Energy-saving all-weather window based on selective filtering of solar spectral radiation

Ashish Kumar Chowdhary; Tanmay Bhowmik; Jegyasu Gupta; Debabrata Sikdar

doi:10.1364/AO.412932

Applied Optics
Vol. 60,
Issue 5,
pp. 1315-1325
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.412932

Energy-saving all-weather window based on selective filtering of solar spectral radiation

Ashish Kumar Chowdhary, Tanmay Bhowmik, Jegyasu Gupta, and Debabrata Sikdar

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Ashish Kumar Chowdhary, Tanmay Bhowmik, Jegyasu Gupta, and Debabrata Sikdar, "Energy-saving all-weather window based on selective filtering of solar spectral radiation," Appl. Opt. 60, 1315-1325 (2021)

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Abstract

Passive all-weather windows, capable of selectively transmitting visible and infrared solar radiation, could help in bringing down fossil-fuel energy consumption globally by reducing the carbon footprint of typical air-conditioning systems for buildings and motor vehicles. Here, we report on designing metal–insulator–metal thin-films for application in passive windows, optimized for different climatic conditions. We analyze designs comprising different noble metals as well as their relatively inexpensive alternatives. By finding an optimal choice of materials and thicknesses of the metal and dielectric layers, our lithography-free simple design can provide all-weather solutions for passive windows with desired visible and infrared transmission/blocking capability. Obtained theoretical results agree well with full-wave simulations. Thus, our proposed designs enable developing low-cost, ultra-thin (thickness: 47–85 nm), polarization-independent, angle-insensitive (up to 83 deg), and large-area-compatible passive windows with improved solar-radiation control for different weather/climatic conditions. The figure-of-merit calculation shows that the relatively inexpensive metals used in our passive glasses can outperform industry-standard commercial glasses and previously reported infrared-blocking plasmonic glasses.

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Equations (23)

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Choice of Metal	Mode of Operation	MIM Structure (thickness in nm)	$λ_{max}$ (nm)	$T_{max}$ (%)	$T_{w i n g s}$ (%)		$θ_{max}$ (degree)
Choice of Metal	Mode of Operation	MIM Structure (thickness in nm)	$λ_{max}$ (nm)	$T_{max}$ (%)	Left	Right	TM	TE
Au	Bright and cool (BC)	Au (5)– $S i O_{2}$ (37)–Au (5)	580	79.3	46.9	7.7	77	77
	Bright and warm (BW)	Au (5)– $T i O_{2}$ (37)–Au (5)	750	90.3	35.4	9.5	77	77
	Dark and warm (DW)	Au (5)–Si (37)–Au (5)	1020	82.8	23.7	13.3	78	78
Ag	Bright and cool (BC)	Ag (5)– $S i O_{2}$ (45)–Ag (5)	430	97.2	96.4	6.6	76	77
	Bright and warm (BW)	Ag (5)– $T i O_{2}$ (45)–Ag (5)	750	97.5	42.5	8.7	77	77
	Dark and warm (DW)	Ag (5)–Si (45)–Ag (5)	1070	96.6	35.8	13.7	78	78
Cu	Bright and cool (BC)	Cu (5)– $S i O_{2}$ (41)–Cu (5)	615	75.5	47.2	7.9	77	77
	Bright and warm (BW)	Cu (5)– $T i O_{2}$ (41)–Cu (5)	750	83.4	34.6	10.0	77	77
	Dark and warm (DW)	Cu (5)–Si (41)–Cu (5)	1060	76.1	25.3	14.7	78	78
ITO	Bright and warm (BW)	ITO (5)– $S i O_{2}$ (75)–ITO (5)	1800	96.5	89.7	96.5	80	80
	Intermediate (IMD)	ITO (5)– $T i O_{2}$ (75)–ITO (5)	400	99.2	99.2	67.6	83	83
	Bright and cool (BC)	ITO (5)–Si (75)–ITO (5)	550	99.9	30.8	35.6	82	82
AZO	Bright and warm (BW)	AZO (5)– $S i O_{2}$ (75)–AZO (5)	1800	97.5	91.3	97.5	80	80
	Intermediate (IMD)	AZO (5)– $T i O_{2}$ (75)–AZO (5)	400	99.3	99.3	69.4	83	83
	Bright and cool (BC)	AZO (5)–Si (75)–AZO (5)	550	99.9	30.4	36.3	82	82
ALON	Bright and warm (BW)	ALON (5)– $S i O_{2}$ (75)–ALON (5)	1800	96.9	90.1	96.9	80	80
	Intermediate (IMD)	ALON (5)– $T i O_{2}$ (75)–ALON (5)	400	99.9	99.9	67.2	83	83
	Bright and cool (BC)	ALON (5)–Si (75)–ALON (5)	550	99.9	30.9	35.6	82	82

Ashish Kumar Chowdhary	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-360X
Tanmay Bhowmik	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4719-440X
Debabrata Sikdar	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-9407

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Equations (23)

Applied Optics