Abstract
A series of experiments has shown that FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy is a helpful tool for characterizing waste organic matter, its decomposition, and stabilization in rotting processes. A specific set of differently treated input materials, originating from various composting plants, was chosen to reflect a wide range of spectroscopic properties. The approach to FT-IR spectra interpretation is presented. Changes of relative absorbances of the band at 2925 cm<sup>-1</sup> (methylene groups of aliphatics) reflect the progress and dynamics of composting processes. Different processes can be compared by the specific development of their 2925 cm<sup>-1</sup> band. Nitrate was quantified by calibrating nitrate band heights with added amounts of KNO<sub>3</sub>. The concentrations and band heights (absorbances) were linearly correlated (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9968, SD = 0.001). Bands of inorganic components are useful to assess the decomposition process because they also indicate the development of organic matter. Different wastes can be distinguished by their fingerprint region (1500-900 cm<sup>-1</sup>). This region also reveals fresh and undecomposed materials. The presence or absence of specific bands provides information about the decomposition status of materials.
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