Passive Q switching of Yb:CNGS lasers by Cr<sup>4+</sup>:YAG and V<sup>3+</sup>:YAG saturable absorbers

Xuzhao Zhang; Pavel Loiko; Josep Maria Serres; Venkatesan Jambunathan; Zhengping Wang; Shiyi Guo; Anatoly Yasukevich; Antonio Lucianetti; Tomas Mocek; Uwe Griebner; Valentin Petrov; Xinguang Xu; Magdalena Aguiló; Francesc Díaz; Xavier Mateos

doi:10.1364/AO.57.008236

Applied Optics
Vol. 57,
Issue 28,
pp. 8236-8241
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.008236

Passive Q switching of Yb:CNGS lasers by Cr⁴⁺:YAG and V³⁺:YAG saturable absorbers

Xuzhao Zhang, Pavel Loiko, Josep Maria Serres, Venkatesan Jambunathan, Zhengping Wang, Shiyi Guo, Anatoly Yasukevich, Antonio Lucianetti, Tomas Mocek, Uwe Griebner, Valentin Petrov, Xinguang Xu, Magdalena Aguiló, Francesc Díaz, and Xavier Mateos

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Xuzhao Zhang, Pavel Loiko, Josep Maria Serres, Venkatesan Jambunathan, Zhengping Wang, Shiyi Guo, Anatoly Yasukevich, Antonio Lucianetti, Tomas Mocek, Uwe Griebner, Valentin Petrov, Xinguang Xu, Magdalena Aguiló, Francesc Díaz, and Xavier Mateos, "Passive Q switching of Yb:CNGS lasers by Cr⁴⁺:YAG and V³⁺:YAG saturable absorbers," Appl. Opt. 57, 8236-8241 (2018)

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- Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: June 7, 2018
- Revised Manuscript: August 13, 2018
- Manuscript Accepted: August 13, 2018
- Published: September 25, 2018

Abstract

Trigonal langasite-type ordered silicate crystal $Yb : {Ca}_{3} Nb {Ga}_{3} {Si}_{2} O_{14}$ (Yb:CNGS) is a promising material for efficient $\sim 1 μm$ lasers. We report on the first passively $Q$ -switched Yb:CNGS laser using ${Cr}^{4 +} : YAG$ and $V^{3 +} : YAG$ saturable absorbers (SAs) with a 976 nm volume-Bragg-grating-stabilized diode as a pump source. The laser crystal was a $c$ cut 3 at.% Yb:CNGS grown by the Czochralski method. It was placed in a compact microchip-type laser cavity. With a ${Cr}^{4 +} : YAG$ SA, very stable 62.2 μJ/4.4 ns pulses were achieved at a repetition rate of 22.5 kHz. The average output power was 1.40 W at 1015.3 nm, corresponding to a $Q$ switching conversion efficiency of 90%. With the $V^{3 +} : YAG$ SA, the pulse characteristics were 13.3 μJ/11.1 ns at a higher repetition rate of 68.4 kHz. The performance of the $Yb : CNGS / {Cr}^{4 +} : YAG$ was numerically modeled showing a good agreement with the experiment.

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SA	$T_{SA}$ , %	$P_{out}$ , W	$η$ , %	$E_{out}$ , μJ	$Δ τ$ , ns	PRF, kHz	$P_{peak}$ , kW	$η_{conv}$ , %
${Cr}^{4 +} : YAG$	95	1.51	15	33.8	6.4	44.6	5.3	97
	90	1.40	15	62.2	4.4	22.5	14.0	90
$V^{3 +} : YAG$	90	1.19	12	17.3	11.1	68.4	1.56	76

Parameter	Notation	Value
Laser crystal ^a : ${Yb}^{3 +} : CNGS$
${Yb}^{3 +}$ concentration	$N_{Yb}$	$3.2 \times 10^{20} {cm}^{- 3}$
SE cross section	$σ_{SE}^{L}$	$0.97 \times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{- 2}$
Reabsorption cross section	$σ_{abs}^{L}$	$0.12 \times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{- 2}$
Lifetime of ${Yb}^{3 +}$ ion [14]	$τ_{Yb} (^{2} F_{5 / 2}$ )	710 μs
Refractive index [19]	$n_{o}$	1.772
$SA : {Cr}^{4 +} : YAG$ [5,6]
Ground/excited-state Absorption cross section	$σ_{GSA} / σ_{ESA}$	$4.5 \times 10^{- 18} {cm}^{2} / \sim 1 \times 10^{- 18} {cm}^{- 2}$
Saturation fluence	$F_{S} = h ν_{L} / σ_{GSA}$	$0.04 J / {cm}^{2}$
Recovery time	$τ ({{}^{3}T}_{2})$	3.4 μs
Refractive index	$n_{SA}$	1.816

SA	$T_{SA}$ , %	$P_{out}$ , W	$η$ , %	$E_{out}$ , μJ	$Δ τ$ , ns	PRF, kHz	$P_{peak}$ , kW	$η_{conv}$ , %
${Cr}^{4 +} : YAG$	95	1.51	15	33.8	6.4	44.6	5.3	97
	90	1.40	15	62.2	4.4	22.5	14.0	90
$V^{3 +} : YAG$	90	1.19	12	17.3	11.1	68.4	1.56	76

Parameter	Notation	Value
Laser crystal ^a : ${Yb}^{3 +} : CNGS$
${Yb}^{3 +}$ concentration	$N_{Yb}$	$3.2 \times 10^{20} {cm}^{- 3}$
SE cross section	$σ_{SE}^{L}$	$0.97 \times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{- 2}$
Reabsorption cross section	$σ_{abs}^{L}$	$0.12 \times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{- 2}$
Lifetime of ${Yb}^{3 +}$ ion [14]	$τ_{Yb} (^{2} F_{5 / 2}$ )	710 μs
Refractive index [19]	$n_{o}$	1.772
$SA : {Cr}^{4 +} : YAG$ [5,6]
Ground/excited-state Absorption cross section	$σ_{GSA} / σ_{ESA}$	$4.5 \times 10^{- 18} {cm}^{2} / \sim 1 \times 10^{- 18} {cm}^{- 2}$
Saturation fluence	$F_{S} = h ν_{L} / σ_{GSA}$	$0.04 J / {cm}^{2}$
Recovery time	$τ ({{}^{3}T}_{2})$	3.4 μs
Refractive index	$n_{SA}$	1.816

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