Abstract

Trace element analysis of 160 natural- and synthetic rubies was carried out by using the technique of proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE). It was found that the natural rubies contained more and higher concentrations of impurities than did their synthetic counterparts. Our results suggest that vanadium and iron are good indicators for separating synthetic rubies from the natural ones. The concentration of chromium is also helpful in many cases for source identification.

Synthetic Maser Ruby

Robert D. Olt
Appl. Opt. 1(1) 25-32 (1962)

An Experimental Study of the Triboluminescence of Certain Natural Crystals and Synthetically Prepared Materials

Frances G. Wick
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 27(8) 275-285 (1937)

Experimental study of the dynamics of a ruby laser pumped by a cw argon-ion laser

R. S. Afzal, W. P. Lin, and N. M. Lawandy
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6(12) 2348-2354 (1989)

High-Speed Photographic Study of the Coherent Radiation from a Ruby Laser

G. L. Clark, R. F. Wuerker, and C. M. York
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52(8) 878-880 (1962)

A Study of Transverse Modes of Ruby Lasers Using Beat-Frequency Detection and Fast Photography

C. Martin Stickley
Appl. Opt. 3(8) 967-979 (1964)