The authors have for the first time to their knowledge developed a new Extinction Imager (EI) system that can measure from a single end the extinction and transmission of the atmosphere in all 360 degree directions related to the surrounding scenes for a ground- or ocean-based imaging camera type system, without the need for double-ended, laser based transmission/scatter measurements or point scatter meters (PSMs). The system operates in the visible and short wave IR (near 1.6 µm), and uses the measured contrast between ocean surfaces and waves/clouds/distant hills to improve on the imaging of distant scenes. What is unique about their system is that they have developed new single-ended radiance equations for non-100% contrast calibration targets, which has allowed them to develop new, improved images using less than ideal and more realistic targets without requiring a black contrast calibration target. The new system has been extensively tested in the field overlooking a 180-degree view of the ocean and has shown improvement in the processed digital camera images. In addition, their new algorithms include logic to help find the apparent location of a target in the image even if the apparent location has changed due to atmospheric refraction or turbulence.

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