshop on Microscopic Image Analysis with Applications in Biology,” (2008).

C. Sung, J. R. Chung, D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, D. Miller, T. Huffman, J. Keyser, L. Abbott, and Y. Choe, “Knife-edge scanning microscope brain atlas: A submicrometer-resolution web-based mouse brain atlas,” in “2011 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2011). Program No. 328.05. Online.

Lang, A.

T. Krucker, A. Lang, and E. P. Meyer, “New polyurethane-based material for vascular corrosion casting with improved physical and imaging characteristics,” Microscopy research and technique 69, 138–147 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lauwers, F.

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, S. Lorthois, P. Puwanarajah, V. Cances-Lauwers, and H. Duvernoy, “Branching patterns for arterioles and venules of the human cerebral cortex,” Brain Research 1313, 62–78 (2010).
[Crossref]

F. Lauwers, F. Cassot, V. Lauwers-Cances, P. Puwanarajah, and H. Duvernoy, “Morphometry of the human cerebral cortex microcirculation: General characteristics and space-related profiles,” NeuroImage 39, 936–948 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, C. Fouard, S. Prohaska, and V. Lauwers-Cances, “A novel Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted method for a quantitative study of microvascular networks of the human cerebral cortex,” Microcirculation 13, 1–18 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lauwers-Cances, V.

F. Lauwers, F. Cassot, V. Lauwers-Cances, P. Puwanarajah, and H. Duvernoy, “Morphometry of the human cerebral cortex microcirculation: General characteristics and space-related profiles,” NeuroImage 39, 936–948 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, C. Fouard, S. Prohaska, and V. Lauwers-Cances, “A novel Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted method for a quantitative study of microvascular networks of the human cerebral cortex,” Microcirculation 13, 1–18 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, T. C.

T. C. Lee, R. L. Kashyap, and C. N. Chu, “Building skeleton models via 3-D medial surface/axis thinning algorithms,” Graphical Models and Image Processing 56, 462–478 (1994).
[Crossref]

Lev-Ram, V.

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, A.

A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, Q.

A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lorthois, S.

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, S. Lorthois, P. Puwanarajah, V. Cances-Lauwers, and H. Duvernoy, “Branching patterns for arterioles and venules of the human cerebral cortex,” Brain Research 1313, 62–78 (2010).
[Crossref]

Luo, Q.

A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mayerich, D.

D. Mayerich, L. C. Abbott, and B. H. McCormick, “Knife-Edge scanning microscopy for imaging and reconstruction of Three-Dimensional anatomical structures of the mouse brain,” Journal of Microscopy 231, 134–143 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Sung, J. R. Chung, D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, D. Miller, T. Huffman, J. Keyser, L. Abbott, and Y. Choe, “Knife-edge scanning microscope brain atlas: A submicrometer-resolution web-based mouse brain atlas,” in “2011 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2011). Program No. 328.05. Online.

D. Mayerich, B. H. McCormick, and J. Keyser, “Noise and artifact removal in Knife-Edge scanning microscopy,” Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro pp. 556–559 (2007).
[Crossref]

D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, Y. Choe, L. Abbott, and J. Keyser, “Constructing high resolution microvascular models,” in “Third Workshop on Microscopic Image Analysis with Applications in Biology,” (2008).

Y. Choe, D. Han, P. Huang, J. Keyser, J. Kwon, D. Mayerich, and L. Abbott, “Complete submicrometer scans of mouse brain microstructure: Neurons and vasculatures,” in “2009 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2009). Program No. 389.10. Online.

McCormick, B. H.

D. Mayerich, L. C. Abbott, and B. H. McCormick, “Knife-Edge scanning microscopy for imaging and reconstruction of Three-Dimensional anatomical structures of the mouse brain,” Journal of Microscopy 231, 134–143 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Mayerich, B. H. McCormick, and J. Keyser, “Noise and artifact removal in Knife-Edge scanning microscopy,” Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro pp. 556–559 (2007).
[Crossref]

Meyer, E. P.

T. Krucker, A. Lang, and E. P. Meyer, “New polyurethane-based material for vascular corrosion casting with improved physical and imaging characteristics,” Microscopy research and technique 69, 138–147 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Heinzer, T. Krucker, M. Stampanoni, R. Abela, E. P. Meyer, A. Schuler, P. Schneider, and R. Muller, “Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks,” NeuroImage 32, 626–636 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Micheva, K. D.

K. D. Micheva and S. J. Smith, “Array tomography: A new tool for imaging the molecular architecture and ultrastructure of neural circuits,” Neuron 55, 25–36 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Miller, D.

C. Sung, J. R. Chung, D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, D. Miller, T. Huffman, J. Keyser, L. Abbott, and Y. Choe, “Knife-edge scanning microscope brain atlas: A submicrometer-resolution web-based mouse brain atlas,” in “2011 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2011). Program No. 328.05. Online.

Moran, D. W.

A. B. Schwartz, X. T. Cui, D. J. Weber, and D. W. Moran, “Brain-Controlled interfaces: Movement restoration with neural prosthetics,” Neuron 52, 205–220 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Muller, R.

S. Heinzer, T. Krucker, M. Stampanoni, R. Abela, E. P. Meyer, A. Schuler, P. Schneider, and R. Muller, “Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks,” NeuroImage 32, 626–636 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Myoui, A.

S. Akita, N. Tamai, A. Myoui, M. Nishikawa, T. Kaito, K. Takaoka, and H. Yoshikawa, “Capillary vessel network integration by inserting a vascular pedicle enhances bone formation in Tissue-Engineered bone using interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics,” Tissue Engineering 10, 789–795 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nishikawa, M.

S. Akita, N. Tamai, A. Myoui, M. Nishikawa, T. Kaito, K. Takaoka, and H. Yoshikawa, “Capillary vessel network integration by inserting a vascular pedicle enhances bone formation in Tissue-Engineered bone using interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics,” Tissue Engineering 10, 789–795 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pacheco, G.

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Peale, F. V.

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pries, A. R.

A. R. Pries, A. J. M. Cornelissen, A. A. Sloot, M. Hinkeldey, M. R. Dreher, M. Hpfner, M. W. Dewhirst, and T. W. Secomb, “Structural adaptation and heterogeneity of normal and tumor microvascular networks,” PLoS Computational Biology 5, e1000394 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Prohaska, S.

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, C. Fouard, S. Prohaska, and V. Lauwers-Cances, “A novel Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted method for a quantitative study of microvascular networks of the human cerebral cortex,” Microcirculation 13, 1–18 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Puwanarajah, P.

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, S. Lorthois, P. Puwanarajah, V. Cances-Lauwers, and H. Duvernoy, “Branching patterns for arterioles and venules of the human cerebral cortex,” Brain Research 1313, 62–78 (2010).
[Crossref]

F. Lauwers, F. Cassot, V. Lauwers-Cances, P. Puwanarajah, and H. Duvernoy, “Morphometry of the human cerebral cortex microcirculation: General characteristics and space-related profiles,” NeuroImage 39, 936–948 (2008).
[Crossref]

Rafie, C.

P. Blinder, A. Y. Shih, C. Rafie, and D. Kleinfeld, “Topological basis for the robust distribution of blood to rodent neocortex,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 12670 –12675 (2010).
[Crossref]

Renkin, E. M.

E. M. Renkin, S. D. Gray, and L. R. Dodd, “Filling of microcirculation in skeletal muscles during timed india ink perfusion,” American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 241, H174 –H186 (1981).

Rioult, M.

X. He, E. Kischell, M. Rioult, and T. J. Holmes, “Three-Dimensional thinning algorithm that peels the outmost layer with application to neuron tracing,” Journal of Computer-Assisted Microscopy 10, 123–135 (1998).
[Crossref]

Ross, J.

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ross, S.

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schaer, C. B.

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schneider, P.

S. Heinzer, T. Krucker, M. Stampanoni, R. Abela, E. P. Meyer, A. Schuler, P. Schneider, and R. Muller, “Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks,” NeuroImage 32, 626–636 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schuler, A.

S. Heinzer, T. Krucker, M. Stampanoni, R. Abela, E. P. Meyer, A. Schuler, P. Schneider, and R. Muller, “Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks,” NeuroImage 32, 626–636 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schwartz, A. B.

A. B. Schwartz, X. T. Cui, D. J. Weber, and D. W. Moran, “Brain-Controlled interfaces: Movement restoration with neural prosthetics,” Neuron 52, 205–220 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Secomb, T. W.

A. R. Pries, A. J. M. Cornelissen, A. A. Sloot, M. Hinkeldey, M. R. Dreher, M. Hpfner, M. W. Dewhirst, and T. W. Secomb, “Structural adaptation and heterogeneity of normal and tumor microvascular networks,” PLoS Computational Biology 5, e1000394 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sethian, J. A.

J. A. Sethian, Level Set Methods and Fast Marching Methods: Evolving Interfaces in Computational Geometry, Fluid Mechanics, Computer Vision, and Materials Science (Cambridge University Press, 1999).

Shepherd, B. R.

B. R. Shepherd, H. Y. Chen, C. M. Smith, G. Gruionu, S. K. Williams, and J. B. Hoying, “Rapid perfusion and network remodeling in a microvascular construct after implantation,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Biology 24, 898 –904 (2004).
[Crossref]

Shih, A. Y.

P. Blinder, A. Y. Shih, C. Rafie, and D. Kleinfeld, “Topological basis for the robust distribution of blood to rodent neocortex,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 12670 –12675 (2010).
[Crossref]

Sloot, A. A.

A. R. Pries, A. J. M. Cornelissen, A. A. Sloot, M. Hinkeldey, M. R. Dreher, M. Hpfner, M. W. Dewhirst, and T. W. Secomb, “Structural adaptation and heterogeneity of normal and tumor microvascular networks,” PLoS Computational Biology 5, e1000394 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Smith, C. M.

B. R. Shepherd, H. Y. Chen, C. M. Smith, G. Gruionu, S. K. Williams, and J. B. Hoying, “Rapid perfusion and network remodeling in a microvascular construct after implantation,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Biology 24, 898 –904 (2004).
[Crossref]

Smith, S. J.

K. D. Micheva and S. J. Smith, “Array tomography: A new tool for imaging the molecular architecture and ultrastructure of neural circuits,” Neuron 55, 25–36 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sotelo, C.

L. C. Abbott and C. Sotelo, “Ultrastructural analysis of catecholaminergic innervation in weaver and normal mouse cerebellar cortices,” The Journal of Comparative Neurology 426, 316–329 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Squier, J. A.

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stampanoni, M.

S. Heinzer, T. Krucker, M. Stampanoni, R. Abela, E. P. Meyer, A. Schuler, P. Schneider, and R. Muller, “Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks,” NeuroImage 32, 626–636 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sung, C.

C. Sung, J. R. Chung, D. Mayerich, J. Kwon, D. Miller, T. Huffman, J. Keyser, L. Abbott, and Y. Choe, “Knife-edge scanning microscope brain atlas: A submicrometer-resolution web-based mouse brain atlas,” in “2011 Neuroscience Meeting Planner,” (Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience, 2011). Program No. 328.05. Online.

Takaoka, K.

S. Akita, N. Tamai, A. Myoui, M. Nishikawa, T. Kaito, K. Takaoka, and H. Yoshikawa, “Capillary vessel network integration by inserting a vascular pedicle enhances bone formation in Tissue-Engineered bone using interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics,” Tissue Engineering 10, 789–795 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tamai, N.

S. Akita, N. Tamai, A. Myoui, M. Nishikawa, T. Kaito, K. Takaoka, and H. Yoshikawa, “Capillary vessel network integration by inserting a vascular pedicle enhances bone formation in Tissue-Engineered bone using interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics,” Tissue Engineering 10, 789–795 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Thompson, B. D.

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tsai, P. S.

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tsien, R. Y.

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ungersma, S. E.

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

van Bruggen, N.

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, Q.

A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Weber, D. J.

A. B. Schwartz, X. T. Cui, D. J. Weber, and D. W. Moran, “Brain-Controlled interfaces: Movement restoration with neural prosthetics,” Neuron 52, 205–220 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wiercigroch, M.

M. Wiercigroch and E. Budak, “Sources of nonlinearities, chatter generation and suppression in metal cutting,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 359, 663–693 (2001).
[Crossref]

Williams, S. K.

B. R. Shepherd, H. Y. Chen, C. M. Smith, G. Gruionu, S. K. Williams, and J. B. Hoying, “Rapid perfusion and network remodeling in a microvascular construct after implantation,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Biology 24, 898 –904 (2004).
[Crossref]

Wu, J.

A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xiong, Q.

P. S. Tsai, B. Friedman, A. Ifarraguerri, B. D. Thompson, V. Lev-Ram, C. B. Schaer, Q. Xiong, R. Y. Tsien, J. A. Squier, and D. Kleinfeld, “All-Optical histology using ultrashort laser pulses,” Neuron 39, 27–41 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yan, C.

A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yee, S. F.

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yoo, T. S.

T. S. Yoo, Insight into Images: Principles and Practice for Segmentation, Registration, and Image Analysis (A K Peters/CRC Press, 2004), 1st ed.
[Crossref]

Yoshikawa, H.

S. Akita, N. Tamai, A. Myoui, M. Nishikawa, T. Kaito, K. Takaoka, and H. Yoshikawa, “Capillary vessel network integration by inserting a vascular pedicle enhances bone formation in Tissue-Engineered bone using interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics,” Tissue Engineering 10, 789–795 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zeng, S.

A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, B.

A. Li, H. Gong, B. Zhang, Q. Wang, C. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, and Q. Luo, “Micro-Optical sectioning tomography to obtain a High-Resolution atlas of the mouse brain,” Science 330, 1404 –1408 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology (1)

E. M. Renkin, S. D. Gray, and L. R. Dodd, “Filling of microcirculation in skeletal muscles during timed india ink perfusion,” American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 241, H174 –H186 (1981).

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Biology (1)

B. R. Shepherd, H. Y. Chen, C. M. Smith, G. Gruionu, S. K. Williams, and J. B. Hoying, “Rapid perfusion and network remodeling in a microvascular construct after implantation,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Biology 24, 898 –904 (2004).
[Crossref]

Brain Research (1)

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, S. Lorthois, P. Puwanarajah, V. Cances-Lauwers, and H. Duvernoy, “Branching patterns for arterioles and venules of the human cerebral cortex,” Brain Research 1313, 62–78 (2010).
[Crossref]

Graphical Models and Image Processing (1)

T. C. Lee, R. L. Kashyap, and C. N. Chu, “Building skeleton models via 3-D medial surface/axis thinning algorithms,” Graphical Models and Image Processing 56, 462–478 (1994).
[Crossref]

Journal of Computer-Assisted Microscopy (1)

X. He, E. Kischell, M. Rioult, and T. J. Holmes, “Three-Dimensional thinning algorithm that peels the outmost layer with application to neuron tracing,” Journal of Computer-Assisted Microscopy 10, 123–135 (1998).
[Crossref]

Journal of Microscopy (1)

D. Mayerich, L. C. Abbott, and B. H. McCormick, “Knife-Edge scanning microscopy for imaging and reconstruction of Three-Dimensional anatomical structures of the mouse brain,” Journal of Microscopy 231, 134–143 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (1)

S. E. Ungersma, G. Pacheco, C. Ho, S. F. Yee, J. Ross, N. van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, S. Ross, and R. A. Carano, “Vessel imaging with viable tumor analysis for quantification of tumor angiogenesis,” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, 1637–1647 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Microcirculation (1)

F. Cassot, F. Lauwers, C. Fouard, S. Prohaska, and V. Lauwers-Cances, “A novel Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted method for a quantitative study of microvascular networks of the human cerebral cortex,” Microcirculation 13, 1–18 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Microscopy research and technique (1)

T. Krucker, A. Lang, and E. P. Meyer, “New polyurethane-based material for vascular corrosion casting with improved physical and imaging characteristics,” Microscopy research and technique 69, 138–147 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

NeuroImage (2)

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Knife-edge scanning microscopy. Serial sections are concurrently cut and imaged under water (a–b). Imaging is performed in transmission mode by sending illumination through a diamond cutting tool. Image capture is synchronized with stage position and performed using a line-scan camera. Illumination is provided using a mercury vapor short arc lamp to send light to the knife through a liquid-optic light guide (0.55NA, η = 1.65). Geometric angles of the refracted light are shown for each interface (c). Total internal reflection (TIR) within the diamond knife at the diamond/water interface results in light scattering and emission through the knife tip when the incident angle is less than the critical angle (33.3°) for a diamond knife (η = 2.42) immersed in water (η = 1.33) (d). The density of illumination around the knife is estimated using a first-order Monte Carlo simulation (e–f). The amount of scattering is determined by the NA of the light guide. Light intensity is shown as a factor of input intensity using the associated color map. Imaging is performed using time-delayed integation (TDI) as the tissue moves along the 35° bevel at the knife tip. Using TDI increases the SNR and increases the amount of scattered illumination used to construct the final image.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) Single coronal KESM section of the mouse cerebellum and mid-brain and closeup showing a (b) 500μm and (c) 200μm view of the same section. (d) A single tissue cross-section at any depth z is composed of several adjacent sections with a width that falls within the objective FOV.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Visualization of the whole-brain vascular data set. The whole downsampled brain is shown (a–b) along with cross-sections composed of ≈ 200 slices (c–f). Scale bars = 2mm. (g) Close-up of an anterior coronal section through the cortex. Features labeled are (1) surface of the lateral ventricles, (2) Pericallosal artery, and (3) the cortical surface with descending microvessels. (h–i) Close-up of a volume reconstruction of the labeled region. Color value indicates estimated vessel radius computed by performing a distance transform on the medial axis.

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Equations (2)

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F = 2 Δ x π r
| ∇ u ( x ) | = F ( x )

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