1968 [183] | KDP, both coherent and incoherent upconversion | Nd-YAG (1064), CW, 0.3 W | He–Ne laser (1.15), Hg-lamp (1–1.5) | – | – | 70 lines/inch | counts/s/raster point |
1968 [19] | (1 cm), temperature
tuning | ruby (694), Pulse | 1.6 | | 3.44 | 50 total lines | – |
1968 [28] | (1 cm), non-collinear
CPM (theory) | ruby (694), Pulse | 5.2 | | – | 500 total lines | 2500 counts/s/pixel |
1968 [20] | Proustite (1.2 cm), angular PM | ruby (694), Pulse | 10.6 | | 17.2 | | – |
1969 [22] | Proustite (0.45 cm), tangential PM | ruby (694), Pulse | 10.6 | – | 17.2 | – | – |
1969 [23] | KDP (1 cm) NCPM, rotation of crystal | ruby (694), Pulse | 1.06 | – | 20 | – | – |
1970 [24] | KDP (0.3 cm) | -switched, Nd-laser
(1064) | 1.06 | | – | 18 lines/mm | – |
1971 [31] | (1 cm), 90°
NCPM | Nd-YAG (1064) | 10.6 | 0.014 | 3.6 | – | Thermal background |
1972 [25] | Proustite (1 cm), angular PM | ruby (694.3) Non--switched | 10, bandwidth 500 nm | | 30 | 1.2 cm/cycle | Up-noise at 300 K |
1972 [198] | KDP (0.27 cm), critical non-collinear | ruby (694), pulse | 1.06 (pulse) | | 49 | , | – |
1972 [152] | Proustite (single crystal), angular PM | Nd-YAG (1064), CW | 10.6 | – | 12 | 3.56 lines/mm ( lines within FoV) | – |
1975 [120] | Proustite, angular PM with cylindrical focusing of
pump | Nd-YAG (1064), quasi CW | 10 | – | – | | – |
1976 [59] | (5 cm), collinear
90° PM, temperature tuning | Argon-laser (514.5), CW, 1 W | 2.7–4.5 (tunable) | | | at 3.3 μm | |
1977 [27] | Proustite (1 cm), collinear, Type-II PM | Krypton laser (752.5), CW, 0.25 W | 10 (tunable: 9–11 μm) | | | | (on each pixel) |
1981 [153] | Proustite (1.85 cm), tangential PM | Dye laser (697), pulse, 2 J/pulse | 10.6 | | – | Angular res. | Minimum IR power that can be |
1987 [72] | (0.9 cm), temperature
tuned noncritical 90° PM | Krypton laser (676.4) | Nd-YAG laser at 1.064 | | 2.8 | Angular res. | – |
1992 [199] | Urea, Type-II PM,3-D depth imaging (SHG experiment) | Mode-locked ring dye laser (620), 80 fs,
5 MW peak power | 0.62 | – | – | 18 lines/mm, (depth resolution
) | – |
1994 [200] | KDP (3 cm), time gating | SHG of Nd-YAG (532), pulse | Nd-YAG laser at 1.064 | | – | 1.41 lines/mm, maximum gate delay
| – |
1999 [201] | BBO (1 cm), collinear NCPM | Nd-YAG (1064), pulse, | 0.852 | | 0.2 | | – |
2000 [137] | BBO (1 cm), non-collinear NCPM, synchronous
pump | Nd-YAG (1064), -switched | Ti:sapphire laser at 0.852 | – | 2.4 | 100 μm | – |
2002 [92] | PPLN (2.5 cm), temperature, microlens array | Nd-YAG (1064), -switched | 1.85 | – | 2.25 mm object diameter | 4.2 lines/mm | – |
2007 [44] | PPLN (5 cm), temperature, collinear QPM,
raster-scanning | Nd-YAG (1064), -switched | OPO at 3.4 | (peak to peak) | 60 (max. scan angle) | | Minimum detectable |
2009 [70] | PPKTP (1 cm), temperature, QPM | (1342), CW, intracavity | 0.765, CW (ECDL) | 25% | – | | – |
2010 [90] | PPKTP (1 cm), temperature, QPM | (1342), CW, intracavity | 0.766 (halogen) | | | | – |
2012 [45] | PPLN (2 cm), temperature tuning, QPM | (1064), CW, intracavity | 3 (tunable from 2.85 to 5 μm) | (polarized, collinear) | – | | 0.2 photons/s/pixel |
2012 [162] | PPLN (5 cm), temperature, QPM, synchronous
pump | EDFL (1549), pulse | Yb-doped fiber laser at 1.04 | (peak to peak) | object area | – | Noise probability per pulse |
2013 [202] | PPLN (5 cm), temperature, QPM | Mode-locked Yb-doped laser (1050) | 3.39, CW | 12.5% | 1.5 mm image diameter | | |
2014 [203] | DAST, collinear, difference frequency generation | KTP-OPO (1292) | 19.3 THz | – | 40 mm object diameter | | Signal-to-noise ratio |
2014 [204] | PPLN, scanning, microscope
setup | (1064), CW, intracavity | | – | – | (181 lines/mm) | – |
2015 [94] | PPLN (2 cm), QPM, non-collinear, hyperspectral | (1064), CW, intracavity | 3.24–3.41 | – | object area | 231 μm (PSF) spectral res.
| – |
2015 [172] | PPLN (0.5 cm), QPM, non-collinear | (1064), CW, intracavity | 1.55, | | | 4 lines/mm | Limited by CCD dark noise |
2015 [177] | PPLN (5 cm), QPM, phase imaging | Yb-doped laser (1036) | 1.558 | | – | – | |
2016 [104] | (1 cm), angle tuning,
synchronous | Er-doped fiber laser (1550), pulse | Superconti-nuum, 1.8–2.6 | (collinear) | image diameter | | – |
2016 [170] | PPLN (0.5 cm), QPM, broadband, angular | (1064), CW | ASE, 1.55, bandwidth | – | | – | – |
2016 [135] | BBO (0.2 cm), transient imaging | (1510), pulse | 0.81 | – | object diameter | Time res. , spatial res.
| – |
2017 [205] | PPLN (4 cm), QPM, temperature tuning | (1064), CW, intracavity | Heat lamp 2.9–3.5 | (collinear, polarized) | – | | 0.57 photons/sec/pixel |
2017 [161] | (1 cm), angle tuning,
hyperspectral | Er-doped fiber laser (1550), s | Superconti-nuum, 2–4.5 | (collinear) | 14.9 mm object diameter | (12.7 lines/mm),
| – |
2017 [97] | (1 cm), angle tuning,
synchronous | fiber laser (1550), s | Er–Tm fiber laser 1.877 | – | object area | , | – |
2018 [124] | (1 cm), angle tuning,
hyperspectral | (1064), CW, 1.7 W | Globar, 6–8 | – | object diameter | , , spectral res.
| – |
2018 [169] | PPLN (0.5 cm), non-collinear QPM, thermal
gradient | Nd-YAG (1064) | 1.554 | 0.25 (normalized to the case ) | (for
) | – | – |
2018 [95] | PPLN (2 cm), non-collinear QPM, broadband pump | Yb- fiber laser (1064), pulse, | Fiber laser at 1.563, CW | (for 320 W pump peak
power) | | | Sensitivit commercial InGaAs |
2018 [67] | (1 cm), collinear,
angle tuning | (1064), CW, 3W | QCL, tunable 9.4–12, pulse | | | – | (for single pulse) |
2018 [179] | (1 cm),
raster-scanning, hyperspectral | (1064), CW, 3W | QCL, tunable 9.4–12, pulse | | object area | , spectral res.
| – |
2019 [185] | PPLN (2 cm), non-collinear QPM, object scanning in
3-D OCT imaging | (1064), CW, intracavity | Superconti-nuum, 3.5–4.7, 1 MHz | | object area | | – |
2019 [206] | (1 cm), electronically
synchronous | MOPA (1064), pulse, 1.6 ns | Superconti-nuum, 2–4.2, 1.6 ns,
40 kHz | 1% | 13 mm object diameter | | SNR is (integration time
0.5 ms) |
2019 [167] | (1 cm), tangential PM,
rotation of crystal | Yb- fiber laser (1064), pulse, 20 ps,
80 MHz | Optical parametric oscillator, tunable 2.3–4.1,
pulse | 0.002% for each pixel over full FoV | 10 mm object diameter | () at 3.1 μm | at the center of image |
2019 [207] | (1 cm), birefringent
PM, polychromatic, rotation of crystal | Mode-locked Ti:sapphire (804), 100 fs,
80 MHz | Optical parametric oscillator, tunable 2.7–4,
200 fs | | at
2.851 μm. | at
3.206 μm | – |