Abstract

We present a spatial acquisition scheme based on a fish-eye lens and a sinusoidal amplitude grating that can acquire laser beacons in an ultrawide field of view for atmospheric optical links. In this scheme, an incoming laser beacon can be imaged into three diffraction spots. The laser direction and the wavelength can be measured from the center position of the spots and the distance between two adjacent spots, respectively. The total optical transfer function can be described by the combined effect of the acquisition system itself and the spatial coherence degradation due to atmospheric turbulence. Spot spread and spot dancing effects are both considered for long-term exposure and short-term exposure. We investigate how root mean square errors of the measured laser direction and wavelength vary with the ratio of the pupil diameter $D_2$ to atmospheric coherence length $r_0$, without consideration of aberrations of the fish-eye lens. The results show that with the limitation of $r_0$ the performance cannot be infinitely improved by enlarging $D_2$. When considering aberrations of the fish-eye lens, the imaged spot is gradually blurred and deteriorated with the increase of the field angle, since aberrations are enlarged with the increase of the field angle. We study how the measured errors of laser direction and wavelength vary with $r_0$ and incident angles (with different aberrations). A severe turbulence with a small value of $r_0$ and a large incident angle will cause a bad acquisition performance.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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