Abstract

The importance of trace elements in environmental, nutritional, clinical, forensic, toxicological, and other fields has been well recognized. Among the variety of analytical techniques available for trace element determinations, atomic spectrometry is one of the most popular. This technique may further be divided into atomic absorption, atomic emission, and atomic fluorescence, with the latter two more amenable to multielement analyses. These atomic techniques require the introduction of samples into a high-temperature atom reservoir where atomic (or ionic) vapors are produced. These high-temperature atom sources include flames; the inductively coupled plasma, ICP; microwave-inducéd plasma, MIP; direct current plasma, DCP; and the graphite furnace.

Optical emission spectrometry and laser-induced fluorescence of laser produced sample plumes

Kay Niemax and Wolfgang Sdorra
Appl. Opt. 29(33) 5000-5006 (1990)

Stimulated emission in optically pumped atomic-copper vapor

Jin Joong Kim and Nackchin Sung
Opt. Lett. 12(11) 885-887 (1987)

Emission detection of dark resonance in a dilute lithium atomic vapor

Kiyoshi Ishikawa, Mari Inoue, and Mayu Yamamoto
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39(9) 2300-2305 (2022)

Degenerate conical emissions in atomic-sodium vapor

John Pender and Lambertus Hesselink
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7(7) 1361-1373 (1990)

Hot Tube Atomic Absorption Spectrochemistry

Ray Woodriff and Ronald W. Stone
Appl. Opt. 7(7) 1337-1339 (1968)