Abstract

<i>In situ</i> Raman spectroscopy is an extremely valuable technique for investigating fundamental reactions that occur inside lithium rechargeable batteries. However, specialized <i>in situ</i> Raman spectroelectrochemical cells must be constructed to perform these experiments. These cells are often quite different from the cells used in normal electrochemical investigations. More importantly, the number of cells is usually limited by construction costs; thus, routine usage of <i>in situ</i> Raman spectroscopy is hampered for most laboratories. This paper describes a modification to industrially available coin cells that facilitates routine <i>in situ</i> Raman spectroelectrochemical measurements of lithium batteries. To test this strategy, <i>in situ</i> Raman spectroelectrochemical measurements are performed on Li//V₂O₅ cells. Various phases of Li_<i>x</i>V₂O₅ could be identified in the modified coin cells with Raman spectroscopy, and the electrochemical cycling performance between <i>in situ</i> and unmodified cells is nearly identical.

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