Abstract

Infrared microspectroscopy of biopsied canine lymph cells and tissue was performed to investigate the possibility of using IR spectra coupled with multivariate classification methods to classify the samples as normal, hyperplastic, or neoplastic (malignant). IR spectra were obtained in transmission mode through BaF₂ windows and in reflection mode from samples prepared on gold-coated microscope slides. Cytology and histopathology samples were prepared by a variety of methods to identify the optimal methods of sample preparation. Cytospinning procedures that yielded a monolayer of cells on the BaF₂ windows produced a limited set of IR transmission spectra. These transmission spectra were converted to absorbance and formed the basis for a classification rule that yielded 100% correct classification in a cross-validated context. Classifications of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic cell sample spectra were achieved by using both partial least-squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) classification methods. Linear discriminant analysis applied to principal components obtained from the spectral data yielded a small number of misclassifications. PLS weight loading vectors yield valuable qualitative insight into the molecular changes that are responsible for the success of the infrared classification. These successful classification results show promise for assisting pathologists in the diagnosis of cell types and offer future potential for <i>in vivo</i> IR detection of some types of cancer.

Multivariate analysis of standoff laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra for classification of explosive-containing residues

Frank C. De Lucia, Jr., Jennifer L. Gottfried, Chase A. Munson, and Andrzej W. Miziolek
Appl. Opt. 47(31) G112-G121 (2008)

High speed classification of individual bacterial cells using a model-based light scatter system and multivariate statistics

Murugesan Venkatapathi, Bartek Rajwa, Kathy Ragheb, Padmapriya P. Banada, Todd Lary, J. Paul Robinson, and E. Daniel Hirleman
Appl. Opt. 47(5) 678-686 (2008)

Comparison of principal component analysis and biochemical component analysis in Raman spectroscopy for the discrimination of apoptosis and necrosis in K562 leukemia cells

Yi Hong Ong, Mayasari Lim, and Quan Liu
Opt. Express 20(20) 22158-22171 (2012)

Distinction of cervical cancer biopsies by use of infrared microspectroscopy and probabilistic neural networks

A. Podshyvalov, R. K. Sahu, S. Mark, K. Kantarovich, H. Guterman, J. Goldstein, R. Jagannathan, S. Argov, and S. Mordechai
Appl. Opt. 44(18) 3725-3734 (2005)

Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis to study the biochemical mechanism of lung cancer microwave ablation

Dongliang Song, Fan Yu, Shilin Chen, Yishen Chen, Qingli He, Zhe Zhang, Jingyuan Zhang, and Shuang Wang
Biomed. Opt. Express 11(2) 1061-1072 (2020)